猪轮状病毒的分子流行病学研究进展

轮状病毒是引起儿童和幼龄动物急性胃肠炎的主要病因之一,在世界范围内广泛存在,是一种重要的人兽共患病病原。猪轮状病毒是引起哺乳仔猪和断奶仔猪急性胃肠炎的主要病原之一,有复杂的病原流行病学特征和遗传多样性。目前尚无针对该病的有效治疗药物,疫苗接种仍是防控该病的主要措施。掌握猪轮状病毒的分子流行动态,可对诊断猪轮状病毒病和新型疫苗的研究提供科学依据。论文对猪轮状病毒的病原和分子流行病学调查结果进行了综述,旨在阐述不同地理区域中猪轮状病毒的流行特点,为进一步开展猪轮状病毒病原研究及后期疫苗和药物的研制提供参考。     

猪轮状病毒腹泻的防治技术

随着大肠杆菌疫苗在母猪上的广泛使用，可有效保护新生仔猪免受大肠杆菌引起的腹泻之害，目前新生仔猪腹泻的一个常见原因是轮状病毒感染。因该病是一种病毒病，应用抗生素治疗无效。加强饲养管理、应用疫苗进行预防接种是控制轮状病毒感染的有效手段。     

猪轮状病毒病的基本概述及防控技术要点

猪轮状病毒病是由猪轮状病毒引起的,能够导致猪呕吐、腹泻的非细菌性传染病,世界范围广泛流行。该病覆盖全部年龄段的猪只,10日龄的仔猪较其他阶段更易感染,症状最为严重,给我国猪养殖业带来了严重的经济损失。本文从猪轮状病毒的分子结构、基因组学、理化特性以及猪轮状病毒病发病机理、流行趋势、诊断预防和疫苗研究进展等多个角度进行概述,为我国猪轮状病毒病的防控诊治研究提供参考。     

猪轮状病毒的疫苗研究现状

猪轮状病毒主要引起猪尤其是仔猪的腹泻,此病分布广泛,给我国乃至全球养猪业带来严重的经济损失。疫苗接种是预防和控制猪轮状病毒感染的最佳途径。目前,猪轮状病毒疫苗种类较多,有传统疫苗、多价重组疫苗、基因重组疫苗、核酸疫苗、转基因疫苗等等。就多种轮状病毒疫苗进行概述,分析不同种类疫苗的研究现状、优缺点,讨论不同疫苗的免疫途径,以期对临床上猪轮状病毒的防治提供参考。     

猪轮状病毒的分子流行病学研究进展

猪轮状病毒是引起仔猪非细菌性腹泻的主要病原之一,病毒的单纯感染及混合感染直接或间接影响猪群生产力而导致巨大的经济损失。寻找一款安全有效的疫苗迫在眉睫,本文对猪轮状病毒的分子流行病学作一简要综述,为致病机制的研究和新型疫苗的研制奠定基础。     

腹腔注射和抗生素共用治疗仔猪水样腹泻的体会

仔猪发热水样腹泻是仔猪出现如稀粥或水样的一类腹泻性疾病,以发病急、死亡率高为特点,在哺乳期的仔猪是死亡率就更高了,引起该病的病原有猪传染性胃肠炎、猪大肠杆菌病、猪流行性腹泻、猪轮状病毒性腹泻、猪痢疾、夏季料槽剩余饲料变质     

猪流行性腹泻疫苗研究进展

猪流行性腹泻是一种由猪流行性腹泻病毒引起的以仔猪严重呕吐、水样腹泻和死亡为特征的急性肠道传染病。近年来该病在世界范围内均有流行,尤其在亚洲东南部。随着生物技术的发展,研究学者们对该病疫苗的研制进行着各种探索,本文主要针对猪流行性腹泻疫苗的研究进行综述,并对未来疫苗发展做出展望。     

山莨菪碱与西咪替丁联合治疗仔猪轮状病毒病肠炎58例

轮状病毒(rotavirus,RV)是仔猪感染性腹泻的常见病原,是引起仔猪腹泻的主要致病因子。仔猪的主要症状为厌食、呕吐、下痢,中猪和大猪为隐性感染,没有症状。病原体除猪轮状病毒外,从小孩、犊牛、羔羊、马驹分离的轮状病毒也可感染仔猪引起不同程度的症状。世界上任何地区仔猪大部分都感染过轮状病毒,严重地影响仔猪健康,为寻找更有效的治疗方法,本人对58例轮状病毒性肠炎仔猪应用山莨菪碱联合西咪替丁治疗,取得了较好疗效,现报告如下。1流行特点轮状病毒主要存在于病猪及带毒猪的消化道,随粪便排到外界环境后,污染饲料、饮水、垫草及土壤等,…     

仔猪轮状病毒感染的诊断

猪轮状病毒感染是由呼肠弧病毒科（Reoviridae）、轮状病毒属、猪轮状病毒（Porcine rotavirus，PRV）引起的一种急性肠道传染病。主要经口感染，可在多种动物之间流行。该病多发生于哺乳仔猪和断奶仔猪，育成猪和成年猪一般呈隐性感染。主要以仔猪厌食、呕吐、腹泻、脱水为特征。该病呈世界性分布，在我国猪轮状病毒感染非常普遍，给畜牧业造成严重的经济损失。     

一例猪流行性腹泻病毒与轮状病毒混合感染病例的诊断与治疗

2022年4月中旬,湖南永州某猪场暴发一例仔猪腹泻病例,且发病仔猪死亡率较高,使用常规抗生素治疗基本无效。观察病猪临床症状,经过病理剖检,并采集肠组织样品进行细菌分离和常见腹泻相关病原PCR检测,确定该病是猪流行性腹泻病毒和轮状病毒混合感染引起的。根据诊断结果采取系列防控措施,该病得到有效治疗。     

近期部分规模化猪场猪伪狂犬病野毒抗体监测情况调查

猪伪狂犬病仍然是我国猪群的重要威胁性传染病，通常造成母猪繁殖障碍以及仔猪的神经症状和高死亡率，同时伪狂犬病病毒也是猪呼吸系统疾病综合征的重要原发性病原。用gE-ELISA野毒鉴别诊断方法共检测了来自8个省、市46个猪场1940份血清样品，其中阳性样品657份，样品总阳性率33.87%，阳性猪场25个。在检测的各场中，阳性率最高猪场达到75.76%(125/165)。而部分进行了科学的疫苗免疫和实施了严格的生物安全措施的猪场始终保持猪伪狂犬病阴性(0/135)。利用基因缺失疫苗科学免疫配合伪狂犬抗体鉴别诊断技术是控制和净化伪狂犬病的重要手段。     

轮状病毒分子生物学研究进展

轮状病毒(rotavirus,RV)是引起婴幼儿和多种幼龄动物非细菌性腹泻病的主要病原之一,全世界每年因该病所引起人和动物死亡数量众多,并造成了巨大的经济损失。因此,世界卫生组织呼吁将RV疫苗的研制列为最优先发展的疫苗项目之一。对RV的分子生物学研究进展进行了综述,旨在为更好地开展轮状病毒相关基因的实验室研究提供基础。     

Antibody response in mice, rabbits and pigs in response to vaccination with an inactivated oil vaccine containing rotavirus and Escherichia coli strains with K88, K99 and 987P fimbrial antigens]

In trials with mice, rabbits and weanling piglets, four experimental charges of a combined inactivated oil vaccine against diarrhoeas in mammals were tested: the vaccine was to be implanted to sows and it contained porcine rotavirus (PRV); two charges also contained bovine rotavirus and bacterins of enterotoxicogenic strains of E. coli with protective antigens K88, K99 and 987P. At low starting antibody titres the twofold i.m. implantation of 0.2 ml vaccine stimulated in mice the production of antibodies to reach the average titre value of 1:128 against PRV and of 1:256 against BRV; in rabbits the twofold i.m. implantation of 2 ml vaccine stimulated the antibody development to reach the average titres of 1:508 or 1:500, and in weanlings after the twofold i. m. implantation of the vaccine the titres were 1:1028 or 1:469; in mice agglutination antibodies to antigen K88 had the average value of 1:68, to antigen K99 the value of 1:44 and to antigen 987P the value of 1:8192; in rabbits the respective titres were 1:285, 1:136 and 1:6006 and in pigs 1:570, 1:631 and 1:8192. The antibodies to antigen 987P persisted at the same level in pigs for six months. Even though there was a gradual decrease in the antibodies to antigens K88 and K99, at that time the values were 9.8 times, or 15.2 times higher than the starting values, and only the antibodies to PRV dropped to the pre-vaccination level. Repeated administration of vaccine to pigs after six months from revaccination induced, with the exception of antigen 987P, an increase in antibodies in a fortnight to reach such titres that were recorded after revaccination.     

Genotypic screening of pseudorabies virus strains for thymidine kinase deletions by use of the polymerase chain reaction.

Genetic recombination between field strains and vaccine strains of pseudorabies virus (PRV) has been suggested as a scenario that might arise from use of deletion-mutant modified-live vaccine strains, particularly those strains attenuated by deletions within the thymidine kinase (TK-) gene locus. To address this hypothesis experimentally, it is necessary to screen large numbers of PRV isolates for their TK genotype. Techniques to detect the native TK genotype are routinely used in molecular virology laboratories, but are time-consuming. We adapted the polymerase chain reaction to define the genotypic status of PRV isolates with regard to the presence or absence of deletions in the TK gene locus. Used in tandem with the existing glycoprotein-specific ELISA that discriminate between PRV-vaccinated and field strain-infected swine populations, the described technique may help to clarify whether vaccine-derived recombinants are generated under natural conditions and after normal vaccine usage.     

2018年陕西省部分地区小型猪场猪瘟、伪狂犬病、口蹄疫免疫抗体检测分析

农户散养生猪在我国养殖业中占较大比例,疫苗免疫是猪场防控传染病最有效的措施,抗体检测是评价疫苗免疫效果的直接指标和分析猪场疫病风险的主要依据。2018年5月,在陕西省的57个接种了猪瘟(CSF)、猪伪狂犬病(PR)和O型口蹄疫(FMD-O)疫苗的散养猪场分别采集血液,分离血清。每场采样2份~20份,共收集302份血清,分别检测CSFV、PRV gB和FMDV-O血清抗体。结果显示,送检样品的CSFV抗体平均阳性率为88.1%(266/302),PRV gB抗体平均阳性率为99.6%(301/302),FMDV-O抗体平均阳性率为98.3%(297/302)。CSFV抗体100%阳性的猪场有36个,占总数的63.2%;不足100%的猪场中,抗体阳性率最高为83.3%,最低为20%。PRV gB抗体100%阳性的猪场有56个,占总数的98.2%;FMDV-O抗体100%阳性的猪场有52个,占总数的91.2%;不足100%的猪场中,抗体阳性率最高为85.7%,最低为50%。结果表明,检测猪场的3种疫苗免疫抗体阳性率普遍较高,猪场疫病防控意识和疫苗免疫情况较好。     

携带CRISPR/Cas9的重组腺联病毒对伪狂犬病病毒感染小鼠的治疗效应

猪伪狂犬病病毒(pseudorabies virus,PRV)是猪伪狂犬病的病原.目前,针对该病毒有较多成熟的商品化疫苗,但病毒变异频繁,因而在生猪养殖中伪狂犬病的发生仍然较为普遍.如何清除宿主体内野毒是防控该病的关键所在.应用腺联病毒携载CRISPR/Cas9系统,以小鼠为动物模型,针对PRV的TK基因、gE基因和V...     

猪轮状病毒的分离与鉴定

将疑似感染猪轮状病毒的内蒙古某猪场的腹泻仔猪粪便样品在MA104细胞上分离培养,得到一株能产生明显细胞病变的毒株(命名为PRV L1株).经纯净性检测,该毒株无菌生长、无支原体污染及外源病毒污染.特异性检测结果显示该PRV L1株能被猪轮状病毒单特异性血清中和,并可被猪轮状病毒单克隆抗体识别,其VP7基因序列与G5型猪轮状病毒VP7基因序列同源性为99％.动物回归试验结果表明,该毒株口服攻击3日龄仔猪,可引起典型的猪轮状病毒病发病症状,并能在发病仔猪小肠内容物中检测到猪轮状病毒.     

鉴别猪伪狂犬病病毒gE基因缺失疫苗和野毒感染的二重PCR诊断方法的建立和应用

为建立猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)gE基因缺失疫苗和野毒感染的快速鉴别诊断方法,本研究根据猪伪狂犬病野毒具有gD表面抗原基因和gE毒力基因,而基因缺失疫苗只有gD基因无gE基因的特性,针对gD/gE基因的5'端核苷酸序列自行设计引物,建立鉴别PRV gE基因缺失疫苗和野毒感染的二重PCR诊断方法,并进行了特异性、敏感性和重复性试验;利用所建立的检测方法对临床疑似样品进行了检测.结果表明,成功建立了鉴别PRV gE基因缺失疫苗和野毒感染的二重PCR诊断方法,该方法灵敏度高,最低检出限为100拷贝/μL;重复性好;特异性强,可特异性地扩增出PRV细胞毒中的gD和gE基因及gE基因缺失疫苗毒中的gD基因,但对PK-15细胞和猪流行性腹泻病毒等其他8种病原扩增不出任何条带;自835份临床疑似PRV感染病料中共检测出PRV gD和gE基因双阳性样品即野毒感染阳性样品267份,PRV gD基因单阳性样品28份,选取该方法检测出的26份PRV野毒感染阳性样品用于病原分离培养,两种方法的符合率为96.1%.说明本试验建立的二重PCR鉴别诊断方法快速、灵敏、特异,对于临床上疫苗毒和野毒感染的快速鉴别诊断具有重要意义.     

Spread of pseudorabies virus among breeding swine in quarantined herds.

In theory, pseudorabies virus (PRV) may be eliminated from any size of breeding herd by phased test and removal if replacement gilts are not infected with PRV, culling decisions are partially based on PRV status, and the cull rate is higher than the incidence rate of PRV. Annual cull rates are commonly at least 50%, but little information exists on the incidence of PRV within enzootically infected swine herds. The purpose of this study was to develop a method by which spread of PRV could be detected among breeding swine within enzootically infected herds and to determine the incidence of PRV infection in these herds. Data were collected from 17 herds that were quarantined for PRV and ranged in size from 120 to 1,100 sows. At each herd, within the first 5 days of introduction, a group of approximately 30 replacement gilts was identified, vaccinated with a glycoprotein X-deleted PRV vaccine, and blood sample was collected. The owner of 1 herd had a nonvaccinated breeding herd and elected to leave incoming gilts nonvaccinated. After vaccination, blood samples were collected every 1 to 2 months for an average of 13.6 months. Serum samples from vaccinated gilts were tested for antiglycoprotein X antibodies by a specific differential ELISA. Samples from nonvaccinated gilts were evaluated by serum neutralization test. Product-limit method was used to estimate the probability of not becoming infected with PRV. Spread was detected in 7 of 8 herds that had more than 400 sows and in 2 of 9 herds that had less than 400 sows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)