动物产品及饲料中牛源和羊源性成分PCR检测方法的优化

以牛肉、山羊肉为试验材料，对动物产品及饲料中牛源、羊源性成分PCR检测方法进行了优化。结果，牛源性成分的最低检测限可达10μg/g，羊源性成分的最低检测限达0．1μg/g。PCR检测和酶切鉴定结果表明，在水平测试的混合饲料粉中可检出牛源、羊源性成分。     

动物产品中牛、羊源性成分多重PCR检测方法的建立

以肉骨粉、鱼粉、猪肉干和鱼肉干为研究对象,异硫氰酸胍法提取总DNA,18S rDNA片段的扩增结果表明提取到的DNA中不存在抑制PCR的物质。应用梯度PCR技术对牛、羊源性成分检测的退火温度进行了优化,在单一PCR检测技术的基础上分别进行了18S rDNA片段和牛、羊源性成分的多重PCR分析,得到了预期的结果。试验表明,本文建立的多重PCR方法具有快速、简便、准确等特点,对动物产品牛、羊源性成分检测具有重要意义。     

动物源性饲料中牛源和羊源性成分的检测方法

主要介绍了几种动物源性饲料中牛源和羊源性成分检测较为常用的检测法:显微组织检测法、免疫学法、近红外光谱检测法和PCR检测法以及不同检测方法的适用范围,重点介绍了PCR检测法及注意事项。     

动物油脂中DNA的提取及牛、羊源性成分的PCR检测

用异硫氰酸胍法提取鱼油、加入牛肉DNA的鱼油、加入山羊肉DNA的互油和牛油中的DNA。18S rDNA片段以及牛、羊源性成分的PCR扩增结果表明，建立的动物油脂DNA提取方法是可行的。用建立的DNA提取方法提取3份送检鱼油的DNA，牛、羊源性成分的PCR检测结果均为阴性。     

应用多重Taqman-LNA荧光PCR同时检测肉制品中猪鸡鸭源性成分

为了建立同时检测肉制品中猪、鸡、鸭3种动物源性成分的多重Taqman-LNA荧光PCR,给打击肉制品掺假提供技术手段。针对动物线粒体基因组的保守序列,设计特异性引物和Taqman-LNA探针,建立同时检测肉制品中猪、鸡、鸭源性成分的多重荧光PCR方法,并应用于市售肉制品的检测。建立的多重Taqman-LNA荧光PCR方法可同时检测肉制品中上述动物源性成分,与牛、羊、驴、兔、鹅等动物源性成分无交叉反应,其检测限均达到肉含量的0.001%。对170份市售肉制品检测发现,有42份样品检出与标签标示成分不符的肉种成分,样品不合格率为24.7%。本研究建立的多重Taqman-LNA荧光PCR方法可同时检测肉制品中猪、鸡、鸭3种动物源性成分,具有特异、快速、经济、高效等优点,可适应于肉制品中多种肉源性成分的高通量检测。     

饲料中牛、羊源性成分现场可视化检测方法的建立

根据牛、羊线粒体中物种特异性序列设计引物,应用可视化环状等温扩增技术（visual loop-mediate isothermal amplification,vLAMP）对牛、羊源性成分进行快速扩增及可视化判断,同时建立牛、羊源成分人工污染的饲料模型,考察vLAMP检测方法的灵敏度。结果表明,牛源性引物和羊源性引物仅分别对牛、羊源性成分产生特异性扩增,灵敏度高达0.001%。本试验所建立的牛、羊源性成分现场可视化筛查方法具有较高的特异性与灵敏度,操作简单、快速,可用于饲料中牛、羊源性成分污染和食品掺伪的现场可视化检测。     

实时荧光PCR法检测饲料中牛、羊源性成分

为了快速准确地检测饲料中牛、羊源性成分,试验采用实时荧光PCR方法,分别以牛、羊各自物种特异性基因为研究对象,设计实时荧光PCR扩增的特异性引物及探针,建立饲料中牛、羊源性成分的实时荧光PCR检测方法。结果表明:该检测方法特异性强、灵敏度高(达到0. 01%),可以作为饲料中牛、羊源性成分检测的常规方法。通过对15种市售饲料样品进行检验,结果 2种饲料骨粉未标明含有羊源性成分,但检出;1种饲料骨粉标签中未标明成分,但检出牛源性成分,证实该方法操作简便快捷,可以快速、准确、大批量地开展饲料的日常检测工作。     

2种PCR方法检测饲料中牛和羊源性成分灵敏度

疯牛病自发生以来已给全球畜牧业带来了巨大的损失,已成为一种严重危害人类生命安全的传染病.因此,建立起有效的饲料中牛和羊源性成分的检测方法,避免带病毒的动物和饲料在市场上和国际间流通显得刻不容缓.目前,我国主要采用PCR方法进行饲料中牛和羊源性成分的检测.文章拟对普通PCR和Realtime PCR 2种方法的灵敏度进行比较,希望寻找出一种有效和灵敏度更高的方法,为实际的检测工作提供依据.     

动物产品的DNA提取方法

采用以异硫氰酸胍法为基础的提取方法分别提取牛肉、山羊肉、鸡肉、猪肉干、鱼粉、牛奶粉、牛奶、鱼油以及牛油中的DNA,18S rDNA片段的PCR扩增结果表明各样品已提取到DNA,且DNA中不含抑制PCR的物质。牛肉、牛奶粉、牛奶、加入牛肉DNA的鱼油和牛油的牛源性成分PCR检测结果为阳性;山羊肉和加入山羊肉DNA的鱼油的羊源性成分PCR检测结果为阳性;牛、羊源性成分PCR产物经酶切鉴定为非假阳性。这些结果显示本研究建立的动物产品DNA提取方法是可行的。     

应用多重PCR同时检测牛、羊源性成分

我们选择了3对引物A,B,C.A可扩增大多数脊椎动物(哺乳类、鸟类、爬行类、两栖类和鱼类)细胞色素b基因上一个371 bp的区段,B可扩增位于牛mtDNAD-loop区段内的一个274 bp的区段,C可扩增羊mtDNA基因上一个199bp的区段.由于3对引物扩增的产物分别相差约100 bp左右,可通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离来并观察结果,建立了基于内对照的同时检测牛、羊源性成分的三重PCR方法.     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

广西芒果主要病虫害及其防治

广西是我国主要的芒果生产基地。随着基地建设的发展,芒果病虫害已成为目前栽培管理的主要问题。为此,在调查、研究的基础了介绍了当前芒果生产中常见的病虫害,并提出了防治措施,以期为生产上提供技术参考。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。