间伐对杉木人工林不同组分碳、氮、磷含量及其生态化学计量关系的影响

[目的]研究间伐后杉木人工林碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)生态化学计量关系变化,为杉木人工林养分循环研究提供参考。[方法]在浙江开化县林场17年生杉木人工纯林内,建立9块20 m×20 m的固定样地,测定分析了未间伐、中度间伐(20%间伐强度)和强度间伐(37%间伐强度)处理地表凋落物、林下植被、杉木细根和土壤C、N、P含量及其计量关系。[结果]间伐2 a后,强度间伐处理地表凋落物和杉木细根生物量显著降低,林下植被生物量显著增加。强度间伐处理下地表凋落物总氮(TN)含量显著降低,林下植被总氮(TN)含量则显著增加,土壤有机碳(SOC)和总氮(TN)含量也显著增加,杉木细根C、N、P含量在未间伐、中度间伐和强度间伐之间无显著差异。地表凋落物C/N和C/P随着间伐强度增加而增大;林下植被C/N随着间伐强度增加而减小,N/P比随着间伐强度增加而增大;杉木细根和土壤C/N、C/P和N/P在不同间伐处理之间差异不显著。土壤与林下植被C、N、P含量及其比值具有显著相关性。[结论]间伐后短期内杉木人工林地表凋落物、林下植被和土壤C、N含量受间伐强度显著影响,间伐改变了地表凋落物和林下植被C、N、P生态化学计量关系,但对杉木细根和土壤C、N、P生态化学计量关系无显著影响。     

桉树人工林土壤养分对凋落物分解的影响

以桉树人工林为研究对象,利用野外试验和室内分析相结合的方法,其中野外试验采取网袋法,系统研究了桉树人工林间作下土壤养分对凋落物分解的影响,可旨在为维护桉树人工林的长期生产以及实施人工林生态系统的经营管理提供理论支持。结果表明:桉树纯林凋落物叶和枝分解360 d后均比桉树+象草林低,比桉树+山毛豆林凋落物叶和枝分解低。不同间作模式下桉树凋落物叶和枝均先固持后释放;P含量变化不同,K、Ca、Mg含量均下降。桉树纯林土壤有机质降低34.8%,而桉树+象草林、桉树+山毛豆林土壤有分别增加147.3%和15.5%;3种林分土壤氮含量分别增加44.6%和2.9%,49.3%和12.8%,466.9%和68.9%。利用典范对应分析(CCA)得出桉树人工林凋落物分解速率、养分释放动态以及土壤养分关系明显,桉树凋落物叶和枝分解速率与土壤养分关系紧密,尤其是与土壤总磷含量。土壤总氮、有效氮、总磷和总钾对桉树凋落物叶氮含量和总磷养分释放影响较大,桉树人工林凋落物枝分解中,土壤有机质、总氮、有效磷与凋落物枝氮含量、总磷含量关系密切。间作桉树林促进桉树凋落物叶和枝分解,3种不同间作桉树人工林凋落物叶和枝分解均呈现快-慢-稍快模式,N元素质量分数属于富集-释放模式,P元素先下降后上升,除桉树+山毛豆枝凋落物外,属于释放-富集模式;K、Ca、Mg的质量分数随着分解过程一直下降,属于淋溶-释放模式,桉树纯林凋落物叶各养分元素释放速率是MgCaKNP,凋落物枝养分释放速率是MgKCaNP;桉树+象草人工林凋落物叶和枝均是MgKCaNP;桉树+山毛豆人工林凋落物叶是MgKCaNP,凋落物枝则是KMgCaPN,凋落物叶和枝中养分含量的释放尤其受土壤总氮和速效磷的调节。     

毛竹和林下植被芒箕凋落物分解特征研究

[目的]探讨竹林与其林下植被凋落物叶之间相互影响的潜在机制,为合理经营管理毛竹林林下植被提供理论参考。[方法]采用原位分解袋法研究了四川长宁毛竹与林下植被芒箕凋落物叶分解和养分释放过程。[结果](1)芒箕凋落物叶初始C、N、P含量和羟基碳高于毛竹(P 0. 05),而C∶N、C∶P、烷基碳、氧烷基碳和芳香碳低于毛竹(P 0. 05)。(2)凋落物叶分解和养分释放速率芒箕整体高于毛竹,芒箕和毛竹分解常数(k)分别为0. 58±0. 03和0. 73±0. 02,C、N、P养分释放均表现为净释放。(3)凋落物叶混合对分解速率没有显著影响,但抑制了N、P元素整个分解周期和C元素中后期的释放。(4)凋落物叶分解过程中元素含量变化格局表现为C含量和C∶N比整体呈下降趋势,N含量和N∶P比有小幅上升,P含量有微弱的下降趋势,C∶P比呈波动性变化。(5)凋落物叶分解速率与土壤温度、初始凋落物叶N和P含量呈显著正相关(P 0. 01),与初始凋落物叶的C∶N和C∶P呈极显著负相关(P 0. 01),与土壤含水量相关不显著。[结论]单独分解过程中,毛竹凋落物叶分解速率低于林下植被芒箕,养分释放特征均表现为直接释放;混合分解过程中,毛竹和芒箕凋落物叶分解速率无显著混和效应,但养分释放的混合效应表现出一定负效应和不同阶段性。     

华北落叶松—白桦凋落物混合分解研究

采用凋落物袋法对华北落叶松Larix gmelinii和白桦Betula platyphylla叶凋落物以不同比例混合(PB、PL、8L:2B、7L:3B、6L:4B、5L:5B),研究凋落物混合分解的分解速率及养分动态变化。结果表明:不同比例华北落叶松—白桦凋落物混合分解均表现出了前期分解迅速,后期分解缓慢的特点。单独分解时,纯白桦的分解速率要高于纯华北落叶松的分解速率,混合凋落物对凋落物的分解有不同程度的促进作用,6L:4B的凋落物残留量最小,分解最快。在分解前期,混合凋落物对分解速率并没有显著影响,但对分解过程中的养分动态有显著混合效应。混合分解促进了华北落叶松凋落物中N、P的富集,且随着白桦比例的增加凋落物中N、P的富集加剧,混合处理的N、P含量均高于纯华北落叶松处理,在分解后期,部分处理(6L:4B、5L:5B)N、P含量甚至超过纯白桦。混合分解对K的释放无显著影响。混合分解降低了华北落叶松凋落物的C/N和C/P。     

亚热带不同植被恢复林地凋落物层碳、氮、磷化学计量特征

【目的】探究不同植被恢复阶段林地凋落物层现存量及其碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)化学计量的差异,为亚热带地区退化林地的植被恢复和管理提供科学依据。【方法】采用空间代替时间的方法,在位于亚热带丘陵区的湖南省长沙县选取地域相邻、环境条件基本一致的4种处于不同植被恢复阶段林地:檵木-南烛-杜鹃灌草丛(LVR)、檵木-杉木-白栎灌木林(LCQ)、马尾松-柯(又名石栎)-檵木针阔混交林(PLL)、柯-红淡比-青冈常绿阔叶林(LAG)作为一个恢复序列,设置固定样地,按未分解层、半分解层和已分解层采集凋落物层分析样品,测定凋落物层现存量以及不同分解层凋落物C、N、P含量及其化学计量比。【结果】1)凋落物层及其各分解层凋落物的现存量总体上随着植被恢复而增加,同一林地不同分解层表现为:已分解层>半分解层>未分解层,不同分解层之间的差异随着植被恢复而增大。2)凋落物层C含量以PLL最高,LCQ最低,而N、P含量总体上随着植被恢复而增高;C、N、P含量随着凋落物的分解而下降。3)无论是整个凋落物层C储量还是各分解层凋落物C储量,均以PLL最高,其次是LAG,LVR最低,而N、P储量随着植被恢复而增高。4)整个凋落物层以及各分解层凋落物的C/N比值均表现为:PLL>LVR>LCQ>LAG,而C/P、N/P比值总体上随着植被恢复呈下降趋势;C/N、C/P、N/P比值基本上随着凋落物的分解而下降。【结论】随着植被恢复,凋落物层现存量及其N、P含量增加,C/N、C/P、N/P比值下降,体现了生态系统物质循环随着植被恢复逐渐优化。     

滇中高原森林凋落物不同分解阶段C、N、P的化学计量特征及种间差异

【目的】为了解滇中高原磨盘山典型森林凋落物在不同分解阶段的化学计量特征,揭示滇中高原森林不同分解阶段凋落物的质量特征,为更好地促进滇中高原森林生态系统的凋落物分解进程和养分循环提供理论依据。【方法】以滇中高原的华山松Pinus armandii林、云南松Pinus yunnanensis林、高山栎Quercus semecarpifolia林、滇油杉Keteleeria evelyniana林、常绿阔叶林5种林地为试验区,人为地将自然状态下的森林凋落物分为未分解层、半分解层、已分解层,用以模拟凋落物的不同分解阶段,对不同分解层凋落物的碳氮磷(C、N、P)含量、化学计量比及元素释放率进行分析。【结果】1)随着凋落物分解程度的加剧,5种森林凋落物的C含量不断减少,P、N含量大体呈增加趋势,其中云南松林及华山松林的N含量呈先增加后减少的趋势,常绿阔叶林P含量为先减少后增加,且C、N、P含量在同一分解层中不同森林之间差异显著;2)5种森林凋落物的C∶N、C∶P随着凋落物分解程度的不断降低,云南松林的二者比值最高,N∶P在云南松林、华山松林和常绿阔叶林中先升高后降低,在高山栎林中先降低后升高,在滇油杉林中逐渐降低,且滇中高原森林凋落物C∶P和N∶P均显著小于全球平均水平;3)森林凋落物中C、N、P的总释放率均为滇油杉林>华山松林>高山栎林>云南松林>常绿阔叶林,常绿阔叶林前期元素释放效率快,后期减弱,华山松林和云南松林则相反,滇中磨盘山5种森林凋落物的化学元素易富集难释放。【结论】根据碳、氮、磷的化学计量特征表明,森林种间差异及不同的分解阶段会显著影响凋落物分解过程中的碳氮磷含量、化学计量比及其释放效率。     

间伐对杨树人工林凋落物及养分归还量的影响

为了了解间伐对杨树大径材生长的影响,按人工林不同间伐方式和强度设计了4种间伐处理,分别为对照、30％强度的下层伐(下层30％)、50％强度的下层伐(下层50％)、50％强度的机械伐(机械50％),探讨了不同间伐处理对杨树人工林凋落物及其养分归还量的影响.结果表明,不同间伐强度显著影响林分凋落物及其养分归还量,凋落物及养分归还量均随间伐强度的增大而降低;凋落物中5种营养元素含量及归还量大小为Ca＞K＞N＞Mg＞P;4种处理的凋落物及养分归还月动态变化趋势均为8-11月最多,分别占年归还总量的76.48％ ～79.68％和80.35％～90.46％.该研究结果为杨树人工林的林分结构调控提供参考.     

华北落叶松和白桦叶凋落物混合分解特征及土壤养分动态

采用分解袋法,在室内设置华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)和白桦(Betula platyphylla)叶凋落物混合分解试验,按照不同质量混合比例设置了5种处理,即纯华北落叶松、纯白桦、落桦(1:1)、落桦(2:1)、落桦(3:1)。结果表明:白桦叶凋落物分解速率明显高于纯华北落叶松,华北落叶松和白桦叶凋落物混合分解可以促进华北落叶松叶凋落物的分解,且随着白桦叶凋落物比例的增加,促进作用越来越明显;叶凋落物分解过程中,N,P浓度呈上升趋势,K,C浓度和C/N比呈下降趋势;纯白桦叶凋落物N,K,C释放率大于纯华北落叶松,华北落叶松和白桦叶凋落物混合分解可以促进华北落叶松叶凋落物中N,K,C的释放,对P的释放有一定的抑制作用;叶凋落物分解可以改善土壤pH和养分含量,土壤的pH、有机质、速效N,P,K均有所提高。总体来看,华北落叶松和白桦叶凋落物混合分解对改善土壤养分比纯华北落叶松叶凋落物单独分解效果要好。     

不同种植年限尾巨桉人工林叶片-凋落物-土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征

[目的]为了解雷州半岛尾巨桉速生人工林生态系统的C、N、P分配格局及化学计量特征。[方法]采用空间换时间的方法,选取雷州半岛4种不同林龄(1、3、5、7 a)的尾巨桉人工林为研究对象,对尾巨桉叶片、凋落物及土壤的C、N、P含量及化学计量特征进行测定分析。[结果]表明:C、N含量表现为叶片凋落物土壤,P含量表现为叶片土壤凋落物,且3个库间差异显著;土壤的C含量随林龄增加而增加,N、P含量差异不显著,土壤C∶N随林龄的增加而增加,说明土壤有机质分解速率逐渐下降;凋落物的C∶N为54. 07 92. 18 ( 25),表明尾巨桉林下凋落物分解速率较慢,N元素成为主要限制凋落物分解的元素,凋落物的C∶N随林龄的增加先增加后下降,凋落物分解速度先降低后升高;叶片的N∶P为10. 80 12. 98,说明中幼林龄尾巨桉受N限制较明显。相关性分析表明:凋落物养分元素含量受叶片限制,土壤养分含量受凋落物限制,表明生态系统内部C、N、P元素在植物、凋落物与土壤之间实现了运输和转换。[结论]雷州半岛尾巨桉中、幼林龄时期土壤有机质及凋落物分解速率较慢;随林龄的增加,土壤有机质、凋落物分解速率下降,N元素成为其主要分解限制性元素,林分生长受N限制明显。     

五大连池火山熔岩台地优势植物凋落物早期养分动态

【目的】为了探究火山生态系统凋落物养分释放（或流失）的动态变化规律。【方法】采用凋落物分解袋的方法,以五大连池火山熔岩台地中落叶松、白桦、山杨为代表的优势植物凋落物为研究对象,分析其分解速率及其养分释放动态差异。【结果】6种凋落物叶片的质量残留率在不同时间、树种、来源间存在显著差异。根据Olson指数衰减模型,不同凋落物分解50%的时间是5.73～9.17 a,分解95%的时间是8.04～13.03 a,分解系数为0.545～0.994。分解速率表现为熔岩孤丘>熔岩台地且山杨>白桦>落叶松。从来源来看,凋落物分解过程中,其C含量、N含量以及P含量均表现为熔岩孤丘>熔岩台地,N∶P值均小于14。凋落物质量残留率与C元素呈极显著正相关,与N元素呈极显著正相关,与C∶N值呈显著负相关。C∶N值与N∶P值呈极显著负相关,与质量残留率呈显著负相关。【结论】相对于阔叶树种凋落物叶片,针叶树种凋落物叶片分解较慢。凋落物的C含量变化没有明显规律,P含量变化一致呈现先减后增的趋势,且P元素相比C元素、N元素更不易被溶出,分解过程中,凋落物样品受到N元素的影响最为显著,N含量越高且...     

三峡库区马尾松根和叶片的生态化学计量特征

[目的]对马尾松根系和叶片养分(C、N、P、K、Ca、Mg)进行研究,探讨生长季和非生长季根系和叶片的化学计量学特征和养分分配特征,以及根和叶片养分的相关性。[方法]本研究分别在2014年7月和11月,利用土柱法采集根样和高枝剪采集枝条第二节上的健康叶样,然后再进行室内测试分析。[结果]表明:(1)非生长季与生长季相比,根C养分含量、C:N和N:P比值均下降,N、P、K、Ca、Mg养分含量含量均增加。(2)根C养分含量随直径增大而增加,N、P、K、Ca、Mg养分含量随直径增大而减小。(3)径级、取样时间以及两者交互作用对根系C、N、P、K、Ca、Mg养分含量和C、N、P养分化学计量比存在极显著影响(P0.01),同时取样时间对粗根C、N养分含量以及C:N比无显著影响。(4)细根(2 mm)C和N元素含量存在极显著的负相关关系,N和P元素含量存在极显著的正相关关系,同时C:N比值和N:P比值变异分别由各自两元素含量共同决定;粗根(2 3 mm)C、N计量比值和N:P比值变异分别主要由N元素含量和P元素含量决定;(5)从地上叶到地下根,C、N、P、K养分含量呈减少趋势,Ca、Mg养分含量呈增加趋势。同时,根和叶片养分含量相关性较弱,除C、K养分之外。[结论]马尾松根系养分含量与叶片养分的关系较弱,且分别对各养分的相对需求量不同;与生长季相比,非生长季马尾松根系N、P、K、Ca、Mg含量显著增加;C、N元素和N、P元素的耦合关系只出现在细根中。     

Fruit load and branch ring-barking affect carbon allocation and photosynthesis of leaf and fruit of Coffea arabica in the field

Increasing fruit load (from no berries present to 25, 50 and 100% of the initial fruit load) significantly decreased branch growth on 5-year-old coffee (Coffea arabica L.) trees of the dwarf cultivar 'Costa Rica 95', during their third production cycle. Ring-barking the branches further reduced their growth. Berry dry mass at harvest was significantly reduced by increasing fruit load. Dry matter allocation to berries was four times that allocated to branch growth during the cycle. Branch dieback and berry drop were significantly higher at greater fruit loads. This illustrates the importance of berry sink strength and indicates that there is competition for carbohydrates between berries and shoots and also among berries. Leaf net photosynthesis (P(n)) increased with increasing fruit load. Furthermore, leaves of non-isolated branches bearing full fruit load achieved three times higher P(n) than leaves of isolated (ring-barked) branches without berries, indicating strong relief of leaf P(n) inhibition by carbohydrate demand from berries and other parts of the coffee tree when excess photoassimilates could be exported. Leaf P(n) was significantly higher in the morning than later during the day. This reduction in leaf P(n) is generally attributed to stomatal closure in response to high irradiance, temperature and vapor pressure deficit in the middle of the day; however, it could also be a feedback effect of reserves accumulating during the morning when climatic conditions for leaf P(n) were optimal, because increased leaf mass ratio was observed in leaves of ring-barked branches with low or no fruit loads. Rates of CO(2) emission by berries decreased and calculated photosynthetic rates of berries increased with increasing photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) especially at low PPFs (0 to 100 micromol m(-2) s(-1)). The photosynthetic contribution of berries at the bean-filling stage was estimated to be about 30% of their daily respiration costs and 12% of their total carbon requirements at PPF values commonly experienced in the field (200 to 500 micromol m(-2) s(-1)).     

华山松、油松不同叶龄针叶光合特性对林窗式疏伐的响应

[目的]通过对比研究华山松和油松不同叶龄针叶形态、光合速率、叶绿素和叶氮含量对林窗式疏伐的响应,探讨林窗大小、叶龄和树种对林窗式疏伐后叶光合特性响应的影响。[方法]2008年在30年生华山松和油松混交人工林中,设置对照、小林窗(80 m2)和中林窗(110 m2)处理,2013年以对照样地内和林窗边缘华山松和油松为研究对象,测定其当年生、1年生和2年生叶比叶重(LMA)、单位叶面积叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b含量(Chl b)、氮含量(N)、最大净光合速率(Amax)、光合氮利用效率(PNUE)等指标。[结果]小林窗和中林窗疏伐对叶光合特性影响一致,均对当年生叶影响不显著,但显著改变了1年生和2年生叶绿素含量、N和PNUE,提高了其Amax。华山松叶LMA、叶绿素含量、N、Amax均低于油松,两树种多年生叶对林窗式疏伐的响应也明显不同:林窗边缘华山松1年生和2年生叶LMA和N与对照差异不显著,但叶绿素含量低于对照,PNUE和Amax显著高于对照;林窗边缘油松1年生和2年生叶LMA和PNUE与对照差异不显著,但N和Amax显著高于对照。[结论]80 110 m2林窗疏伐显著改变叶光合特性,提高其光合潜力;林窗疏伐影响1年生和2年生叶光合特性,对当年生叶影响不显著;华山松和油松对林窗式疏伐的响应特征存在差异。     

间伐对云南松林分土壤理化性质的影响效应

以昆明市宜良县花园林场云南松中龄林(抚育间伐、未抚育间伐)为研究对象,利用试验测定和定量统计的方法分析了间伐和未间伐土壤层(0～20 cm,20～40 cm,40～60 cm)的理化性质和化学性质,探讨了短期间伐1a对云南松林分土壤理化性质的影响,为云南松丰产高效栽培提供一定的理论依据.结果显示:①抚育间伐和土层深度均...     

Responses of decomposition of green leaves and leaf litter to stand density,N and P additions in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acacia auriculaeformis</Emphasis> stands

The effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and N?+?P additions on the decomposition of green leaves and leaf litter were studied over 2 years using the litterbag technique in Acacia auriculaeformis stands with different densities in southern China. The green leaves and leaf litter were treated with four fertility treatments: control, N addition, P addition and N?+?P addition to test the effect of stand density and fertility on the decomposition of green leaves and leaf litter. The mean percentage of mass remaining (PMR) of green leaves and leaf litter significantly decreased with increasing density. Nitrogen and N?+?P additions had a negative effect on PMR, whereas the addition of P had a positive effect. The rapid decomposition of green leaves was associated with a higher N and P content and a lower N/P ratio, indicating a likely P limitation for A. auriculaeformis stands. Our results imply that stand density associated with canopy openness can impact litter decomposition, and P is an important control factor on litter decomposition in A. auriculaeformis stands.     

广西扁桃适生区土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量特征

为探究广西扁桃适生区土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)生态化学计量特征及其对环境因子的响应,采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,对广西南宁、百色等扁桃适生区的土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)及环境因素进行研究.结果表明,广西扁桃适生区土壤有机质的矿化作用慢,但土壤P表现为净矿化,具有较高的有效性.土壤C︰...     

油茶不同类型枝上叶片特性与产量的关系研究

【目的】给油茶林进行营养诊断,为高效经营生产提供理论依据与实践指导。【方法】选取7年生小果油茶中的‘龙眼茶’和普通油茶中的‘长林166’‘长林18’‘长林4’,测定果实成熟期不同类型枝上叶片养分和部分叶片形态指标等特性分析差异,并探讨其与产量的关系。【结果】1)4种油茶不同类型枝上叶片养分含量均为营养枝叶>结果枝叶;2)同一类型枝上叶片相同养分含量中‘长林166’和‘长林18’养分含量整体比其他两种油茶高,不同养分含量结果枝叶全氮>全磷>全钾,营养枝叶全氮>全钾>全磷;3)4种油茶中不同类型枝上结果枝叶的面积和比叶重比营养枝叶小;4)同一类型枝上的叶面积属‘长林18’的最大,而叶形指数最小;5)‘龙眼茶’不同类型枝上叶片特性与其他3种油茶相比均较低;6)果实产量和不同类型枝上叶片特性具有一定的相关性,包括不同类型枝上叶片全氮和全钾、叶面积和比叶重等,且叶片全氮、叶面积和比叶重都与产量存在极显著的正相关关系。【结论】营养枝叶、结果枝叶与果实间的养分存在积累与转移,可以从不同类型枝上叶片养分含量和形态特征上判断油茶生长的好坏与产量的高低,根据不同树种调整营养枝与结果枝的比例,促进叶片养分高效利用,实现油茶优质丰产。因此研究不同类型枝上叶片特性进一步为提高油茶经济效益奠定基础。     

Effects of thinning on nutrient content pools in two Pinus sylvestris forests in the western Pyrenees

Abstract

Nutrient content [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg)] in needles, branches and stems before (P0, not thinned) and after thinning (P20 and P30, 20% and 30% of basal area removed, respectively) was studied in 37- and 32-year-old Pinus sylvestris L. forests in the western Pyrenees: Garde and Aspurz. Thinning significantly decreased all nutrient pools in P20 and P30 relative to P0 on both sites, but no significant differences were found between P20 and P30 owing to low statistical power. Thinning increased the differences between the two forests for total above-ground content of P and Mg, and for the content of N, P and K in the 1999 needles cohort. The former result was due in part to the higher concentration of P (needles and branches) and Mg (needles) in Garde. Therefore, the importance of needles relative to the other nutrient pools increased for N and P after thinning. This may have resulted from the fact that the removal of dead trees with low needle biomass was greater in Garde than in Aspurz. Based on the percentage of basal area removed, nutrient removal in Garde for P30 was higher than expected, apparently owing to an increase in branch removal relative to P20. These results indicate that effects of thinning on nutrient pools were influenced by differences in stand structure and nutrient tissue concentrations between sites.     

Effects of urea treatment on litter decomposition in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pasania edulis</Emphasis> forest soil

Five kinds of ammonia fungi were observed in a Pasania edulis forest after treatment with 1600g·m^–2 of urea. The number of fungal fruiting bodies decreased with time, and disappeared completely within 6 weeks. The population of cellulose decomposing bacteria also decreased after urea treatment. Urea treatment brought about marked changes in soil pH, redox potential (Eh), and nitrogen content, but no significant changes were observed in carbon content. In this experiment, urea treatment promoted decomposition of branches, but inhibited decomposition of leaves. In urea-treated plots, the decomposition rate of leaves was lower than that of branches, and the decomposition rate of large branches was greater than that of small branches. However, in the control plots, the decomposition rate of leaves was greater than that of branches, and the decomposition rate of large branches was lower than that of small branches. This experiment indicated that litter (branch and leaf) decomposition was dependent on the texture and size of the litter components, and that ammonia fungi and cellulose decomposing bacteria were not closely related to the litter decomposition.