球虫散防治鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫病试验

本试验观察了中药制剂球虫散分别以0.5%、1%和2%添加于饲料中的抗鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫效力,结果发现将球虫散按1%以上添加于饲料中其抗球虫指数达到180以上,具有高效抗球虫作用,由于中药具有毒性低、残留少等优点,在防治鸡球虫病方面具有很好的应用前景。     

球虫散防治鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫病试验

试验观察了中药制剂球虫散分别以0．5％、1％和2％添加于饲料中的抗鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫效力，结果发现将球虫散按1％以上添加于饲料中其抗球虫指数达到180以上，具有高效抗球虫作用。由于中药具有毒性低、残留少等优点，在防治鸡球虫病方面具有很好的应用前景。     

中药"球康"微粉制剂对鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫病的防治试验

鸡球虫病是养鸡业中危害最严重的疾病之一。目前，对该病的防制主要有疫苗的免疫接种和药物防治两种方法。前者因有不少关键环节尚待解决且疫苗预防风险。陀较高，在我国难以广泛应用。因此，药物防治仍是当前控制球虫病的主要手段。化学药物防治球虫病易产生抗药虫株和有害残留等，中草药因其毒副作用小、不易产生耐药性和残留越来越受人们的重视。本课题组经多次试验，筛选出抗球虫效果良好的中药复方制剂“球康”。为了探求“球康”的给药日龄和给药剂量，进行人工感染鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫的防治试验，现将试验结果报道如下。     

鸡柔嫩和巨形艾美尔球虫混合感染试验

鸡柔嫩和巨形艾美尔球虫混合感染试验陶建平符敖齐（扬州大学农学院动医系扬州２２５００９鸡球虫病的病原体有９种,对鸡的致病性不同,其中柔嫩艾美尔球虫的致病性最强,巨形艾美尔球虫的致病性中等,这些已有许多学者进行了广泛的研究,但这两种球虫混合感染的致病性研...     

球必治防治鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫病试验

本试验观察了球必治饮水剂以３０００,５０００和７０００倍稀释,让鸡自然饮用的抗鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫效力,结果发现将球必治饮水剂按５０００倍稀释分别于鸡感染球虫前２天和感染后１天给药的抗球虫指数均在２００以上,说明其对鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫病有很好的预防和治疗作用,是较好的抗球虫药,值得推广。     

中药复方对鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫病的疗效观察

通过人工感染预防试验和治疗试验,对由常山、青蒿等5种中草药按特定配比组成的中药复方的抗球虫效果进行了试验观察。试验结果表明,以常山和青蒿为主药的该中药复方对柔嫩艾美耳球虫在预防和治疗上均有较好的效果。     

抗球虫中药方剂对柔嫩艾美尔球虫感染鸡的疗效研究

为研究中药方剂对鸡感染柔嫩艾美尔球虫的疗效,试验将80只AA肉鸡随机分为4组,除空白对照外,其余各组经口感染混合孢子化球虫卵囊;第3组按5%剂量拌料添加中药,第4组按0.06%的比例拌料添加磺胺氯吡嗪钠。试验中药方剂抗球虫指数(ACI)为167.4,属中效抗球虫药。结果表明,该中药方剂可以用于鸡球虫病的防治。     

中药抗柔嫩艾美尔球虫机制研究

根据中兽医理论和鸡球虫病的特点，用纯中药组方，经组方药效筛选试验，选用抗球虫效果最佳的组方进行抗球虫机制研究，结果表明，所选中药组方具有明显的抑制未孢子化柔嫩艾美尔球虫卵囊的成熟，对孢子化孵囊具有杀灭作用，并且使外周血液中淋巴细胞尤其是Ｔ淋巴细胞增多，提高免疫器官中Ｔ和Ｂ淋巴细胞的数量和活性，从而提高机体的免疫能力，证明了该组具有高效抗球虫效果。     

中草药制剂防制鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫病的效果研究

鸡球虫病是影响养鸡生产的重要寄生虫病，试验采用单味钩藤和以钩藤为主的中草药复方制剂进行抗球虫病的疗效试验。按给药剂量分为9组，每组10羽，1、2、3组给药剂量分别为0．5ml、1．0ml、1．5ml的单味钩藤中药组，4、5、6组则以钩藤为主的中草药复方制剂组及地克珠利组、感染不给药组和不感染不给药组。结果表明，单味钩藤中药1、2、3组和以钩藤为主的中草药复方制剂4、5、6组、地克珠利组的抗球虫指数（ACI）分别为177．1、181．4、182．1；179．9、182．4、188．5；185．4，单味钩藤中药1组和以钩藤为主的中草药复方制剂4组为轻度抗荮陛，其余均为敏感。结果表明，钩藤对抗鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫具有显著疗效。由于中草药具有毒性低，使用安全、残留少等优点，在防制鸡球虫病方面具有良好的应用前景。     

常山提取物对人工感染鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病疗效的观察

为了探讨常山提取物对鸡球虫病的治疗效果,通过人工感染鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫后在饲料中添加一定比例的药物,试验设常山提取物组(分别为200、100、50 mg/kg饲料)、鸡球虫散组(300 mg/kg饲料)、地克珠利组(1 mg/kg饲料)、感染对照组和健康对照组.结果显示,与感染对照组比较,所有给药组试验鸡盲肠和十二指肠肿胀明显减轻,血液性内容物明显减少,抗球虫指数分别为171.98、169.18、169.01、163.84和166.74,均达到中等抗球虫水平.结果表明,常山提取物具有良好的抗球虫效果,且作为一类中药组分,具有绿色环保、低毒低残留的特点,有望成为新型抗球虫药物.     

Circulating prolactin concentrations in chickens infected with Eimeria tenella

50000 oocysts of Eimeria tenella were inoculated into three-week-old cockerels and the effect of the infection (coccidiosis) on circulating concentrations of glucose, prolactin, sodium, potassium and haematocrit was determined. At day 5 of infection haematocrit was reduced and glucose was increased. From day 7 onwards prolactin concentration was elevated in infected birds compared with control and pair-fed birds. Plasma electrolytes were unchanged. It appears likely that loss of water resulting in osmotic changes during infection is the major reason for the observed changes in prolactin concentration in infected cockerels.     

常陆合剂对人工感染鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫的疗效观察

为研究常陆合剂对鸡球虫病的防治效果,采用以1×10~5个/mL浓度,对14日龄蛋公雏经口感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊液进行模型制备,并与攻虫当天开始饮水给药,试验组按体积百分比分为常陆合剂高(1%)、中(0.75%)、低(0.5%)剂量组,地克珠利组(0.02%),不给药攻虫组及不给药不攻虫组,试验周期9 d。结果显示:与不给药攻虫组相比较,所有给药组的鸡盲肠病变形态及病变计分明显下降;所有给药组的鸡存活率均高于不给药攻虫组;所有给药组的相对增重率均高于不给药攻虫组;各组抗球虫指数(ACI)值分别为常陆合剂高剂量组177.33、常陆合剂中剂量组164.57、常陆合剂低剂量组161.14、地克珠利组178.41,均达到中等效力抗球虫药物水平;22日龄,不给药攻虫组的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)值显著高于常陆合剂各剂量组、地克珠利组及不给药不攻虫组(P0.05),而白蛋白(ALB)、总蛋白(TP)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)等指标均显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。结果表明,常陆合剂作为一种纯中药抗球虫制剂具有良好的抗球虫效果,值得进一步深入研究。     

Kinetics of interleukin-2 production in chickens infected with Eimeria tenella

Interleukin (IL)-2 is a major cytokine of cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Because chickens infected with Eimeria, the causative agent of coccidiosis, develop a robust cell-mediated response against the parasite, we measured IL-2 concentrations in vivo and in vitro during the course of primary and secondary experimental Eimeria tenella infections. IL-2 levels in serum and culture supernatants of spleen lymphocytes stimulated with mitogen or E. tenella sporozoites were significantly increased on day 7 post-primary infection compared with control group. This peak in IL-2 coincided with the time of maximum intestinal lesions as measured by cecum lesion scores. By contrast, during secondary infection highest IL-2 concentrations preceded intestinal lesions by 5 days (day 2 versus day 7, respectively). These results confirmed that IL-2 production is augmented during experimental coccidiosis and suggested that cellular immunity elicited during an anamnestic response to parasite reinfection is mediated, at least in part, by IL-2.     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫（Eimeria tenella）感染鸡IgG生成细胞及血清IgG变化

利用免疫组化技术和Dot-ELISA，分别检测了雏鸡初次感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫（E.tenella)后，盲肠局部和免疫器官中IgG生成细胞数的动态变化、循环血液中特异性IgG水平的动态变化、雏鸡母源抗体的动态变化以及不同抗体水平雏鸡的抗球虫能力。结果表明，（1）感染后2-3d，盲肠粘膜、脾脏、法氏囊、肓肠扁桃体中的IgG生成细胞即开始增殖，9-12d达峰值，随后开始下降，盲肠扁桃体中IgG生成细胞数在22d时仍高于对照组；（2）感染后6d即可在循环血液中检测到特异性IgG，18d达峰值，30d降至感染后7d时的水平；（3）特异性母源抗体IgG水平高的雏鸡，抗球虫能力高，二者呈明显的正相关。     

Interleukin-2 production in SC and TK chickens infected with Eimeria tenella

SC and TK inbred chicken strains display differential protective immunity to coccidiosis, SC being more resistant and TK susceptible to disease. In this study, the association between interleukin (IL)-2 and disease phenotype was assessed by cytokine quantification in serum, duodenum, cecum, and spleen cell cultures of SC and TK chickens experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella. In general, after primary infection, SC and TK strains produced equivalent amounts of IL-2 in all sources examined. However, after secondary infection, SC animals displayed significantly greater IL-2 levels in serum and the duodenum compared with strain TK. IL-2 production after reinfection with Eimeria may be an important factor contributing to the genetic differences in coccidiosis between SC and TK chickens and provides a rational foundation for cytokine-based immunotherapeutic approaches to disease control strategies.     

Possibilities of bacteremia and toxemia in death of chickens infected with Eimeria tenella

The possibility that bacteremia and toxemia were the causes of death in cases of cecal coccidiosis was investigated. Germ-free and ordinary chickens with microflora were inoculated with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella. At 5 days postinoculation, cecal lesions in ordinary chickens were more severe than those in germ-free ones. Cardiac blood, spleen, and liver were examined in ordinary chickens for bacteremia and endotoxemia, and small numbers of bacteria were recovered from both infected and uninfected birds. Endotoxin levels in plasma of E. tenella-infected birds were low and not different from the levels of uninfected controls. To examine unknown toxic factors, a large volume of serum from infected chickens was injected intravenously into uninfected birds. No significant clinical signs were observed. It is concluded that the intestinal bacteria increase the severity of coccidial lesions without bacteremia and toxemia.     

Energy and nitrogen metabolism of chickens infected with either Eimeria acervulina or Eimeria tenella.

1. The effects of sublethal infections of E. acervulina and E. tenella on the energy and nitrogen metabolism of groups of five broilers aged 16 d were studied for 16 d in respiration chambers. 2. The metabolisable energy content of the diet for chickens infected with E. acervulina was 0.689 of its gross energy content and N retention was 42.5 g/100 g N intake compared with 0.738 and 47.1 g respectively, in uninfected pair-fed controls. Chickens infected with E. tenella were similarly affected. 3. Efficiency of utilisation of ME by chickens infected with E. acervulina was 0.43 during the first 8 d after infection, and 0.52 during the second 8 d compared with an overall efficiency by non-infected chickens fed ad libitum of 0.73. Maintenance energy requirement of infected chickens was higher during the first 8 d after infection than during the second 8-d period. 4. Body composition measurements showed that of the total gain in weight of chickens infected with E. acervulina, only 7.5 g/kg gain was fat and 213 g/kg was protein compared with 45 g and 210 g respectively for non infected chickens fed ad libitum. 5. E. acervulina and E. tenella infections reduced the apparent digestibility of total mineral, calcium and phosphorus.     

常山提取物对人工感染鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫病的疗效观察

为探讨常山提取物对鸡球虫病的治疗效果,通过人工感染15日龄鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫后在饲料中添加一定比例的药物,试验设常山提取物组(分别为200,100,50 mg/kg饲料)、鸡球虫散组(300mg/kg饲料)、地克珠利组(1 mg/kg饲料)、感染对照组和健康对照组,试验期至22日龄.结果显示,与感染对照组比较,所有给药组试验鸡盲肠和十二指肠肿胀明显减轻,血液性内容物明显减少;抗球虫指数分别为171.98,169.18,169.01,163.84,166.74,均达到中等抗球虫水平.结果表明,常山提取物具有良好的抗球虫效果,且作为一类中药组分,具有绿色环保、低毒低残留的特点,有望成为新型抗球虫药物.     

雏鸡感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫后血清生化指标的动态变化

选择80只14日龄蛋公雏,随机均分为对照组和感染组。感染组每只鸡接种8.0×104个E.tenella孢子化卵囊,分别于感染后0、3、6、9、12d采血,测定血清生化指标。结果表明:与对照组相比,感染组血清尿酸(UA)、钾(K)、肌酐(Cre)、一氧化氮(NO)含量和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)活性均有升高趋势,其中血清UA含量于3、6、9d显著升高(P<0.01或P<0.05);血清Cre、K含量和LDH活性在3、6d达显著水平(P<0.05或P<0.01);血清iNOS在6、9d显著升高(P<0.01或P<0.05);血清NO含量及ALP活性仅在6d升高明显(P<0.05或P<0.01)。血清甘油三酯(Tg)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、铁(Fe)、磷(P)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性较对照组均呈下降趋势,其中血清Tg、TP及Fe含量在6、9d显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);血清P在3、9d差异显著(P<0.05或P<0.01);血清ALB含量和GSH-Px活性只在6d存在显著差异(P<0.05);血清SOD活...