移栽密度对南抗9号无土苗生长发育及产量的影响

 以南抗9号为材料,探讨了不同移栽密度对棉花无土苗生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明：在1.8万~3.6万株·hm^-2范围无土苗群体总蕾数、现蕾强度、成铃数及成铃强度均随着密度的增加而增加。在2.4万株· hm^-2时,子棉产量最高,达到4284 kg· hm^-2。     

氮素对棉花群体生理指标的影响

 探讨在大田条件下,土壤氮素含量水平对棉花生长中群体生理指标的影响,为调控棉花早衰和提高棉花产量提供依据。设置3个氮素水平（纯N：低氮 0 kg·hm^-2,中氮189.5 kg·hm^-2,高氮395.0 kg·hm^-2）处理,研究棉花生长过程中叶面积指数（LAI）、透光率（CLP）、群体光合势（LAD）、群体净同化率（NAR）及作物生长率（CGR）指标变化特征。结果表明,本试验条件下,随施氮量的增加棉花群体生理指标有所提高,但数值过高不利于产量提高。中氮处理达到最高产量,其LAI最高值为4.3,CGR最高值为16.71 kg·hm^-2·d^-1,叶面积载荷量为21.6 mg·cm^-2。因此,适当氮素供应对棉花群体性能改善较为显著,对调控棉花群体生长发育及氮素管理具有重要实践价值。     

不同施肥量和密度对中棉所68生长发育及产量的影响

 研究了不同施肥量和栽培密度对短季棉中棉所68生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,不同处理间现蕾期、开花期、吐絮期相差1~5 d;产量最高的处理组合为：尿素 552.0 kg·hm^-2、三元复合肥256.0 kg·hm^-2、过磷酸钙412.5 kg·hm^-2、菜子饼1500.0 kg·hm^-2、密度6万株·hm^-2 。     

湖北省京山县棉田配方施肥优化试验

 为了指导棉农科学施肥,高效施肥,减少养分流失,提高肥料利用效率,采用“3414”设计,进行多点大田试验,探讨了京山县棉田最佳氮磷钾肥施用量及其与棉花产量的关系。结果表明,在一定范围内,合理增加N、P、K的施用量棉花产量会增加,当超过最佳施肥配比时,产量会下降。通过回归分析,得出最佳施肥方案为施纯氮259.5～274.2 kg·hm^-2、五氧化二磷87～123.7 kg·hm^-2、氧化钾108～130.2 kg·hm^-2,该配方可以在该区域推广应用。同时,推荐最佳种植密度为2.40 万株·hm^-2左右。     

棉花亲本主要性状配合力研究

采用“八五”育成的七个棉花品种（系），按不完全双列杂交，配制12个组合，分析了单株铃数、铃重、衣分，衣指．纤维2．5％跨长，麦克隆值．比强、整齐度，伸长率等九个性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力。结果表明，“绵育3号”产量构成性状和纤维品质的一般配合力效应最好，川243次之，川棉56产量构成性状的一般配合力表现突出。组合特殊配合力效应分析，川棉56×川243表现较为突出。同时单抗枯萎病品种和抗枯萎兼抗黄萎病品种产量构成性状、纤维品质的配合力无明显差异。本地育成的品种配合力效应优于外地品种，因此，选用本地品种作杂交亲本仍然不可忽视。     

氮肥对南疆膜下滴灌陆地棉铃重、衣分及产量的影响

 在新疆南疆膜下滴灌陆地棉棉田,设置6个不同施氮量水平,研究施氮对陆地棉铃重、衣分及产量的影响。结果表明,施纯氮量为300～450 kg·hm^-2时,有利于提高铃重和衣分,超过450 kg·hm^-2时公顷总铃数开始减少。当施纯氮量为427.8 kg·hm^-2时,子棉产量的最大值6860.5 kg·hm^-2,此结论为南疆膜下滴灌陆地棉高产棉田适宜施氮量的进一步优化提供理论参考。     

1998-2013年山西省审定棉花品种性状评价

以1998-2013年山西省审定棉花品种区域试验结果为数据源,对44个中熟品种的产量、抗病性、纤维品质等主要性状参数及其年度变化趋势进行了分析。结果表明:1皮棉产量、皮棉增产率、枯萎病病指、黄萎病病指变幅大,铃重、衣分变幅较小。中绒和中短绒类型品种占97.5%;纤维比强度分布在中等到很强档;整齐度指数属较高档的品种占85%,马克隆值和伸长率变异较大。2随着时间推移,品种的铃重、马克隆值呈增加趋势;皮棉增产率、枯萎病病指、纤维伸长率有下降趋势;皮棉产量、黄萎病病指、纤维长度呈先增后降的变化趋势;衣分、纤维比强度和整齐度指数呈年度间波动。3皮棉产量和黄萎病抗性是棉花品种审定的主要限制因子。审定品种品质类型单一,难以满足纺织多元化需求。     

锦科杂1号高产优质施肥模型的研究

 利用“3414”回归设计方案对锦科杂1号高产优质栽培施肥用量进行试验,对试验结果进行统计建模,建立了以子棉产量为目标函数的氮、磷、钾三因素肥料效应模型.经模拟仿真因素取值和统计分析,得出子棉产量3982.11～4015.17 kg·hm^-2的施肥量的95%置信区间分别为纯氮311.91～328.73 kg·hm^-2,P₂O₅ 151.87～162.33 kg·hm^-2,K₂O 238.88～255.86 kg·hm^-2。并对两因素互作效应及单因素效应进行了剖析。通过对氮磷钾、氮磷、氮钾、磷钾及氮、磷、钾三类7种模型提供的施肥量和期望产量进行经济效益分析,据此提出锦科杂1号高产优质高效栽培的推荐施肥措施：每公顷施纯氮300 kg,P₂O₅ 145.53 kg,K₂O 232.85 kg,产量期望为4029.42 kg·hm^-2,产投比12.57。     

肥料运筹方式对不同用途大麦产量和品质的影响

为研究肥料运筹方式对不同用途大麦品种产量和品质的影响,以啤用大麦品种扬农啤7号和饲食兼用大麦品种扬饲麦3号为材料,分析4种肥料运筹方式对大麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量及麦芽品质的影响。结果表明,在中等偏上肥力的土壤上,扬农啤7号优质高产施肥方式为基施尿素150 kg·hm^-2+复合肥375 kg·hm^-2,苗肥施尿素75 kg·hm^-2,拔节肥施尿素75 kg·hm^-2+复合肥225 kg·hm^-2,其产量水平在7 500 kg·hm^-2左右;主要啤酒麦芽品质接近国标二级,可适当减少氮肥用量及提前施用拔节肥改善扬农啤7号籽粒的麦芽品质。无论哪种肥料运筹方式,扬饲麦3号的麦芽品质指标均达不到国家二级麦芽标准,该品种不适宜作为啤酒大麦原料种植,宜作优质高产饲食大麦种植,其较佳肥料运筹方式为基施尿素75 kg·hm^-2+复合肥750 kg·hm^-2,拔节肥施尿素112.5 kg·hm^-2+复合肥375 kg·hm^-2,其产量水平在8 000 kg·hm^-2左右,籽粒蛋白质含量在14.0%左右。     

运单19玉米新品种的选育技术与栽培措施

运单19是山西省农业科学院棉花研究所以运系98-40作母本,H9-21改作父本育成的杂交种.该品种生育期春播130 d;夏播92 d,高产稳产,一般产量12 000kg/m²,最高可达15 000kg/hm²,子粒桔红色,品质佳.适用于华北地区春播和黄淮海区域夏播.在栽培措施上注意合理密植和后期追肥.     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。