草地螟性诱试验及其应用效果评价

2011～2012年在河北省康保县对草地螟性诱剂进行了田间诱蛾效果试验。结果证明,1～4号试验诱芯对越冬代、1代成虫都有诱蛾效果,以4号、2号诱蛾效果较好;与常规监测工具普通黑光灯和自动虫情测报灯对比,性诱剂诱蛾量低、诱测日数少,但两类工具诱蛾曲线峰型基本一致。分析认为,草地螟性诱剂诱蛾可作为电力供应缺乏地区对草地螟的一种辅助监测手段,并且可用于当地短期预报和防治指导。     

佳多牌虫情测报灯与普通黑光灯应用比较

沧县是个农业大县,病虫害种类繁多。县植保站很重视病虫害的预测预报工作,用黑光灯诱测害虫已进行了20年。2002年开始使用佳多牌智能型虫情测报灯(简称佳多测报灯)进行害虫预测预报,并与普通测报黑光灯(简称普通黑光灯)就诱集害虫种类、数量、发生期及高峰日进行比较。结果表明,佳多测报灯与普通黑光灯诱集害虫的种类相近,但诱虫数量大于普通黑光灯,蛾峰日明显。此外,因佳多测报灯采用了光控开关,雷雨天自动关灯等优点,减轻了测报工作人员的工作量,优化了测报工作人员的工作环境。2005年佳多测报灯与普通黑光灯诱测结果比较如下。1诱蛾种类2…     

河南省不同测报工具对草地贪夜蛾成虫诱集效果初探

于2019年,在河南省开展了不同测报工具对草地贪夜蛾成虫诱集效果的研究。通过对市售草地贪夜蛾性诱剂诱捕器和自动虫情测报灯、高空测报灯的诱蛾情况调查发现,草地贪夜蛾性诱剂诱捕器和两种测报灯在7—9月的诱蛾量变化基本一致,以9月的诱蛾量较大,均可指示田间害虫的盛发期。不同性诱剂诱捕器产品的诱蛾量总体不高,其中以有效成分(含量≥3 mg)为顺-7-十二碳烯乙酸酯、顺-9-十四碳烯乙酸酯、顺-11-十六碳烯乙酸酯、顺-9-十二碳烯乙酸酯的PE胶管诱芯Ⅰ和有效成分(含量1.45 mg)为顺-7-十二碳烯乙酸酯、顺-9-十四碳烯乙酸酯的PVC胶管诱芯Ⅱ诱蛾量相对较大,7—9月平均累计诱蛾量分别为31.27头/诱捕器和28.49头/诱捕器。灯诱监测草地贪夜蛾的始见期晚于性诱监测结果,7—9月自动虫情测报灯和高空测报灯的平均累计诱蛾量分别为17.11和166.80头/灯,在害虫具一定种群数量时监测效果较好。     

佳多自动虫情测报灯和普通黑光灯灯下主要害虫消长规律的比较

2002～2004年,通过对佳多自动虫情测报灯和普通黑光灯诱集的重要害虫数据统计分析,研究两种灯在农田诱集昆虫消长动态的差别。结果表明,佳多自动虫情测报灯诱集粘虫、玉米螟、豆天蛾、小地老虎、棉铃虫、二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟、白背飞虱、褐飞虱等主要害虫的灯下成虫消长曲线与普通黑光灯(白炽灯)基本吻合,但峰数偏多,峰值偏高,有时始见期偏早,终见期偏晚,成虫发生盛期、雌成虫发生盛期有所提前,高峰日、雌成虫高峰日偏早。     

稻纵卷叶螟种群动态变化的探照灯诱虫器监测

2007-2009年连续3年应用探照灯诱虫器和佳多自动虫情测报灯,并结合雌蛾卵巢解剖对稻纵卷叶螟种群进行了监测.结果表明:探照灯诱虫器能有效监测稻纵卷叶螟种群动态,其数量变化规律与佳多测报灯灯下虫量变化规律基本一致,监测峰次多于佳多灯.探照灯诱虫器对稻纵卷叶螟的诱蛾量显著高于佳多灯,且对起飞迁出、过境、迁入降落虫群均具有较强诱捕作用.据此提出了以探照灯诱虫器、佳多测报灯诱虫突增情况和雌蛾卵巢解剖情况为标准的探照灯诱虫器诱蛾虫源性质判断方法,并以此方法,对探照灯诱虫器诱捕迁入、过境和迁出稻纵卷叶螟进行了个例分析.     

不同诱测工具对黏虫种群的监测效果

1985—2016年康保县一直采用黑光灯、糖醋酒诱蛾器和杨树枝把监测黏虫田间种群动态,对预测预报和防治发挥了重要指导作用。近年来随着监测工具的改进,自动虫情测报灯、高空诱虫灯在黏虫种群动态监测中广泛应用,进一步提升了黏虫的监控水平。分析认为,各监控工具在监测中各有长处和不足之处,合理使用这些监控工具有助于提升对黏虫的监控、预报和防控水平。     

不同诱测方法对水稻二化螟成虫的监测效果研究

2011年应用黏胶型性诱剂诱捕器和虫情测报灯两种诱测方法在达县进行了对水稻二化螟监测效果的对比试验。结果表明,黏胶型性诱捕器监测二化螟效果好,具有诱蛾量大、性能稳定、峰型明显、预警准确性高等特点,在各代成虫诱测中,效果优于虫情测报灯;性诱剂诱捕器监测对二化螟还具有一定兼治作用,1代枯鞘株率防效达33.24%、2代白穗率防效达27.51%。同时,分析了作物生育期、气象因子和非靶标昆虫对性诱捕效果的影响。讨论了性诱捕器在二化螟监测预警与控制技术的推广应用中应注意和需进一步研究的问题。     

高空测报灯与自动虫情测报灯监测黏虫的比较试验

为进一步掌握黏虫的迁飞规律,河北省滦县设立了高空测报灯监测点。对比分析2014—2016年高空测报灯和自动虫情测报灯监测数据表明,高空测报灯监测黏虫数量变化动态与自动虫情测报灯基本一致,能反映出黏虫在当地的代次区别。与自动虫情测报灯相比,高空测报灯监测黏虫的终见日更晚、有效监测期更长,对当地主发代2代成虫峰期的反映更为明显、峰日诱蛾量高,且峰期和峰值与当地3代幼虫发生期和发生量有一定相关性。同时,高空测报灯也能监测到3代成虫回迁峰,对指示黏虫在全国的大区迁飞动态有重要作用。     

佳多新型虫情测报灯的特点及应用技术

测报灯是观测农作物害虫发生动态的主要工具之一.长期以来,我国在害虫灯诱监测方面一直使用的是黑光灯.这种灯需要测报人员每天早出晚归开灯、关灯,使用极不方便.为减轻病虫测报人员的工作强度,推动监测工作的科技进步,农业部全国农业技术推广服务中心和河南汤阴佳多科工贸有限公司联合研制开发的第二代智能型虫情测报灯"佳多牌虫情测报灯",在实现与测报历史资料接轨的基础上,达到了害虫灯光监测的自动化,是国内自动化程度较高的高科技产品.     

智能虫情测报灯在水稻害虫测报上的应用效果

虫情测报灯是基层植保部门观测农作物害虫发生动态的主要工具.长期以来,我国在害虫灯诱监测方面一直使用的是黑光灯,这种灯需要测报人员每天早出晚归开灯、关灯,使用极不方便.     

探照灯诱虫带对迁飞草地螟的空中阻截作用

针对2008年8月初草地螟1代成虫在北京市区的突然暴发,利用300台探照灯诱虫器在北京北郊建立两条阻截带,并辅以频振式杀虫灯形成立体式防控。安置探照灯诱虫器阻截带之前,延庆（阻截带前）、昌平（阻截带间）、朝阳（阻截带后）3个地区地面灯诱虫器日平均诱虫量差异不显著(F=1.317,n=87,p=0.273>0.05),日诱虫量呈极显著相关［R(延庆-昌平)=0.994（p<0.01）,R（延庆-朝阳）=0.995（p<0.01）,R（昌平-朝阳）=0.920（p<0.01）］;设置阻截带后日平均诱虫量差异呈极显著水平(F=8.486,n=231,p<0.01),昌平和朝阳日诱虫量呈极显著相关（R=0.904,p<0.01）,延庆和昌平呈显著相关（R(延庆-昌平)=0.475,p<0.05）,延庆和朝阳相关性不显著（R=0.287,p>0.05）。结果表明探照灯诱虫器可有效拦截空中迁飞的草地螟成虫。设置探照灯诱虫器阻截带这一应急措施不但确保了北京奥运会的顺利举办,而且也可作为一种新的植物保护技术在生产中加以应用。     

Catching Ips duplicatus (Sahlberg) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) with pheromone‐baited traps: optimal trap type,colour, height and distance to infestation

BACKGROUND: Field trapping experiments were carried out to evaluate effective trap characteristics for maximising Ips duplicatus (Sahlberg) catches in pheromone‐baited traps in China. RESULTS: Window‐slot and cross‐barrier traps had significantly higher catches than multiple‐funnel traps. The colour of window‐slot traps showed a significant effect on catches, with dark colours (black and red) being more effective than light colours, especially white and yellow. Window‐slot traps at a 1.5–2.0 m level caught more beetles than those at either ground level (0–0.5 m) or at 3.5–4.0 m. Ips duplicatus can be attracted to pheromone‐baited traps over a distance of > 100 m from the forest edge in an open grassy field. There was a strong diurnal pattern of flight activity, with catches on window‐slot traps occurring during the daytime with one broad peak at mid‐ to late afternoon. The seasonal flight activity of I. duplicatus as monitored by pheromone‐baited window‐slot traps during 2007–2008 indicated that three major flight peaks occurred in early June, late June–early July and late July respectively, suggesting the existence of a potential second generation. CONCLUSION: The optimal trap characteristics will improve the performance of pheromone‐baited traps as a critical monitoring or mass‐trapping tool to combat outbreaks of this pest species. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

草地螟成虫对不同光波和光强的趋光性

通过室内测定昆虫趋性行为,研究了不同波长单色光和白光刺激下草地螟成虫趋光反应及其与光强度之间的相互关系。结果表明:一定时间暗适应后的草地螟成虫对单色光和白光刺激均具有趋光行为反应,在340~605nm波长范围内,其趋光反应率表现为大小较复杂的几个峰,其中最为主要的两个峰值分别在紫外区360 nm和近紫外的400 nm区;在试验的光强度范围内,草地螟成虫趋光反应率随单色光和白光光强度的增强而升高;性别、蛾(日)龄对其光谱、光强反应曲线均有一定影响,雌性较雄性的趋光反应率高,初羽化(1日龄)成虫趋光反应较不明显,随着蛾龄的增加,成虫趋光反应率明显升高,10日龄时雌蛾还具有明显的趋光行为。这些数据为草地螟诱虫灯具的研发、推广应用以及诱杀效果的科学评价提供了理论依据。     

黑肩绿盲蝽与褐飞虱的伴迁行为研究

天敌伴迁具有重要的生态学和行为学意义,黑肩绿盲蝽Cyrtorhinus lividipennis（Reuter）捕食褐飞虱 Nilaparvata lugens（St?l）的卵和低龄若虫,因此,明确迁飞习性及其与褐飞虱的伴迁关系,有助于指导褐飞虱的综合治理。2008-2012年在广西兴安县设置探照灯和佳多自动虫情测报灯,监测黑肩绿盲蝽和褐飞虱的季节性消长动态。结果发现,黑肩绿盲蝽在两种灯下的始见期都迟于褐飞虱,相同时间段内两者的诱集量呈显著正相关;7月下旬至8月下旬是黑肩绿盲蝽的发生高峰期;蝽虱比达到或超过1：1.1时对褐飞虱的种群发展有一定的控制作用;灯诱黑肩绿盲蝽种群中性比一般大于1：1。     

婺源县茶尺蠖发生规律的研究

茶尺蠖是茶叶上的重要食叶性害虫,影响茶叶的产量与品质。为了解茶尺蠖的发生规律,2011—2013连续3年应用佳多牌虫情测报灯对婺源县茶尺蠖类害虫的发生种类、数量、发生期及种群动态等进行了观测,试验结果表明,茶尺蠖发生在婺源1年内可以发生4~5代、发生期长且世代重叠,主发生期在每年的6~9月。     

Potential for a sticky trap monitoring system for the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) on cabbages in Indonesia

Experiments on the development of a sticky trap monitoring system for the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), were carried out in six cabbage fields (two in each of three villages) in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. This region is characterized by small, closely‐situated, fields. Yellow cardboard traps with a sticky upper surface were placed 10 cm below the crop canopy, four traps per field, and were maintained throughout the 1991 growing season. Larvae were sampled weekly in quadrats centred around each trap. One village where continuous cabbage growing occurred had higher P. xylostella populations than the other two villages, where growing is discontinuous. Although the relationship between trap catches and larval populations for individual fields was weak, the relationship between catches in all fields pooled and larval populations 2 weeks later was very strong, suggesting that a region‐wide predictive system would be feasible. An increase in larval numbers as distance from the traps increased further suggests that sticky traps may have potential for use in mass trapping.     

Effects of pheromone loading, dispenser age, and trap height on pheromone trap catches of the oriental fruit moth in apple orchards

The effects of field aging (0–28 days) and pheromone loading rate on the longevity of red rubber septa loaded with the sex pheromone blend of the oriental fruit mothGrapholita molesta (Busck), were evaluated in North Carolina apple orchards in 2002. Separate field tests examined the influence of trap height and pheromone loading rate of rubber septa on trap catches of adultG. molesta males in an abandoned orchard. The loss of the major pheromone component, (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (Z8–12:OAc), from red rubber septa over a 4-week period exhibited a relatively constant release rate with 30, 100 and 300 μg pheromone. Trap catch was significantly higher in pheromone traps placed in the upper canopy than in those in the lower canopy. Pheromone traps baited with 100μg lures caught more moths compared with those loaded with 300 μg. There was no apparent relationship between pheromone trap catch and septa age, with trap catch appearing to be primarily a function ofG. molesta population density. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 14, 2006.     

Distribution of the box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis Walker 1859) in the north‐eastern part of the Carpathian Basin with a new Ukrainian record and Hungarian data

After it was recorded in South‐West Germany and the Netherlands in 2007, the box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis) spread rapidly in Europe and appeared in West Hungary in 2011. In the eastern part of the country the first specimen was caught in 2015 with a blacklight trap. On the basis of specimens of C. perspectalis caught in blacklight, pheromone or feeding attractant traps, the authors summarize its distribution and publish four new records from Hungary and the first data from West Ukraine (Transcarpathia). The flight dynamics of three generations of this pest are also described for 2015 and 2016.     

2014年我国草地螟发生情况解析

2014年我国草地螟继续维持2010年以来的轻发态势,发生面积小、发生区域缩减、种群密度低,是第三个暴发周期以来发生最轻的年份。造成轻发的原因主要是越冬虫源基数小、春季死亡率高、关键发生期气象条件不利。在轻发年份进行系统调查和持续监测,对掌握草地螟种群动态、揭示年度变化规律、进行长周期预测有重要意义。