论生态条件与超高产制种的关系

湖南省的籼型杂交水稻三系制种,呈现出季别性与地域性两大特征。亲本生物学特性在最佳生态条件下充分表现,是构成两大特征的主导因子。充分认识到生态条件与超高产制种的关系,可为杂交稻制种新体制的建立,提供理论与决策依据。     

休眠与水稻成熟胚细胞脱分化间的关系

 本文阐明了水稻种子休眠与脱分化的关系,成熟度越低(休眠度愈高),其愈伤组织诱导率越高。在种子收获后立即在55℃高温连续处理4天,强制性打破休眠,能显著提高愈伤组织诱导率;另外,在诱导培养基中附加适量的 ABA(脱落酸)也可明显地提高水稻成熟胚的培养力。这可能与外植体内源激素含量变化有关。     

杂交稻新品种秋优125亲本特征特性及制种技术

秋优125是南平市农科所用湖南省农科院选育的不育系秋香A与自育恢复系南恢125配组而成的籼型杂交晚稻品种,具有丰产性好、熟期适中、熟期转色好等特点,2010年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定。介绍了秋优125双亲的特征特性及高产制种技术。     

黔引迷迭香主要酚类成分分析及抗氧化活性比较

采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对 4 种黔引迷迭香的多酚成分进行定性和定量分析,并利用 DPPH、ABTS自由基清除能力和铁离子还原能力（FRAP）3 种方法评价多酚成分的抗氧化能力。结果显示 4 种材料均富含类黄酮、酚酸和二萜酚等多酚类化合物,总酚含量介于 4 345.5~5 673.0 mg/100 g 。其中槲皮素、迷迭香酸、阿魏酸、绿原酸和鼠尾草酸是迷迭香最主要的酚类物质。黔引迷迭香 4 号的抗氧化活性最高,利用 DPPH、ABTS 和 FRAP等 3 种方法检测的结果依次为 184.4、290.0、155.6 μmol/g。相关性分析表明,总酚与总抗氧化活性能力显著相关,迷迭香酸对总抗氧化活性能力贡献最大,其次为鼠尾草酸、槲皮素和水杨酸。本研究对于了解黔引迷迭香抗氧化活性成分,以及资源的进一步开发利用具有重要指导意义。     

水稻种子脂氧合酶基因OsLOX1的原核表达、纯化及鉴定

脂氧合酶是动植物体内催化脂质降解的关键酶,也是茉莉酸合成途径的第一个关键酶。以先前克隆到的水稻种子脂氧合酶基因OsLOX1全长cDNA为模板,用含有特异酶切位点的P1、P2为引物,通过PCR方法将它构建到大肠杆菌表达载体pET30a(+)上并转化到大肠杆菌菌株BL21（DE3）中,获得相应的重组工程菌。经过20℃条件下的IPTG诱导,OsLOX1重组蛋白在BL21（DE3）菌株中得到表达,经生化特性分析,发现该重组蛋白具有LOX催化活性,其最适pH和温度分别为4.8和30℃。该重组子可进一步应用于体外生产茉莉酸和研究植物种子LOX结构与功能的关系。     

水稻种子萌发过程中降解半乳甘露聚糖的三个酶活性的动态变化

为了研究在种子萌发过程中与细胞壁半乳甘露聚糖降解相关的 β 甘露聚糖酶、 β 甘露糖苷酶和 α 半乳糖苷酶之间的关系,对水稻种子萌发过程中这3种酶的活性变化及GA3和ABA对酶活性的影响进行了研究。在干种子和萌发前的种子中β 甘露糖苷酶和 α 半乳糖苷酶活性就已经存在,而β 甘露聚糖酶活性只在萌发后才能检测到;3种酶活性均随着萌发进程而增加;GA3对β 甘露聚糖酶和 α 半乳糖苷酶活性具有一定的促进作用。ABA对β 甘露糖苷酶和 α 半乳糖苷酶活性的影响不明显,但却可以明显抑制β 甘露聚糖酶活性。     

水稻种子蛋白质的组成和积累形态对稻米品质的影响

设置水培试验对'16-17'(谷蛋白前体聚合物明显,含量高)和'16-20'(谷蛋白前体聚合物不明显,含量低)分别进行CK(氮2800μmol/L,硫80μmol/L)、N(氮3640μmol/L,硫80μmol/L)、S(氮2800μmol/L,硫260μmol/L)、N+S(氮3640μmol/L,硫260μmol...     

Effects of Cadmium Stress on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Seed Amylase Activities in Rice (Oryza sativa)

Two rice varieties, Xiushui 110 with high cadmium (Cd) tolerance and Xiushui 11 with low Cd tolerance were used to study the effects of Cd stress on seed germination, seedling growth and amylase activities. The low cadmium concentration had little effect on seed germination rate. However, cadmium stress could significantly inhibit plumule and radicle growth, especially for radicle growth. Germination index, vigour index, radicle length and amylase activities of Xiushui 11 decreased more significantly with the increasing cadmium level compared with Xiushui 110. The cadmium content in seedlings of Xiushui 11 was higher than that in Xiushui 110 when the cadmium concentration exceeded 5 μmol/L, which caused lower mitotic index in root tips and amylase activities, and more serious cadmium toxicity in Xiushui 11.     

杂交水稻烟后制种关键技术与应用

"烟叶—杂交稻制种"耕作模式是福建省泰宁县春烟种植区农户增收的主要措施,制种产量高、种子质量优,比单季制种和连晚制种具有明显的优势。把握好烟后制种的关键环节和注意事项,探寻烟后制种技术措施,可最终实现烟后制种的优质高产高效。     

Prokaryotic Expression, Purification and Characterization of a Novel Rice Seed Lipoxygenase Gene OsLOX1

Lipoxygenase (LOX, EC1.13.11.12) is a key enzyme during the degradation of lipids in animals and even plants, and also the first key enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of jasmonate. To purify and characterize the OsLOX1 gene from rice seeds, the entire coding region of the OsLOX1 gene was inserted into an expression vector pET30a(+) and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Expression of the fusion protein was successfully induced by isopropyl-β-D- thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and the purified ...     

Selenium Accumulation and Antioxidant Status of Rice Plants Grown on Seleniferous Soil from Northwestern India

Greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate selenium accumulation and its antioxidant response in two rice varieties(PR116 and Pusa Basmati 1121) grown on normal and seleniferous soils. The plant growth was reduced at early developmental stages and flowering was delayed by a period of 10 d on seleniferous soil. Selenium accumulation increased by 3–20 and 13–14 folds in leaves, 18 and 3 folds in grains from Pusa Basmati 1121 and PR116 varieties, respectively. Selenium accumulation in leaves from rice plants grown on seleniferous soil resulted in significant increase in chlorophyll content, hydrogen peroxide, proline, free amino acids, total phenol and tannin contents. Lipid peroxidation levels and peroxidase activities in leaves increased whereas catalase activity showed a reverse trend. It is concluded that selenium accumulation decreased dry matter content in rice during crop development but these plants were able to combat selenium toxicity by inducing alterations in their defense system.     

Characterization of Agro-diversity by Seed Storage Protein Electrophoresis： Focus on Rice Germplasm from Uttarakhand Himalaya, India

The characteristics of 48 rice varieties from Uttarakhand Himalaya,India were detected by morphological and biochemical markers.The grains of the selected rice varieties varied in their morphological(grain length,grain width and grain weight)and biochemical characters(sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE).Based on the presence of 70,65,60,57,37-39,22-23,13 and 10 kDa protein bands in the 48 rice varieties,seven types of profiles were identified.An unweighted pair group average ...     

Prokaryotic Expression,Purification and Characterization of a Novel Rice Seed L.ipoxygenase Gene OsLOX1

Lipoxygenase （LOX, EC1.13.11.12） is a key enzyme during the degradation of lipids in animals and even plants, and also the first key enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of jasmonate. To purify and characterize the OsLOX1 gene from rice seeds, the entire coding region of the OsLOX1 gene was inserted into an expression vector pET30a（＋） and transformed into Escherichia coil BL21 （DE3）. Expression of the fusion protein was successfully induced by isopropyl-β-D- thiogalactopyranoside （IPTG） and the purified recombinant protein was obtained by His.Bind Kits. Further assay showed that the purified recombinant protein exhibited the LOX activity. The optimum pH was 4.8 （acetate buffer） and the optimum temperature was 30℃ for the above enzyme. Thus, the recombinant might confer an available usage for the synthesis of jasmonate in vitro, and also provides a possibility for elucidating the inter-relationship between the primary structure of the plant seed lipoxygenase protein and its physiological functions.     

杂交中粳9优138亲本特征特性及高产制种技术

：论述了杂交中粳９优１３８亲本的生育特性、形态特征、育性、开花习性及对肥水的反应等主要特征特性。高产制种主要技术措施有：适期早播早栽,确定双亲适宜播差期,建立高质量制种群体,合理施肥及有效的花期调节、辅助授粉等。     

Temporal Dynamics of Antioxidant Defence System in Relation to Polyamine Catabolism in Rice under Direct-Seeded and Transplanted Conditions

Six rice cultivars viz. PR120, PR116, Feng Ai Zan, PR115, PAU201 and Punjab Mehak 1 under the direct-seeded and transplanted conditions were used to investigate the involvement of antioxidative defence system in relation to polyamine catabolism in temporal regulation of developing grains. Activities of ascorbate peroxidase(APx), guaiacol peroxidase(GPx), catalase(CAT), superoxide dismutase(SOD), polyamine oxidases(PAO) and contents of ascorbate, α-tocopherol, proline and polyamines increased gradually until mid-milky stage and then declined towards maturity stage under both planting conditions. The transplanted condition led to higher activities of antioxidative enzymes(APx, GPx and CAT) and contents of ascorbate, α-tocopherol and proline whereas the direct-seeded condition had elevated levels of PAO and SOD activities and contents of polyamines, lipid peroxide and hydrogen peroxide. Cultivars Feng Ai Zan and PR120 exhibited superior tolerance over other cultivars by accumulating higher contents of ascorbate, α-tocopherol and proline with increasing level of PAO and SOD activities under the direct-seeded condition. However, under the transplanted condition PR116 and PAU201 showed higher activities of antioxidative enzymes with decreasing content of lipid peroxide. Therefore, we concluded that under the direct-seeded condition, enhancements of polyamines content and PAO activity enabled rice cultivars more tolerant to oxidative stress, while under the transplanted condition, antioxidative defence with decreasing of lipid peroxide content was closely associated with the protection of grains by maintaining membrane integrity during rice grain filling. The results indicated that temporal dynamics of H2O2 metabolic machinery was strongly up-regulated especially at the mid-milky stage.     

外源钙对镍胁迫下水稻幼苗抗氧化酶活性及膜脂过氧化的影响

研究了外源钙（Ca2+）对镍胁迫下水稻叶片组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）的活性、H2O2和丙二醛（MDA）含量以及质膜电解质渗透的影响,以探讨钙缓解植物镍毒性的生理机制。0.1 mmol/L镍（Ni2+）胁迫下水稻叶片组织SOD、CAT和APX活性明显下降,POD活性明显上升,H2O2和MDA含量、电解质渗漏率显著增大,说明镍诱导了细胞发生明显的氧化损伤和膜脂过氧化;钙提高了镍胁迫下叶片组织中SOD、CAT、POD和APX活性,显著降低了H2O2、MDA含量和电解质渗漏率,且10 mmol/L Ca2+处理的抗氧化酶活性上升的程度和H2O2、MDA含量和电解质渗漏率下降的程度比5 mmol/L Ca2+处理的大。提示钙通过促进镍胁迫下水稻叶片组织抗氧化酶活性,增强活性氧清除能力,维持细胞膜结构的稳定,是钙减轻镍对水稻毒性的生理机制之一。     

杂交水稻种子特征特性研究

杂交水稻Ｆ１和不育系虽然在种性上分别具有杂种优势和不育特性，但就种子而言，其特征特性劣于常规水稻种子。主要表现为裂颖、穗发芽及带病种子的百分率较高。种子颖壳闭合不好的主要原因是不育系颖花内的浆片和小穗轴的维管束发育不良。种子的穗发芽率与“九二０”的施用量呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．８６４０＊）。不育系的开花习性有利于种子感病。研究表明，裂颖、穗发芽和感病种子的耐贮性明显较正常的健壮种子差。在贮藏期间，种子的生活力与活力容易下降。因此，在种子生产中要控制这些种子的发生率；种子收获后要及时干燥、清选和处理。     

杂交水稻机械化制种现状与技术突破

杂交水稻为保障我国乃至世界粮食安全做出了重大贡献。目前我国杂交水稻种植面积呈下降趋势,究其原因,主要是较高的用种成本限制了其可持续发展。传统的杂交水稻种子生产方式已难以满足当前水稻轻简化栽培的需求,实现杂交水稻种子由劳动密集型生产方式向机械化生产方式转型是降低制种成本的一条理想途径。本文对杂交水稻机械化制种的研究进展进行了综述,分析了杂交水稻机械化制种面临的难题,结合多年的研究实践,提出了解决杂交水稻机械化制种难题的技术途径,并对杂交水稻机械化制种的发展前景进行了展望。     

Characterization of Novel Selected Microalgae for Antioxidant Activity and Polyphenols,Amino Acids,and Carbohydrates

The biochemical composition of three novel selected microalgae strains (Chlorophyta) was evaluated to confirm their potential possibilities as new sustainably produced biomass with nutritional, functional, and/or biomedical properties. Extracts from cultured Pseudopediastrum boryanum, Chloromonas cf. reticulata, and Chloroidium saccharophilum exhibited higher radical scavenging activity of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) when compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), but lower than butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Total phenolic compounds and amino acids were determined by newly developed RP-HPLC methods. Total phenolic contents, as µg g⁻¹ of dry biomass, reached 27.1 for C. cf. reticulata, 26.4 for P. boryanum, and 55.8 for C. saccharophilum. Percentages of total analysed amino acids were 24.3, 32.1, and 18.5% of dry biomass, respectively, presenting high values for essential amino acids reaching 54.1, 72.6, and 61.2%, respectively. Glutamic acid was the most abundant free amino acid in all microalgae samples, followed by proline and lysine in C. saccharophilum and P. boryanum, and methionine and lysine in C. reticulata. Soluble carbohydrates in aqueous extracts ranged from 39.6 for C. saccharophilum to 49.3% for C. reticulata, increasing values to 45.1 for C. saccharophilum and 52.7% for P. boryanum in acid hydrolysates of dried biomass. Results confirmed the potential possibilities of these microalgae strains.