葡萄糖氧化酶基因在草地早熟禾转基因植株中的表达

用农杆菌介导法将含有葡萄糖氧化酶基因(GO)和新霉素磷酸转移酶基因(NPTII)的重组质粒导入草地早熟禾品种超级伊克利,经卡那霉素筛选获得具有卡那霉素抗性的再生植株.PCR检测证明,GO基因已整合到草地早熟禾基因组中.RT-PCR检测、淀粉-KI显色反应和H2O2定量检测结果均表明,GO基因在转录和翻译水平上已得到表达.抗病性鉴定结果显示,转GO基因植株对锈病具有较高的抗性.     

农杆菌介导法获得草地早熟禾转Bt基因植株

以草地早熟禾品种超级伊克利成熟种子为外植体材料,当愈伤组织诱导培养基中琼脂的用量增加至16g/L时,诱导产生的颗粒状胚性愈伤组织占愈伤组织总数的40%以上。愈伤组织经携带pGBI4AB农杆菌LBA4404的感染和共培养后,在继代培养基上添加50mg/L筛选剂G418,可较好地筛选出具有卡那霉素抗性的愈伤组织,进而获得具有卡那霉素抗性的再生植株。PCR分子检测结果表明,Bt基因已导入转化植株。生物学抗虫性鉴定结果显示,转Bt基因当代植株对1～2龄棉铃虫具有不同程度的抗性。     

草地早熟禾转葡萄糖氧化酶基因植株的获得

以从大青山草地早熟禾、超级伊克利和午夜等3个草地早熟禾品种的成熟种子诱导产生的颗粒状胚性愈伤组织为受体材料,应用农杆菌介导法将含有葡萄糖氧化酶基因(GO)和新霉素磷酸转移酶基因(NPT II)的重组质粒导入草地早熟禾。愈伤组织经携带pBGO质粒的农杆菌LBA4404的感染和共培养后,转到添加筛选剂G-418 20~50 mg/L的愈伤组织继代培养基上进行筛选,选择对卡那霉素具有抗性的愈伤组织,进而获得再生植株。试管植株的叶片经淀粉-碘化钾显色反应后,检测到转基因植株中产生了过氧化氢。PCR分子检测证明,GO基因已整合到转化植株的基因组中。抗病性鉴定结果显示,转GO基因植株对水稻纹枯病具有不同程度的抗性。     

不同灌溉水平下气象因子对草地早熟禾蒸散量的影响

[目的]研究不同灌溉水平下气象因子对草地早熟禾蒸散量的影响。[方法]以田间持水量为标准,用称重法控制土壤含水量并测量草地早熟禾蒸散量,利用Watchdog气象仪记录实时气象数据,研究在不同灌溉水平下草地早熟禾蒸散量及其动态,并研究草地早熟禾蒸散量与气象因子的关系。[结果]充分灌溉条件下草地早熟禾的蒸散量明显大于限制灌溉;除了8月限制灌溉草地早熟禾日蒸散量呈双峰型外,其他草地早熟禾日蒸散量均呈单峰型,且峰值均出现在当天气温最高值之前;月蒸散量随太阳辐射和气温的减小而逐月减少。草地早熟禾蒸散量受太阳辐射和气温的影响最显著,与相对湿度呈负相关关系,与风速的正相关性较不显著。[结论]该研究为草地早熟禾的栽培提供科学依据。     

不同激素配比对草地早熟禾愈伤组织形成的影响

以草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis L.)品种"午夜"的成熟种子及幼叶为外植体,MS为基本培养基,研究不同外源植物激素对其愈伤组织形成的影响。结果表明,成熟种子为最佳外植体,由成熟种子诱导出的愈伤组织的出愈率与质量均高于叶片;MS+2,4-D 5.0 mg/L培养基为成熟种子较为适宜的诱导培养基,诱导率达50%。在MS+2,4-D5.0 mg/L继代培养基中,有黄绿色、表面干燥的颗粒状愈伤组织长出。MS+2,4-D 7.0 mg/L是叶片较为适宜的诱导培养基,诱导率为34%,但长出的愈伤组织表面多水分。     

十三个草地早熟禾品种在晋中的适应性评价

针对目前山西省草坪引种栽培中存在的盲目性、随意性以及草坪寿命短,失败率高等问题,2000～2003年对13个草地早熟禾(Poapratensis)品种在晋中地区温带大陆性气候条件下的适应性进行了对比试验。通过对盖度、颜色、质地、均一性、抗热性、抗病性、全年绿期、综合评定等进行评价分析,结果表明,Nassau的盖度最低;Midnight均一性最好;America、Midnight、RamI、Indigo颜色最深;Connie、RamI抗热性极好;Touchdown、Indigo和Nassau抗病性最差;Award绿期最长。RamI、Midnight、America、Connie、Liberator综合质量表现均衡且分值较高,是山西省推广应用的重点品种。     

冷地型草坪混播组合中草地早熟禾最佳含量的研究

在实验条件下，以不同配比的草地早熟禾（ＰｏａｐｒａｔｅｎｓｉｓＬ．）进行了建立混播草坪的实验，并用模糊数学综合评判法评定草坪应用性。结果表明：在混播草坪组合中，草地早熟禾的百分含量最佳配比为７０％（综合评判值为０．６１４）     

氮磷钾不同配比对旅游景观早熟禾生长的影响

以城市旅游景观早熟禾为试材,研究了纯氮、氮磷、氮磷钾（50%比例有机氮）、有机氮4个施肥处理对其生长与含水量的影响。结果表明,氮磷处理6～8月份基部叶加长生长处于最高值,氮磷钾处理9～10月处于最高值,两个处理均显著高于不施肥的对照处理;叶片质地在7月份氮磷处理极显著高于对照;干物质积累量6～7月氮磷处理处于最高值,与氮磷钾处理之间无显著差异,8～9月氮磷钾处理最高,有机氮处理增加效果最差;鲜重在8月份所有处理达到最高值,其中氮磷、氮磷钾处理分别达到18 224.08、17 293.33 kg/hm2,极显著高于对照;8～10月份氮磷处理、氮磷钾处理含水量较高,且二者差异不显著。综合分析认为,氮磷处理对促进旅游景观早熟禾生长效果最佳,氮磷钾处理次之。     

不同稗草密度对草地早熟禾土壤微生物变化的影响

通过稀释平板菌落计数法,对不同密度稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli L.Beauv)共生对草地早熟禾(Poapratensis L.)根际土壤微生物产生的阶段性影响进行了研究。结果表明,草地早熟禾根际土壤中细菌数量随着稗草密度的增大而增加,并有随稗草生长而数量增加的趋势,直到枯萎期才开始减少;在稗草苗期和枯萎期放线菌的数量受稗草密度的影响较小;但在生长期随着稗草密度的增大;数量有一定减少,抽穗期有所增加;土壤真菌的数量随着稗草密度增大,在稗草苗期和生长期数量逐渐减少,而在枯萎期逐渐增加。     

鸦胆子愈伤组织提取物的杀虫活性研究(英文)

[Objective] The research aimed to lay a foundation for the screening of cell lines producing secondary metabolites of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the extracts from branch and 3 different types of calluses of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.was detected through methods of leaf disc and potted seedlings against the diamond back moth.[Result] Extracts from four kinds of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.tissues assumed both the activities of antifeedant and oviposition deterrency against the diamond back moth.Antifeedant effect of extracts was in turn the callus C< callus B< callus A< branches.Oviposition deterrency activity of the extracts was in turn the callus A> branch > callus B>callus C.The insecticidal activities of callus A and B were higher than that of the callus C.[Conclusion] The results show that insecticidal activity of callus and its growth rate is inversely proportional.     

Insecticidal Activities of Extracts from Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. Callus

[Objective] The research aimed to lay a foundation for the screening of cell lines producing secondary metabolites of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the extracts from branch and 3 different types of calluses of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.was detected through methods of leaf disc and potted seedlings against the diamond back moth.[Result] Extracts from four kinds of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.tissues assumed both the activities of antifeedant and oviposition deterrency against the diamond back moth.Antifeedant effect of extracts was in turn the callus C< callus B< callus A< branches.Oviposition deterrency activity of the extracts was in turn the callus A> branch > callus B>callus C.The insecticidal activities of callus A and B were higher than that of the callus C.[Conclusion] The results show that insecticidal activity of callus and its growth rate is inversely proportional.     

不同品种小米矿质元素含量差异分析

矿质营养是构成机体和维系生命不可或缺的成分。为了明确不同品种小米矿质元素含量的差异,测定了三个地点8个品种小米中磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、钠(Na)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、碘(I)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)和硒(Se)11种矿质元素的含量,采用主成分分析方法进行矿质元素含量综合评价。结果表明,小米中不同矿质元素含量的变异性存在差异,小米Na、I、Cr和Se元素含量的变异系数较大,超过5%;除K和Se以外的其他9种矿质元素含量受品种影响差异显著,除Cu以外的其他10种矿质元素含量受地区影响差异显著;利用主成分分析方法矿质元素综合表现的排序,按照品种从高到低排序为冀谷18冀谷31冀谷38冀谷39豫谷19冀谷1912H402豫谷18,按照地区从高到低排序为藁城、井陉和博山。该结果对于明确谷子矿质营养价值具有重要意义,对于了解品种间和不同地点的小米矿质营养成分差异也具有较好的实用价值。     

花粉管介导的转抗冻蛋白基因(AFP)水稻

低温和冷害在世界范围内广泛发生,对水稻的产量和品质造成严重影响。创造和培育具有强耐低温特性的水稻品种,对提高水稻产量具有重要的意义。本研究将从胡萝卜中克隆的抗冻蛋白基因(AFP)构建到植物表达载体pB I121(pB I121∶AFP)后,利用花粉管通道法将其转入籼稻品种NR158,获得了转基因后代。对T3代和T4代转基因植株的苗期耐冷性鉴定和PCR鉴定结果表明,部分转基因植株后代已经整合并且AFP基因得到了表达,获得了不同程度的耐低温性。     

化学打顶对芝麻产量和品质的影响

为筛选可替代人工打顶的植物生长调节剂,于芝麻播种后60 d进行人工打顶和化学打顶处理,研究了不同植物生长调节剂对芝麻产量和品质的影响。结果表明:人工打顶处理比不打顶处理增产5.65%;多效唑(PP333)对芝麻无增产效果,不能替代人工打顶;喷施三碘苯甲酸(TIBA)、矮壮素(CCC)、丁酰肼(B9)处理芝麻每蒴粒数、每蒴粒质量和粒壳比显著升高,秕子率显著降低,可促进芝麻增产,且TIBA、B9处理芝麻空梢长显著缩短;人工打顶和化学打顶对芝麻籽粒中粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量以及脂肪酸构成均无显著影响;人工打顶和TIBA处理导致芝麻素含量显著降低;CCC对芝麻素和芝麻林素含量均无显著影响;6-BA处理提高了芝麻林素含量;B9处理芝麻素、芝麻林素含量分别升高14.29%、17.38%。综上,B9对芝麻产量和品质的作用效果最为显著(增产12.72%),最适宜芝麻化学打顶的推广。     

根癌农杆菌对结球白菜的转化

为了给外源有用基因导入结球白菜并高效稳定地表达提供依据，以结球白菜的子叶－子叶柄为外植体，采用农杆菌共培养法把外源基因C58／pV11导入结球白菜，在选择最优的转化条件－根癌农杆菌侵染外植体15min，农杆菌培养和共培养时在培养基中均加入AS，培养基pH为5．2，共培养3d的条件下，获得转基因植株，其中抗性植株的抗草丁膦试验，转基因植株DNA的PCR及PCR－Southern斑点杂交鉴定等结果表明，50％的抗性植株的基因组中有外源基因的整合。     

A Genetic Linkage Map of Brassica carmpestris L.ssp.pekinensis (syn. B.rapa L.ssp.pekinensis )

A molecular genetic map of Chinese cabbage was constructed with a 102 recombinant inbred(RI) population from a cross of two cultivated Chinese cabbage lines 177 and 276, using AFLP and RAPDmarkers. 352 markers including 265 AFLP markers and 87 RAPD markers were integrated into 17 linkagegroups. It covered a total of 2 665.7 cM with an average interval of 7.6 cM. AFLP marker is efficient formap construction while it easily forms clusters to cause big gaps in map. A total of 13. 92% abnormal segrega-tion markers distributed in the map. The molecular genetic map is fundamental for gene localization, compar-ative genomics, and QTL mapping of important agronomic traits.     

农杆菌介导甜高粱转Bt cry1Ah的研究

 【目的】建立一套高效、稳定的甜高粱农杆菌遗传转化体系,并在甜高粱中验证来源于苏云金芽胞杆菌新型杀虫基因cry1Ah表达产物的杀虫活性。【方法】以甜高粱幼穗愈伤组织为转化受体,通过农杆菌介导法将密码子优化过的Bt cry1Ah导入2个甜高粱品种“BABUSH”和“MN-3025”中。对获得的再生植株进行PCR检测、RT-PCR分析及除草剂抗性、目的蛋白表达水平和抗虫性鉴定分析。【结果】对336块幼穗愈伤组织块进行了农杆菌侵染,经双丙氨膦（Bialaphos）梯度筛选后共获得66株再生植株,PCR鉴定在8个转化事件中有22株为阳性植株,平均转化率为2.38%。RT-PCR检测结果表明,cry1Ah在T0甜高粱转基因植株中能够正常转录。Western blotting分析和ELISA定量测定显示,有5株可检测到Bt蛋白,但Bt蛋白含量差异较大,最高可达165.69 ng•g-1叶片鲜重（FW）,最低的仅为1.93 ng•g-1叶片鲜重（FW）,平均为87.50 ng•g-1 FW。饲虫试验表明,有2株转基因甜高粱植株对亚洲玉米螟（Ostrinia furnacalis）表现为抗性。【结论】利用建立的以甜高粱幼穗为外植体的农杆菌遗传转化体系,可获得具有玉米螟抗性的转基因甜高粱植株,其后代遗传稳定性还有待于进一步的研究。     

Activity of Acetolactate Synthase from Maize (Zea mays L. ) as Influenced by Chlorsulfuron and Tribenuron-methyl

Study on relative sensitivity of maize (Zea mays L. ) Nongda108 and Nongda3138 to sulfonylurea herbicide chlorsulfuron and tribenuron-methyl using maize taproot length by sand bioassy indicated that, Nongda3138 had higher tolerance to chlorsulfuron and tribenuron-methyl than Nongda108 did. Chlorsulfuron had stronger growth inhibition to maize Nongda108 and Nongda3138 than tribenuron-methyl did. Study on target enzyme of sulfonylurea herbicide acetolactate synthase (ALS) showed that, chlorsulfuron and tribenuron-methyl inhibited ALS in vitro strongly, and non-competitively. In the same concentration of inhibitors,chlorsuifuron had stronger ALS activity inhibition than tribenuron-methyl did. Lower level of chlorsulfuron and tribenuron-methyl has no ALS activity inhibition in vivo, the ALS inhibition only occurred in the condition of high concentration of chlorsulfuron and tribenuron-methyl in vivo.     

Effects of Boron Nutrition on 45Ca Retranslocation and Distribution in Rape (Brassica napus L. ) Cultivars

Using tracer techniques with the radioisotope 45Ca, the effects of boron supply from soil andnutrient solution on the retranslocation of 45 Ca from leaves to other parts of rape plants were studied. Resultsindicated that only a small portion of foliar-applied 45Ca could be retranslocated to other parts of the rapeplant. There was no pronounced effect of boron level in the soil on 45 Ca retranslocation. Increasing boron con-centrations in the nutrient solution significantly reduced 45 Ca radioactivity in root and stem, but increased 45 Cauptake and 45 Ca translocation to the upper leaves of rape plants. It was suggested that 45 Ca absorbed by newlydeveloped roots was easily distributed to upper leaves of rape plants. Boron may alter distribution of calciumvia its effect on root development or growth of newly developed roots.     

田间施用硝化抑制剂DMPP对小青菜贮藏过程中硝酸盐与Vc含量的影响

采用田间施药方法,研究了施用硝化抑制剂3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(3,4-dimethylpyrazolephosphate,DMPP)对冰箱贮藏条件下小青菜可食部分硝酸盐、维生素C(Vc)含量变化的影响。结果表明,在贮藏过程中,施与不施DMPP2种处理小青菜硝酸盐含量呈现先降低后略有升高的趋势,Vc含量呈降低的趋势;DMPP在贮藏前期能够有效地降低硝酸盐含量,延缓Vc含量的降低。贮藏2d后,DMPP处理小青菜硝酸盐、Vc含量分别降低了74.4和9mg·kg-1,而对照处理分别降低了54.4和50mg·kg-1,处理间硝酸盐、Vc降幅差异均达5%显著水平。贮藏2～4d中,DMPP处理硝酸盐、Vc含量分别降低了20.1和91mg·kg-1,而对照处理分别降低了144.7和84mg·kg-1,处理间硝酸盐含量降幅差异达5%显著水平。贮藏4～6d中,对照处理硝酸盐含量升高了60.6mg·kg-1,DMPP处理升高了76.2mg·kg-1,Vc含量分别降低23和117mg·kg-1,且处理间降幅差异达5%显著水平。蔬菜贮藏时间不要过长,以不超过4d为宜。