控制光照对陕北白绒山羊体重和绒毛长度的影响研究

 研究控制光照对陕北白绒山羊体重和绒毛长度的影响研究,以期为陕北白绒山羊光控增绒技术的示范推广提供基础参数和理论依据。将52只适繁陕北白绒山羊母羊按照体况、体重相近的原则随机分为对照组和试验组,其中对照组采用自然光照;试验组通过采用专门的光控羊舍将光照控制为7 h;对照组和试验组母羊均自由采食、饮水,常规管理。结果表明：（1）控制光照的试验组母羊体重和平均日增重稍高于对照组,但光照时间对母羊体重和平均日增重并没有显著影响（P>0.05）;（2）试验组母羊绒纤维长度较对照组提高了67.24%,差异显著（P<0.05）。     

陕北白绒山羊体尺、体重和产绒量相关回归分析

为了研究不同年龄段陕北白绒山羊体尺、体重、绒长、毛长和产绒量的最优回归模型,为陕北白绒山羊的选种和培育提供可靠的依据,试验采用相关分析、通径分析和回归分析的方法.结果表明:陕北白绒山羊在4岁时处于最佳生长阶段,产肉和产绒性能最好;产绒量和体尺、体重、毛长、绒长的最优回归模型为Y=0.559X10+0.391X4-0.1...     

陕北白绒山羊年龄与绒毛生产性能的关系

为研究年龄对绒山羊产绒性能的影响,本试验对1～5岁的150只陕北白绒山羊的产绒量、绒长度及绒细度进行统计分析。结果表明：年龄与产绒量及绒毛品质密切相关;周岁羊绒细度最细（14．66±0．99μm）,随年龄的增加羊绒细度变粗,5岁时达到最粗（17．09±0．46μm）;绒长在3岁时较长（7．1±0．51cm）,之后小幅下降至4岁（6．06±1．27cm）后又有增加的趋势,5岁时达到8．75±1．32cm;周岁羊的产绒量最低（572．35±158．06g）,5岁羊绒产量最高（887．5±131．5g）;2～3岁羊的绒纤维直径较细、绒长度居中、产绒量较高。因此,陕北白绒山羊2～3岁时生产性能和绒毛品质处于最佳阶段,可适当增加2～3岁母羊在群体中所占的比例。     

陕北白绒山羊绒纤维细度分析

为进一步提高陕北白绒山羊产绒性能,笔者分析了不同年份陕北白绒山羊绒纤维细度差异和2022年度不同年龄、性别之间陕北白绒山羊的绒纤维细度统计数据。结果显示,榆林市地区2010-2016年陕北白绒山羊的绒纤维平均细度呈现逐年变粗的趋势（15.98～16.58μm）;而2016-2022年陕北白绒山羊的绒纤维平均细度逐年变细（16.58～16.02μm）。对2022年的5024份样品进行检测,结果1周岁羊绒纤维细度最细（公羊15.47±1.62μm、母羊15.47±1.26μm）,随着年龄的增加,羊绒细度逐渐变粗（公羊17.68±0.95μm、母羊16.68±1.08μm）。相比较而言,母羊羊绒细度受年龄限制低于公羊,公羊羊绒细度随着年龄的增加逐渐变粗的趋势更大。本研究详细说明榆林市地区近年羊绒细度变化趋势和不同年龄段、性别对绒纤维细度的影响,以期为进一步提高陕北白绒山羊产绒性能提供参考依据。     

陕北白绒山羊体尺与产绒量的相关回归分析

通过对陕北白绒山羊体尺和产绒量相关回归分析,建立了体尺和产绒量的最优回归模型.结果表明:胸深可以作为预测陕北白绒山羊产绒量和选择的主要体尺指标,陕北山羊体尺-产绒量最优回归模型为=0.323X4.     

不同补饲水平对陕北白绒山羊产绒性能的影响

通过研究不同补饲水平对陕北白绒山羊绒的生长和产绒量的影响,探索陕北白绒山羊在冬春季节枯草期放牧时的补饲方案。试验抽取横山县某羊场同年龄段体重相近健康的陕北白绒山羊成年母羊120只,随机分为四组,每组30只。对照组,每天补饲0.2kg玉米;三个试验组分别每天补饲配合精料0.2、0.3、0.4kg。结果表明,在自然放牧条件下,陕北白绒山羊在冬春枯草季节通过补饲可延长绒毛的快速生长期至12月份,而1月至抓绒前绒毛生长缓慢。试验期内0.2kg组、0.3kg组、0.4kg组绒长的增长量分别较对照组增加了66.45%,67.10%,72.36%,产绒量分别提高了26.75%、29.62%、22.48%,三个试验组绒长度及产绒量均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,各试验组之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。研究表明,成年母羊在冬春季节归牧后,补饲0.2kg配合精料可显著提高绒毛的长度和产绒量,但进一步增加配合精料的补给量,效果并不明显。     

陕北白绒山羊绒纤维物理特性的研究

陕北白绒山羊是经历20多年培育而成的优良品种,具有绒质细而长,且绒色洁白、耐粗饲、适应性强等特点。榆林市榆阳区现养殖优质陕北白绒山羊39.2万只,改良陕北白绒山羊72.34万只,年产羊绒达136.83 t,成年公羊体重42.67 kg,平均产绒量987.6g,成年母羊体重31.23 kg,平均产绒量893.52 g,具有广阔的发展前景和潜力。本研究为了强化陕北白绒山羊资源品种保护,建立细型、超细型品系,全面开展系统的选育工作,研究了陕北白绒山羊绒纤维物理特性,为陕北白绒山羊的选育研究提供科学依据。1研究对象及方法1.1对象选择实验在榆阳区陕北白绒山羊养殖基地的…     

陕北白绒山羊体尺与体重相关回归分析

通过对陕北白绒山羊体尺和体重相关回归分析,建立了体尺和体重的最优回归模型。结果表明:胸围、体长、腰角宽、十字部高、胸深可作为筛选和鉴定陕北白绒山羊的重要体尺指标。陕北白绒山羊体尺-体重最优回归模型为Y=0.407X3+0.293X2+0.137X7+0.153X8+0.098X4。     

陕北白绒山羊皮肤毛囊形态结构及其特征参数与产绒性状的相关性分析

试验旨在研究陕北白绒山羊皮肤毛囊结构及其特征参数与产绒性状间的相关性,为绒山羊绒毛生长的分子调控机理研究及皮肤毛囊性状在绒山羊选育中的应用提供参考。通过制作陕北白绒山羊皮肤组织切片,用显微照相系统观察皮肤毛囊形态特征,统计分析皮肤和毛囊的特征参数,并用SPSS 17.0软件分析特征参数与产绒性状各指标的相关性。结果显示,陕北白绒山羊毛囊成群分布且以三元型毛囊群为主,占总毛囊群的85.80%;产绒量与体重、绒长度、S/P值、次级毛球宽度均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与次级毛囊密度呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,与表皮厚度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）;绒长度与产绒量、次级毛球宽度均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与体重、S/P值、次级毛囊直径均呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,与表皮厚度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）;绒细度与S/P值呈显著负相关（P<0.05）;S/P值影响绒细度,而体重、绒长度、S/P值、次级毛囊密度（绒密度）显著影响产绒量（P<0.05）。综合分析认为,S/P值可以作为陕北白绒山羊选种工作中的一个重要性状指标,在育种工作中选择高S/P值个体,不仅能够提高产绒量,而且能够提高绒长度、降低绒细度,解决产绒量和绒品质同时提高的矛盾。     

超细型绒山羊育种核心群主要表型性状相关性分析

以内蒙古白绒山羊种羊场、阿拉善白绒山羊种羊场和阿拉善右旗白绒山羊育种基地3个超细育种核心群379只2岁母羊为研究对象,对主要表型性状(体尺性状和绒毛性状)进行分析。结果表明,3个育种核心群间体尺和绒毛性状间存在一定的差异性,平均绒细度均在13.99μm以下,绒伸直长度之间差异均显著(P0.05),且阿拉善右旗绒山羊育种基地(7.90 cm)内蒙古白绒山羊种羊场(7.53 cm)阿拉善白绒山羊种羊场(6.59 cm);绒细度和绒伸直长度呈显著负相关(P0.05),绒厚度与绒伸直长度、绒产量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),抓绒后体重与体长、胸围呈极显著正相关(P0.01);绒山羊各性状对产绒量的回归方程为Y_1=44.99+43.26X_2+2.80X_6,各性状对抓绒后体重的回归方程为Y_2=5.48+0.19X_5+0.09X_6。     

内蒙古白绒山羊抓绒性状变化规律的研究

试验参考内蒙古白绒山羊2003~2011年的生产性能记录,并对产绒量和抓绒后体重之间的关系进行了分析与讨论,研究中利用Excel和SAS程序整理数据。产绒量在2004、2008、2009、2011年呈明显降低趋势,而抓绒后体重增加。随年龄变化,4岁之前产绒量逐渐增加,4岁以后开始下降但仍有极少数羊的产绒量存在不同程度增加;抓绒后体重随着年龄增长而增加。在不考虑年份环境因素的影响下,产绒量与抓绒后体重4岁之前随年龄变化趋势一致,但随产绒量增加,抓绒后体重出现增加幅度变小的趋势;反之,随抓绒后体重增加,产绒量出现增加减缓趋势。而4岁以后,随产绒量增加,抓绒后体重降低;反之,随抓绒后体重增加,产绒量降低。表明在绒山羊生长后期产绒量和抓绒后体重之间存在一定的竞争作用。     

埋植外源褪黑激素对不同年龄内蒙古绒山羊产绒性能的影响

为研究非长绒期埋植外源褪黑激素对不同年龄内蒙古绒山羊产绒性能的影响,本试验选择2～6岁能繁母羊150只,每个年龄段根据产绒量和体重将母羊随机分为对照组和试验组,试验组于2014年4月30日和6月30日埋植2 mg/kg BW褪黑激素于耳部皮下。自埋植开始至试验结束(2015年4月底抓绒),逐月观察山羊绒生长情况,并于抓绒时采集绒样,分析埋植对山羊绒生长的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组所有年龄段山羊绒产量和绒长度均显著提高,绒细度显著降低(P<0.05),其中5岁埋植组山羊的产绒量提高幅度和细度下降幅度最大,分别达到28.75%、4.94%,6岁埋植组山羊绒长度增加幅度最大,为29.27%。综上,不同年龄内蒙古绒山羊埋植外源褪黑激素均有促进山羊绒生长和提高产量作用,但不同年龄绒山羊增产效果不一致,并且褪黑激素对于提高内蒙古绒山羊后期的生产力作用更大。     

The induction of cashmere shedding via cyclophosphamide injection

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cyclophosphamide (CPA) on cashmere shedding in cashmere goats. Thirty‐two castrated Liaoning cashmere goats were randomly allotted to four groups, with eight replicates in each group. The four groups were injected intravenously with CPA doses of 0, 15, 20 and 25   mg/kg body weight, respectively. Feed intake, body weight, body temperature, and sphygmus were recorded and the erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, hemoglobin content, and cashmere yield and length were determined. CPA has no significant effect on feed intake, body weight, body temperature, or sphygmus of cashmere goats. It was found that CPA significantly decreased the erythrocyte count and hemoglobin content in cashmere goats on the days immediately following injection, but the effects on erythrocytes diminished within 6 days, with hemoglobin content returning to normal within 10 days. Cashmere fiber began to shed on about day 10 after injection with CPA. CPA had no significant effect on cashmere length but significantly increased cashmere yield. The results indicate that CPA can induce cashmere shedding and achieve the purpose of concentrated defleecing. A dose of 20 mg/kg body weight is preferable for hair removal and regrowth in cashmere goats.     

陇东绒山羊新品种培育的研究

引入辽宁绒山羊杂交改良陇东黑山羊，经过省市县科技人员30余年的联合攻关和科学研究，培育出陇东绒山羊新品种，数量达22162只，其产绒量公、母羊分别为562．50±103．21g和440．4±83．24g，比同龄陇东黑山羊分别增绒397．5g和304．4g，差异极显著（P〈0．01）；比同龄辽陇杂种公母羊分别增绒155．15g和176．08g，差异显著（P〈0．05）；羊绒细度公母羊分别为14．82um和14．89um；羊绒伸直长度分别为87．36mm和81．09mm；强度3．89g；伸度41．14％；含绒率47．46％。符合国际羊绒精纺要求和同类纤维理想水平。     

河西绒山羊绒毛生长的季节性变化规律及其与生长激素关系的研究

随机选择6月龄、平均体重15.21 kg±0.61 kg的河西白绒山羊20只(公母各半),从5月份脱绒后开始对试验羊按月连续12个月采集血样和绒毛样品。用放射免疫法测定绒山羊血清生长激素(GH)浓度,用手排长度法测定各月绒毛生长长度。结果:①河西绒山羊绒毛在6月和7月开始萌发,生长期为8、9、10、11、12月五个月;8月份为生长高峰期,占其全年总生长量的31.5%;生长量从8—12月份呈线性下降趋势,至元月份停止生长,呈慢—快—慢增长模式。②河西绒山羊血清GH浓度呈现明显的季节性变化规律;经相关性分析,绒毛生长速度与血清GH浓度水平呈极显著正相关(r=0.81,P<0.01);性别对血清GH浓度没有影响。GH浓度对绒毛生长可能有促进作用。     

Effect of Light Controlling and Ventilation Design on Cashmere Growth and Ammonia Concentration of Cashmere Goat

This research was conducted to investigate the effect of light controlling and ventilation design on cashmere growth and ammonia concentration of cashmere goat,which would provide theoretical basis for high efficient and ecological feeding of cashmere goat during the cashmere non-growing period.A total of 56 non-pregnant Shaanbei White cashmere goat with similar age,weight and parity were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups.Group I was received natural light,group Ⅱ was received controlling (illumination at 09:30 to 16:30,and light control at 16:30 to 09:30 of next day),and group Ⅲ was received same light condition except for additional 15% concentrate feed supplemented.Different ventilation schemes of goat house under the light-controlled condition were set and cashmere wool growth traits and barn NH₃ concentrations were determined.The results showed that illumination condition had no significant effects on body weight of Shaanbei White cashmere goat (P>0.05),but average daily gain of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲwere slightly higher than group Ⅰ.Compared with group Ⅰ,the fluff mixtures weight of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),the fluff ratio were significantly increased (P<0.05),and the weight of cashmere wool,which were increased by 68.40% and 78.78%,respectively,were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).Less illumination resulted in longer cashmere fiber stretched length,while it caused an increasing fiber fineness of cashmere by increasing illumination.No significant differences were observed between groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P>0.05).Under light-controlled conditions,using four mechanical ventilators during non-light controlled time (09:30 to 16:30) could significantly reduce the concentration of NH₃ (P<0.05).The results indicated that light controlling could increase cashmere production during the cashmere non-growing period of cashmere goat,however,less nutrients intake should be done to prevent the increasing of fiber diameter.Proper ventilation and clearance rate should be considered to keep air quality and goat health according to feeding density and house space.     

二郎山绒山羊体尺、绒毛性状与经济性状的相关及回归分析

为研究内蒙古二郎山绒山羊体尺、绒毛性状与经济性状间的相关关系,选取1 000只3岁成年母羊进行生产性能测定,并利用SAS 9.0和Excel 2003软件进行统计分析。结果表明,二郎山绒山羊体尺、绒毛性状中体高(X₁)、体斜长(X₂)、胸围(X₃)与体重(Y)之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),最优回归方程为Y=-12.0856+0.0821X₁+0.4053X₂+0.1624X₃,回归方程的截距和3个偏回归系数都达到了极显著的程度(P<0.01),说明该方程是最优回归方程。胸围对体重的影响最大,而体高、体斜长和绒细度主要通过胸围对体重产生影响;体高对产绒量的影响最大,其次为绒厚度,但是就体高、体斜长、胸围、绒细度、绒厚度、毛长与产绒量之间并未找到最优回归方程。表明二郎山绒山羊体尺、绒毛性状与经济性状之间存在着复杂的内在联系。     

Correlation and Regression Analysis of Body Size,Cashmere Traits and Economic Traits in Erlangshan Cashmere Goat

To study the correlation and regression analysis of body size, cashmere traits and economic traits in Inner Mongolia Erlangshan cashmere goat, we selected the 1 000 3-year-old ewe and carried out production performance measurement, and using SAS 9.0 and Excel 2003 softwares for statistical analysis.The results indicated that a significant positive correlation of body height(X₁), body length(X₂), heart girth(X₃) and weight(Y)in Erlangshan goat.Regression model was Y=-12.0856+0.0821X₁+0.4053X₂+0.1624X₃.The intercept and three partial regression coefficient had reached a very significant extent (P<0.01), and indicating the equation was the optimal regression equation.The heart girth was the biggest influence on body weight, and the body height, body length and cashmere fineness impacted on body weight through the heart girth.The body height was biggest influence on cashmere yield and cashmere thickness for the second.We did not find optimal regression model between body height, body length, heart girth, cashmere fineness, cashmere thickness, hair long and cashmere yield.These results indicated the presence of complex intrinsic link between body size, cashmere traits and economic traits in Erlangshan cashmere goat.