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<正>营养与免疫有着密不可分的关系,直接或间接地影响着幼龄动物的生长发育。幼龄动物营养缺乏可直接或间接地引起免疫系统的损伤,降低免疫力和抗病力,引发各种疾病;幼龄动物免疫系统发育不完善,自身免疫力低,易感染疾病引发免疫反应从而影响代谢的营养需要和营养成分的吸收。幼龄动物对营养水平的要求高,通过掌握幼龄动物的营养与免疫关系,可更加科学地管理动物日粮的营养水平,有利于幼龄动物关键时期的过渡和疾病预防,对动物的正常生长发育有重要作用,但目前营养与免疫的相关研究较少,笔者从营养物质对幼龄动物免疫的影响、免疫反应对幼龄动物营养代谢的影响两方面讨论幼龄动物的营养与免疫。 相似文献
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营养是充分发挥遗传潜力的物质基础,国外养羊先进国家饲养细毛羊均有饲养标准。在饲养标准中,幼龄羊的饲养标准高于成年羊,如苏联标准50千克体重的成年细毛羊蛋白质饲养标准为60克,而25千克体重的幼龄羊蛋白质饲养标准为110克。如果饲粮能满足幼龄羊生长发育的营养要求,则幼龄羊到满1岁时生长发 相似文献
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[目的]研究营养强化低脂羊奶粉对幼龄动物生长发育及脂肪含量的影响。[方法]给予幼龄SD大鼠营养强化低脂羊奶粉,试验周期42天。测定动物生长发育指标(体重、体长)、食物利用率、甘油三酯、胆固醇,及体内脂肪和股骨骨密度。[结果]营养强化低脂羊奶粉组与空白组比较,生长发育指标(体重、体长)无不良影响,股骨骨密度明显升高(P<0.01),营养强化低脂羊奶粉对体脂无明显影响。[结论]营养强化低脂羊奶粉可促进幼龄SD大鼠骨骼生长,对血脂含量及体脂率无影响。 相似文献
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<正>幼龄反刍动物对营养和饲料的要求较高,为了让反刍动物健康成长,需要提高其免疫力,因此动物饲料中需要增加微生物制剂,以优化幼龄反刍动物体内的有益菌群,更好地促进动物生长。本文针对微生物制剂发现现状,探究如何将微生物制剂应用到幼龄反刍动物营养和饲料中,便于进一步提升其应用价值,优化微生物制剂的发展。 相似文献
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翁善钢 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2015,(3)
对幼龄仔猪而言,抗营养因子可能是有害的。因此,使饲料含有较低水平的抗营养因子能够改善动物的健康,并促进生长。识别并减少主要的抗营养因子有助于克服这些负面作用。 相似文献
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日粮蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维水平对幼龄反刍动物生长发育影响的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
幼龄阶段是反刍动物生长中非常重要的阶段,这一时期的营养供应、生长发育状况和瘤胃发育程度决定了其成年后的生产性能和繁殖效率。由于幼龄阶段消化代谢系统发育不完善且具有极强的可塑性,此阶段日粮的营养水平,尤其是蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)水平,在反刍动物发育过程中发挥着非常重要的作用。在生产实践中,营养供给不足或超量供给都会影响幼畜的生长发育及健康状况,这种情况甚至会伴随其一生。而幼龄反刍动物日粮中蛋白质和纤维水平对生长性能和胃肠道发育的调节具有决定性的作用。适量提高日粮中蛋白质水平,可提高幼龄反刍动物的生长发育程度,并由于饲料中瘤胃微生物可利用氮浓度的提高而提高了营养物质消化率和瘤胃的发育。在保证精饲料充足的情况下,提高日粮中NDF水平可提高幼龄反刍动物开食料的采食量,提高生长性能和促进瘤胃发育,同时也伴随着营养物质消化率的提高。但由于试验动物或原料来源不同,在相关试验中仍存在不同的试验结果。为此,作者针对日粮中不同蛋白质和NDF水平对幼龄反刍动物生长发育、营养物质消化率和瘤胃发育的影响,以及出现不同试验结果的原因进行总结和探讨,以期为解决幼龄反刍动物的饲养管理问题、提高其饲养效率提供理论依据。 相似文献
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营养与免疫是相辅相成的。营养素是促进动物生长、维持猪体内正常免疫功能的重要物质;免疫系统受外来抗原刺激后也能影响动物的生长和营养需要量。 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2%的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。 相似文献
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