1～21日龄黄羽肉鸡烟酸需要量研究

采用单因子随机分组试验设计,选用1日龄快长型岭南黄羽肉公雏1 800只,分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复50只鸡。处理1为空白对照组,处理2、3、4、5、6饲粮中烟酸添加水平分别为25、50、75、100、125 mg/kg,探讨1～21日龄黄羽肉鸡烟酸需要量。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组21日龄体重、日增重显著提高,料重比降低(P0.05)。添加烟酸对试验鸡胫骨重量、长度和折断强度影响均不显著(P0.05)。与空白对照组相比,添加烟酸25 mg/kg可显著降低试验鸡血浆低密度脂蛋白固醇(LDL-C)水平(P0.05),添加50 mg/kg时,可显著降低游离脂肪酸(NEFA)水平(P0.05),当添加量超过125 mg/kg时,LDL-C和NEFA水平与对照组差异不显著(P0.05),但总甘油三酯(TG)水平则明显升高,与各组差异显著(P0.05)。以日增重为评价指标,依据双斜率拐点模型,1～21日龄黄羽肉鸡烟酸需要量为25mg/kg,低于NRC(1994)1～21日龄肉仔鸡烟酸推荐量35 mg/kg。     

Immunophenotyping of Leukocyte Subsets in Peripheral Blood and Palatine Tonsils of Prefattening Pigs

The quantitative and distribution patterns of porcine peripheral blood and tonsillar lymphoid/myeloid cell subsets were assessed in order to establish the immune status of farm pigs prior to their transfer to fattening units. Peripheral blood and tonsillar samples were taken from clinically healthy, nonvaccinated, 12-week-old pigs, either ex vivo or following euthanasia. Single-colour flow cytometry, using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reactive with the swine leukocyte cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens, gave the proportions of lymphoid (9.7% CD4⁺, 8.0% CD8⁺, 36.9% CD5a⁺, 20.3% CD16⁺, 6.9% CD21⁺, 86.3% CD45⁺, 41.8% CD45RA⁺, 48.3% CD45RC⁺), null cells (6.9%) and myeloid cells (23.7% CD11b⁺ and 5.4% SWC3a⁺) in peripheral blood. In situ identification and distribution of lymphoid cells in the tonsils (CD3a⁺, CD21⁺, CD45RA⁺, CD45RC⁺) was performed with anti-CD mAbs using the avidin–biotin complex method. Most CD3a⁺ cells were in the parafollicular areas, with many cells in the follicles. CD21⁺ cells were scattered throughout the parafollicular area, with only a few cells inside lymphoid follicles. CD45RA⁺ cells were mostly concentrated in the follicles but many positive cells were present in the parafollicular area. Many CD45RC⁺ cells were visible in the parafollicular area, a few positive cells were in the crypt epithelium, and single cells were inside the follicles.     

苯甲酸对1～21日龄肉鸡生长性能和肠道健康的影响

本试验旨在研究苯甲酸对白羽肉鸡生长性能、肠道形态及盲肠微生物的影响。试验采用单因子试验设计,选取360只1日龄的罗斯308(Ross308)白羽肉鸡,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。饲粮中苯甲酸的添加水平为0(对照组)、0.7%和1.4%。试验期为21d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加苯甲酸对1~21日龄肉鸡的平均增重(AWG)有提高趋势(P=0.066);添加0.7%苯甲酸显著提高了1~21日龄肉鸡的平均采食量(AFI)(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,添加苯甲酸显著提高空肠绒毛高度和绒隐比(P<0.05),对隐窝深度无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,添加苯甲酸对21日龄肉鸡空肠酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05),但从数值上看,添加0.7%苯甲酸提高了空肠酶活性。4)与对照组相比,添加苯甲酸对肉鸡盲肠微生物菌群无显著影响(P>0.05);从数值上看,添加苯甲酸降低了肉鸡21日龄大肠杆菌数量。由此得出,苯甲酸能够提高肉鸡空肠绒毛高度和绒隐比,进而在一定程度上提高1~21日龄肉鸡的生长性能,但对盲肠微生物数量没有显著影响;1~21日龄肉鸡饲粮苯甲酸的添加水平以0.7%效果较好。     

A Scanning and Immunohistochemical Study in Bovine Haemal Node

The bovine haemal nodes are lymphatic organs with haemal circulation. The blood circulates inside of them through virtual cavities named sinuses. In these sinuses there is passage of cells and particulate materials from parenchyma to sinuses and vice versa. For this passage temporal overtures exist in the sinus walls. The sinus wall is composed of endothelial cells, basal membrane and reticular cells. Our results have demostrated that type IV collagen was one of the basal membrane constituents in bovine haemal nodes and by this constitution a dynamic equilibrium of the sinus walls was permitted.     

萨福克羔羊0~65日龄生长发育规律研究

试验对萨福克羔羊0~65日龄生长发育规律进行了分析,旨在完善肉羊的生长发育规律研究,为萨福克羔羊0~65日龄的饲养管理及营养水平提供理论依据。试验于新疆华兴牧场惠康畜牧种羊繁育基地进行,供体母羊为纯种萨福克羊,受体母羊为哈萨克羊,并对出生的萨福克羔羊进行体尺、体重测量和记录,将数据输入Excel表格进行整理,并通过SPSS 16.0软件分析各性状平均值和各个体尺指标与体重平均值的相关性。结果表明,0~30日龄萨福克羊生长发育速度相对较快,公羔臀宽与体重的相关系数为0.989;管围与体重的相关系数为0.638;母羔臀宽与体重的相关系数为0.981,管围与体重的相关系数为0.654。0~30日龄萨福克羊公羔各性状的生长发育比母羔快,45~65日龄生长速度一致。羔羊0~15日龄体高、体长、胸围和体重等生长速度最快,而30~65日龄体高、体长、体重等部位生长速度较平稳;由体尺、体重相关性分析可知,臀宽与体重相关系数最大,管围和体重相关系数最小。由研究可知,0~30日龄营养要求关键,公羔与母羔的生长发育无明显差异,欲提高羔羊的生长发育速度则要注意羔羊各年龄阶段的生长发育规律,合理提供营养并提高饲料质量与管理水平。今后对萨福克羔羊的饲料管理中应该注重不同时期的饲养配方,合理改善饲养环境,使其发挥最大生长潜能。     

柑橘皮渣对1～21日龄四川白鹅生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探索柑橘皮渣对1~21日龄四川白鹅生长性能及血清生化指标的影响。选用828只1日龄四川白鹅,用单因子试验设计,随机分成6组,每个组6个重复,每个重复23只鹅。各组分别饲喂含柑橘皮渣0(对照组)、2%、4%、6%、8%和10%的等代谢能、等粗蛋白质、等氨基酸的玉米-豆粕型饲粮。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)6%组料重比显著低于对照组(P0.05),末重和平均日增重呈先增加后降低趋势。2)与对照组相比,8%组血清高密度脂蛋白含量显著提高(P0.05);10%组血清总胆固醇含量显著提高(P0.05)。3)柑橘皮渣对鹅血清生化指标无显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮柑橘皮渣添加量为6%时,对1~21日龄四川白鹅生产性能有较好的促进作用。     

不同日龄舍饲绵羊瘤胃形态学变化

为了研究舍饲条件下绵羊瘤胃形态学上的发育特点,随机选取40、60、120、180、240日龄绵羊瘤胃进行容积、瘤胃相对容积以及瘤胃黏膜乳头高度、宽度和密度的测定。测定结果表明,瘤胃容积和瘤胃相对容积随着日龄的增加而增大,在60日龄后瘤胃容积随日龄增加显著（P〈0.05）,在120日龄前瘤胃相对容积增加显著（P〈0.05）。瘤胃黏膜乳头高度和宽度随日龄增加而增大,瘤胃黏膜乳头密度在60日龄前随日龄增加而增大,在60日龄后随日龄增加而减少。瘤胃各部乳头形态变化的显著性差异不同。     

An Immunohistochemical Survey of Catecholamine-synthesizing Enzyme-immunoreactive Nerves and Endocrine Cells in the Bovine Pancreas

The distribution of catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme-immunoreactive nerves and endocrine cells in the pancreas of the calf and cow was studied immunohistochemically using antisera against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH). TH- and DBH-immunoreactive nerve fibres were abundant both within and around the islet of Langerhans. A few TH- and DBH-immunoreactive nerve fibres were seen around the large islets characteristic of calf pancreas, but the majority of cells in the large islets, and some in islets of Langerhans, showed TH immunoreactivity. In the exocrine pancreas, both TH- and DBH-immunoreactive nerve fibres were distributed randomly among the acini, with the DBH-immunoreactive fibres being more numerous. Abundant TH- and DBH-immunoreactive nerve fibres were seen in close association with blood vessels and in the connective tissue around the interlobular duct. Immunoreactivity for both enzymes was also observed in the nerve cell bodies and fibres of the intrapancreatic ganglia. The findings suggest an important role for catecholamines in the regulation of bovine pancreatic function.     

Development of Myelination in the Bovine Fetal Brain: an Immunohistochemical Study

In this study, the development of myelination in the fetal bovine brain (age-range: between 1–2 and 8–9 months) was examined applying: 1. Immunohistochemical staining methods and antibodies against bovine proteolipid protein (PLP), synthetic tridecapeptide of bovine PLP, human myelin basic protein (MBP), human myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG); and 2. Using the Luxol fast-blue (LFB) technique.     

Use of Monoclonal Antibodies for Immunohistochemical Study of Bovine Spleen on Frozen Sections

Many monoclonal antibodies reactive with bovine leukocyte differentiation antigens are now available. Immunohistochemical staining on frozen sections using these monoclonal antibodies permits study of the functional morphology of bovine spleen. This study confirms accepted notions (B and T dependent-zones) and supplies complementary data about the repartition of CD4 and CD8 cells. γδ cells. MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) II expression, and macrophages.     

20日龄哺乳仔猪猪瘟免疫试验

３３头、６２头２０日龄哺乳仔猪的猪瘟母源抗体ＯＤ均值分别为０．２９、０．２１,在分别注射１头剂、２头剂“猪三联”苗后２５天,猪瘟免疫抗体ＯＤ值达到０．４１、０．２８,群体保护率分别由免疫前的５９．８４％、４５．５６％提高到９３．９４％、８５．０８％。     

不同能量蛋白质水平对生长前期北京鸭赖氨酸需要量的影响

本试验采用2×5试验设计,研究了2个能量蛋白质水平(10.91 MJ/kg和18%,12.12 MJ/kg和20%)和5个赖氨酸水平(0.65%,0.80%,0.95%,1.10%和1.25%)对生长前期北京鸭生产性能的影响.选用560只7日龄雄性北京鸭随机分为10组,每组8个重复,每个重复7只鸭.每组饲喂1种试验日粮,试验期为7～21日龄.结果表明:与低能量低蛋白质日粮相比,高能量高蛋白质日粮显著降低北京鸭日采食量、料重比和赖氨酸日摄入量(P＜0.05);但此2种能量蛋白质水平日粮的料重比、蛋白质和能量的日摄入量无显著差异(P＞0.05).日粮赖氨酸水平对北京鸭日增重、料重比和赖氨酸日摄入量有显著影响(P＜0.05)).本试验采用折线模型估测2种能量蛋白质水平下7～21日龄北京鸭获得最大料重比时赖氨酸的需要量,在高、低能量蛋白质水平条件下,赖氨酸需要量占日粮百分比分别为0.90%、0.80%;占蛋白质百分比分别为4.50%、4.44%.由此得出,当日粮能量蛋白质水平发生改变时,应采用适当的赖氨酸与粗蛋白质比例配制日粮以达到最佳的生产性能.     

木薯渣在50～70日龄仔鹅饲粮中的适宜添加量

本试验旨在研究木薯渣在50~70日龄仔鹅饲粮中的适宜添加量。选取200只50日龄健康、体重相近的扬州鹅公鹅,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂添加5%、10%、15%和20%木薯渣的试验饲粮,试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加木薯渣显著降低了10周龄鹅饲粮能量的表观代谢率(P0.05);饲粮中添加10%、15%、20%木薯渣显著提高了64~70日龄和50~70日龄仔鹅平均日采食量(P0.05);饲粮中添加15%、20%木薯渣显著提高了50~56日龄仔鹅的平均日增重(P0.05);饲粮中添加20%木薯渣显著降低了仔鹅的腹脂率(P0.05),显著提高了肌肉中粗灰分的含量(P0.05)。2)饲粮中添加木薯渣对仔鹅其他屠宰性能、饲粮养分表观代谢率及肉品质、肌肉常规养分含量无显著影响(P0.05)。3)由饲料成本降低百分比和经济效益呈现的二次关系可知,当木薯渣添加量为21.4%时,饲料成本降低百分比值最大;当木薯渣添加量为20.9%时,经济效益最高。由此可见,饲粮中添加木薯渣可以促进仔鹅生长,对屠宰性能、饲粮养分表观代谢率、肉品质及肌肉常规养分含量无显著影响。综合仔鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、饲粮表观养分利用率及对经济效益的分析,50~70日龄仔鹅饲粮中木薯渣的适宜添加量为20%。     

饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对21～60日龄湖羊生长、消化性能及血清指标的影响

旨在研究饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对21～60日龄湖羊羔羊生长、消化性能和血清指标的影响。本研究采用两因素两水平试验设计,选取64只17日龄体重相近、健康的湖羊羔羊,随机分为高能高蛋白(HE-HP)、高能低蛋白(HE-LP)、低能高蛋白(LE-HP)、低能低蛋白(LE-LP)4组,每组4个重复,每重复4只羊。试验预试期3d,21日龄起所有羔羊断母乳,饲喂代乳粉、补饲开食料。正试期40d。每天记录羔羊采食量,每隔20d晨饲前称重、颈静脉采血测定血清指标;31～40和51～60日龄期间采用全收粪法进行消化试验。结果表明:1)饲粮能量与蛋白水平对羔羊生长性能无显著交互作用(P>0.05),但羔羊日增重与饲料转化效率均随饲粮能量或蛋白质水平的降低而显著降低(P<0.05)。2)饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对羔羊31～40日龄干物质和总能消化率存在显著交互作用(P<0.05),表现为饲喂高能量饲粮时羔羊对饲粮干物质和和总能消化率随蛋白质水平的降低而显著降低(P<0.05)。3)40日龄羔羊血清葡萄糖含量随能量水平降低而显著降低(P<0.05);60日龄时,降低蛋白质水平显著降低了羔羊血清尿素氮含量(P<0.05)、提高了血清生长激素含量(P<0.05),降低饲粮能量水平显著提高了血清尿素氮和三酰甘油含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,能量和蛋白质水平对21～60日龄羔羊生长性能有显著影响,适当的能量和蛋白水平能够改善羔羊生长和消化性能。     

0～56日龄舍饲肉用羔羊胃肠道发育特点研究

旨在研究舍饲并始于7日龄补饲条件下羔羊胃肠道的发育特点.选用甘肃肉用绵羊新品种选育群公羔(单羔)45只,分为9组,每组5只,分别于0、7、14、21、28、35、42、49和56 d屠宰、取样,测定各胃室相对质量(%活体质量、%全胃质量)、各胃室相对容积(%胃肠道容积、%全胃容积)及各肠段的相对质量(%活体质量、%肠道...     

不同饮水方式对21～70日龄扬州鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、羽毛生长及耗水量的影响

本试验旨在研究不同饮水方式对21~70日龄扬州鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、羽毛生长及耗水量的影响。选用120只体重相近、健康的21日龄扬州鹅公鹅,随机分为2个组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只。试验Ⅰ组采用常规饮水(槽式饮水),试验Ⅱ组采用乳头式饮水。试验期49 d。结果表明:1)试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的各阶段体重和平均日采食量无显著差异(P>0.05)。21~42日龄时,试验Ⅱ组的料重比显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。2)70日龄时,试验Ⅱ组的屠宰率和全净膛率均显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)42日龄时,试验Ⅱ组的主翼羽长度显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。4)70日龄时,试验Ⅱ组的24h耗水量显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。综上所述,使用乳头式饮水器有利于减少21~70日龄扬州鹅饲料和水资源的浪费。在肉鹅高效规模化生产中,建议使用乳头式饮水器进行供水。     

Use of Monoclonal Antibodies for Immunohistochemical Study of Bovine Lymph Nodes on Frozen Sections

Many monoclonal antibodies reactive with bovine leukocyte differentiation antigens are now available. Immunohistochemical staining on frozen sections using these monoclonal antibodies permits study of the functional morphology of bovine lymph nodes. Our study confirms usually accepted notions (B and T dependent-zones) and supplies complementary data about the repartition of CD4 cells (particularly intrafollicular positive cells), yb T cells, MHC II expression and dendritic leukocytes.