种子大小和光照强度对西瓜幼苗生长的影响

以种子大小不同的4个品种为试验材料,研究了西瓜幼苗在不同光照条件下的生长状况。结果表明,小种子西瓜幼苗高度增长率大于大种子品种,子叶净光合速率和干重积累量与种子大小正相关。幼苗干物质积累和净光合速率与光照强度正相关,遮阴条件下4个品种真叶净光合速率明显降低,但中度遮阴对幼苗地上部生物量积累影响不明显;重遮阴则显著降低幼苗地上部干重积累。重遮阴下小种子品种净光合速率显著高于大种子品种,小种子西瓜品种幼苗期对弱光环境的适应性更强。     

半免耕栽培对番茄生长的影响

为了探索半免耕栽培对番茄生长的影响,试验选用富贵6号为材料,通过测定传统栽培和半免耕栽培番茄的株高、茎鲜质量、叶片数及叶鲜质量等地上部营养生长和根系生物量、根的分布情况、根冠比等7个指标,进行对比分析,结果表明:(1)从定植至摘心期间,半免耕栽培番茄的株高、茎鲜质量、叶片数及叶鲜质量在各阶段均优于传统栽培番茄相应阶段的表现;摘心后,半免耕栽培番茄的茎鲜质量、叶片数及叶鲜质量与传统栽培的差异均达到显著水平,半免耕栽培优于传统栽培。(2)半免耕栽培番茄的根系生物量以及0~20 cm土层的根系生物量均高于传统栽培,根系分布明显偏于浅层。     

叶面肥中添加表面活性剂对黄瓜幼苗养分吸收和生长的影响

研究了加入表面活性剂的微量元素叶面肥对黄瓜苗期长势和微量元素吸收的影响.结果表明:含表面活性剂的微量元素叶面肥显著增加了黄瓜幼苗对Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的吸收.同时含表面活性剂的微量元素叶面肥也增加了黄瓜幼苗的生物量,增幅在6.5%～19.9%之间.     

种养循环对番茄生长的影响

为了提高番茄品质、降低化学肥料用量、促进番茄生态循环生产,探索了养殖蚯蚓后茬种植番茄的栽培方式对番茄生长发育、产量和果实品质等性状的影响.试验结果表明,蚯蚓养殖后种植番茄,一方面可以促进番茄植株营养生长、坐花坐果并提高果实品质;另一方面,可以抑制番茄土传病害的发生,使枯萎病发病率降低69.78％,减少化学农药使用,实现...     

外源氯对番茄幼苗生长及养分吸收、利用的影响

 研究了不同水平外源氯处理对番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum L. ) 干物质积累、叶绿素含量、Cl^- 、NO₃^- 、氮、磷、钾、钙和镁含量的影响。结果表明: 一定范围( 6.25～100 nmol·L ^{- 1} ) 的外源氯处理, 不降低番茄生物量甚至促进生物量, 并可明显提高番茄幼苗对钾、镁、磷的吸收和氮素利用效率, 而200、300 mmol·L ^{- 1} Cl^- 处理的幼苗干物质积累极显著下降。     

水分胁迫对费菜和长药八宝生长及生物量分配的影响

 研究了土壤水分胁迫对景天属植物费菜（Sedum aizoon L.）和长药八宝（Sedum spectabilis Boreau）的生长以及生物量分配的影响。结果表明：两种植物的生长及生物量分配状况均受土壤水分胁迫的影响。随着水分胁迫的加剧，费菜和长药八宝的株高、叶片数量、单株总叶面积及生物量增量总体均呈下降趋势，且费菜生长受抑制程度高于长药八宝；生物量分配比例发生变化，根冠比总体表现为先上升后下降。此外，水分胁迫还降低了植株含水量，费菜的降低幅度远大于长药八宝。研究表明，长药八宝较费菜更能适应干旱胁迫环境。     

根区温度对甜瓜幼苗生长的影响

通过对日光温室甜瓜幼苗根区不同温度处理,研究了根区温度对甜瓜幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:根区低温使甜瓜幼苗叶片数、株高、叶面积、干物质积累、根系活力、植株含水量、水分利用效率降低,而根冠比增加.     

江西虫草液体深层培养条件优化

通过摇瓶液体培养实验，确定江西虫草培养基为蔗糖2％，甘油1％，黄豆浸液0．5％．酵母膏0．5％，KH2PO40．1％，MgSO40．05％，蒸馏水1000mL，初始pH6～7。装液量200～250mL／500mL，加入10粒分散球，按培养液量的5％～7．5％接种6d左右菌龄的菌种，于26～28℃、旋转式摇床150～180r／min培养8d，最大菌丝体生物量可达16．6g／L。     

Growth and development of Easter lily in response to container substrate with biochar

A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the growth and flowering of Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) grown in a commercial substrate (Sunshine Mix #1) amended with biochar at 0 (control), 20, 40, 60, or 80% (by volume) and fertigated at four different regimes (constant feeding at 200 or 300 mg L^?1 N, or at every third watering with 200 or 300 mg L^?1 N). The experimental design was a split-plot design with fertigation regime as the main plot and the biochar percentage as the subplot. There was no interaction between fertigation regime and the biochar percentage on growth or development parameters. Neither fertigation regime nor the biochar percentage affected the number of days before full flower, the number of flowers, total shoot dry weight, the number of leaves, and leaf gas exchange rate. Plants grown in 80% biochar had the highest ratio of stem length with green leaves to total stem length. Plants in the two constant feeding groups had higher SPAD readings than those fertigated at every third watering in week 17. In summary, up to 80% biochar could be used as a component to peat-based container substrate without significant changes in Easter lily growth and development.     

三种灌溉方式对辣椒生长、产量和水分生产效率的影响

以黔椒4号辣椒为试材,利用张力计控制辣椒灌溉时期与灌溉量,分别研究膜下滴灌、穴灌和漫灌3种灌溉方式对塑料大棚辣椒生长、产量和水分生产效率的影响。结果表明,膜下滴灌全生育期耗水量最少,辣椒产量和水分生产效率最高,水分生产效率较穴灌、漫灌分别提高1.96 kg/m3和5.82 kg/m3。综合耗水量、产量等因素,膜下滴灌是大棚辣椒生产适宜的灌溉方式。     

混合接种菌根真菌对喜树幼苗生长及喜树碱含量的影响

通过温室盆栽接种试验,研究了蜜色无梗囊霉(Acaulospora mellea)、弯丝硬囊霉(Sclerocystic sinosa)及二者混合接种(分别记为Am、Ss和Am-Ss)对喜树幼苗生长及喜树碱含量的影响.结果表明:丛枝菌根的形成促进了喜树幼苗的生长,菌根幼苗的生物量优于无菌根幼苗,混合接种Am-Ss的菌根幼苗显著高于无菌根幼苗和单接种的菌根幼苗.丛枝菌根形成影响了喜树幼苗的喜树碱代谢,菌根幼苗根、叶片和全株的喜树碱含量均显著高于无菌根幼苗,并且混合接种处理的喜树幼苗喜树碱含量最高.     

Growth of rose roots and shoots is highly sensitive to anaerobic or hypoxic regions of container substrates

Commercial greenhouse cut rose plants commonly have shallow root systems, even in well-drained substrates. We studied rose plant responses to a wide range of soil air-filled porosity values to determine tolerance to low soil aeration. ‘Kardinal’ rose plants on ‘Natal Briar’ rootstock were grown for 11 weeks in containers holding 2.5 l of Yolo loam soil. The soil had been treated with a polyacrylamide soil conditioner to stabilize aggregates after they had been separated into three size fractions: coarse (1–2 mm), medium (0.1–1 mm), and fine (<0.1 mm). Plants were irrigated frequently to keep the soil at container capacity. Total new root growth was greatest in the medium and coarse soil fractions, which had average air-filled porosities of 7.6% and 15.9%, respectively. The fine soil fraction, which had an average air-filled porosity of 1.3%, had almost no root growth. In all soil fractions, roots were absent or scarce in regions of soil that were anaerobic or hypoxic. Highest root length densities occurred at air-filled porosity values of 12–17%, and no new roots grew at air-filled porosity values below 3%. Shoot yields were lower for plants in the substrate with low air-filled porosity, and their leaves had lower stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, mid-day water potential, and macronutrient concentrations. Frequent irrigation that precludes aeration of the lower regions of the substrate profile will result in shallow root systems and could lead to decreased yields.     

硝态氮和铵态氮对观赏百合生长发育的影响

本文以西伯利亚百合为研究对象,从硝酸还原酶的活性,可溶性糖的含量,还原性糖的含量,可溶性蛋白质的含量,淀粉酶的活性等多个方面探究了不同氮水平的硝态氮和铵态氮对西伯利亚百合生长发育的影响.从结果看出,在观赏百合栽培过程中硝态氮和铵态氮合理的配比施用,既可使氮素被植物成分吸收利用,也避免了氮素积累所引起的负面效应.     

黑色地膜对白菜类蔬菜落地种子和亲本种子幼苗生长的影响

落地种子对白菜类蔬菜商品种子纯度的不利影响越来越明显,探讨有效抑制落地种子出苗的方法尤为重要。本文研究了在阳畦中覆盖黑色地膜、白色地膜对亲本和落地种子幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:覆盖白色地膜和黑色地膜均有利于亲本幼苗生长,对亲本幼苗而言,覆盖黑色地膜和白色地膜的叶片数、单株质量、地上部质量、地下部质量均极显著高于不覆膜对照,而覆盖白色地膜的单株质量、地上部质量又极显著高于覆盖黑色地膜;对落地种子幼苗而言,覆盖黑色地膜的株数最少,单株质量居中,覆盖白色地膜的株数居中,单株质量最高,而不覆膜对照的株数最多,单株质量最低。说明覆盖黑色地膜对促进亲本幼苗生长及抑制落地种子出苗的效果最好,为最佳选择。     

木醋液作灌根对番茄生长发育和产量的影响

利用不同浓度的木醋液对番茄进行灌根施肥,研究木醋液灌根对番茄生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明:木醋液灌根施肥能提高番茄的株高、茎粗、单果重和产量,其中稀释1 000倍的木醋液灌根可提高番茄产量22.43%,在保护地施肥中可以大力推广。     

乙烯利对苦瓜生长发育及制种产量的影响

用乙烯利对黄瓜进行了不同喷施浓度、时期及次数的试验 ,结果表明 ,苦瓜生长前期叶面喷施乙烯利能增大叶面积和茎粗 ,缩短节间长度 ,显著提高瓜果产量和种子产量。施用浓度以 12 0～ 180mg·L- 1为宜 ,施用时期以第 6～ 9叶期较好     

黄土高原坡地枣树林龄和坡向对叶面积指数的影响

应用WinsCanopy2005a植物冠层分析仪,研究5月上旬至8月下旬陕北坡地枣树叶面积指数(LAI)随时间的动态变化规律;比较不同林龄、不同坡向枣树LAI之间的差异性及LAI与冠层其他特征之间的相关性。结果表明,陕北坡地枣树LAI的季节动态变化规律明显,从5月上旬至8月下旬呈不断上升的S曲线,最大值出现在8月下旬,为2.18±0.1;不同林龄枣林LAI大小为:10 a5 a3 a,各林龄LAI之间差异达到极显著水平(P0.001);不同坡向枣林LAI两两之间也有显著差异(P0.05),其中阴坡与阳坡差异达到极显著水平(P0.001),阳坡枣树生长前期(开花期前)LAI较小,但是在整个生育期生长迅速,生长后期LAI明显大于其他坡向;LAI与林隙分数、冠层透光率、冠层下方总光合光量子通量密度均有很好的相关关系,相关系数均超过0.80。据此,林龄和坡向是影响枣树LAI的重要因子,在枣树的修剪和栽培时宜根据具体情况区别对待。     

不同栽培架势对五味子产量及枝条生长势的影响

选取4 a生棚架与篱架五味子进行产量与枝条生长量调查。结果表明:五味子以中长枝结果为主,栽培架式与五味子的生长发育有较强的相关性,篱架五味子产量主要集中在第Ⅲ区段,棚架五味子产量主要集中在第Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ区段,棚架单株平均产量、枝条数显著高于篱架。     

烯效唑对黄瓜幼苗生长的影响

采用不同浓度烯效唑药液对黄瓜浸种处理。研究结果表明:烯效唑有控制幼苗高度,促进根系生长、增加叶绿素含量、提高根冠比、防止移栽后败苗等效应;并对黄瓜有一定的增产效果。在本试验条件下,最佳浸种浓度为10mg·L-1。     

Modelling the effects of soil water potential on growth and quality of cut chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)

A complete dynamic model was developed to describe the effects of soil water potential (WP) on the growth and external quality of standard cut chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) in order to optimise water management of greenhouse crops. Experiments using chrysanthemum cv. ‘Jinba’ with different planting dates and levels of water treatment were conducted in a lean-to type greenhouse from 2006 to 2008. The dynamics of leaf area index (LAI), dry matter partitioning, and external quality traits (plant height, number of leaves per plant, flower-head diameter and peduncle length) were first determined as functions of accumulated photothermal index (PTI). Impacts of WP on leaf photosynthetic rate, LAI, dry matter partitioning, and the external quality traits were quantified via introducing the experimentally identified effects of WP on the parameters in the light response curve of leaf photosynthetic rate and the PTI-based functions. These quantitative relationships were incorporated into a generic crop growth model SUCROS. Using independent experimental data, the model was found to give good predictions for biomass production, dry weight of organs, and the external quality traits of the chrysanthemum cultivar grown under different levels of water supply. The coefficient of determination (r²) between the predicted and measured results was 0.91 for LAI, 0.88 for biomass production, and varied between 0.83 and 0.93 for organ dry weight and the external quality traits. Further evaluation is needed when applying this model to a wider range.