明确目标 落实措施 认真做好松材线虫病的预防工作

松材线虫病是世界上最危险的森林病害，俗称松树癌症。尽管我省目前尚未发生松材线虫病，但已处于四面包围之中，全省267万公顷松林和张家界、南岳衡山、韶山等著名风景区的安全正受到严重威胁。预防松材线虫病是全省森防工作的第一个任务。近年，我省在国家林业局大力支持和指导下，在预防松材线虫病的宣传发动、监测、普查、技术培训等方面做了大量的工作。特别是国务院办公厅《关于进一步加强松材线虫病预防和除治工作的通知》下发和全国预防除治松材线虫病工作座谈会的召开，将使我省的松材线虫病预防工作步上一个新台阶。一、牢固树立…     

我国自然风景区松材线虫病人侵形势与预防对策

阐述了当前我国自然风景区预防松材线虫病的重要性,分析了松材线虫病入侵的严峻形势,总结了目前自然风景区预防工作存在的问题,提出了加强自然风景区松材线虫病的防控对策和建议.     

全面监测松树"癌症"--松材线虫病

６月２４日至２６日，自治区林业局在贺州市召开了全区松材线虫病预防工作座谈会，进一步贯彻落实了《国务院办公厅关于进一步加强松材线虫病预防和除治工作的通知》，传达贯彻了“全国森林病虫害防治暨松材线虫病预防和除治工作座谈会”精神，研究部署了我区松材线虫病预防工作。自治区林业局党组成员、副局长廖培来作了重要讲话，各地市林业局、区直属国有林场分管森防工作的副局（场）长、森防站站长和有关领导共１００多人出席了会议。会议，提出了预防工作目标，落实了工作责任，自治区林业局与各地市林业局、区直属国有林场签订了２０…     

我国自然风景区松材线虫病入侵形势与预防对策

阐述了当前我国自然风景区预防松材线虫病的重要性,分析了松材线虫病入侵的严峻形势,总结了目前自然风景区预防工作存在的问题,提出了加强自然风景区松材线虫病的防控对策和建议。     

采取有力措施将松材线虫病抵御在省门外

不久前，云南省人民政府办公厅转发了《国务院办公厅关于进一步加强松材线虫病预防和除治工作的通知》，并提出了在我省贯彻落实的意见。国办、省办两个《通知》的下发，为我省松材线虫病的预防和除治工作指明了方向。我们一定要认真贯彻落实两个《通知》的精神，采取坚决有力的措施，切实做好松材线虫病的预防和除治工作。松材线虫病是松树的一种毁灭性病害，是世界上最具危险性的森林病害，有松树的“癌症”之称，在国内外均被列为重要的植物检疫对象。松材线虫病一旦发生，不但防治工作耗资巨大，而且目前尚无根本有效的除治办法。我省目…     

短波

长顺县开展松材线虫病防治工作为切实搞好松材线虫病的预防和除治工作,坚决遏制其传入与扩散,确保全县40余万亩马尾松林生态系统的安全,近日,贵州省长顺县政府召开了全县松材线虫病预防和除治工作联席会议,县林业局局长李靖介绍了全县松材线虫病预防和除治工作的开展情况,副县长韦明刚通报     

三晋林讯

省政府办公厅发出通知要求各地认真开展松材线虫病预防工作３月２４日，省政府办公厅发出《关于认真开展松材线虫病预防工作的通知》，要求全省各地认真贯彻《国务院办公厅关于进一步加强松材线虫病预防和除治工作的通知》精神，严格防范松材线虫病传入我省。通知说，凡从省外、境外调入木材和带木质包装材料的货物（如电缆托盘、摩托车包装箱等应检物品）时，货主必须严格按规定程序申报履行检疫手续，凡检疫不合格或发现货物的木质包装带疫时，必须在森林植物检疫机构的监督下，由货主对货物的木质包装进行拆除和除害处理。若有无法拆除的…     

黄山市预防松材线虫病对策

该文分析了松材线虫病在黄山市传播的可能性，阐述了黄山市预防松材线虫病具体措施和对策。主要是：建立检疫体系，杜绝人为传播；建立监测普查体系，监控疫情动态；建立生物控制带，阻止自然传播。     

当前我国松材线虫病的治理对策

本文对松材线虫病实施工程治理以来的工作进展情况进行了简要总结，对松材线虫病防治工作存在的问题的主客观原因进行了分析。在此基础上，从管理和技术结合的角度提出了针对松材线虫病的综合治理措施，也是近年来松材线虫病工程治理经验的总结，可在发生区和预防区推广应用。     

松材线虫病的危害及防控措施综述

松材线虫病作为近年来危害松树生存的毁灭性传染疾病,其危害性不容小觑,要求发病重点区域的相关人员重视对松材线虫病的防范和治理。分析了松线虫病的治病原理,并针对松材线虫病的危害,探讨了实时监测、严格加强检疫工作、科学实施林分结构调整、实行奖惩制度和从生物方面、物理方面、化学方面等松材线虫病的预防和治理措施。     

两种危害松类的新叶蜂(膜翅目, 广腰亚目, 松叶蜂科)

本文记述了中国松叶蜂昆虫两新种,马尾松吉松叶蜂和油松吉松叶蜂。文中附有形态特征图4幅。     

Chemical study and medical application of saponins as anti-cancer agents

Saponins are a group of naturally occurring plant glycosides, characterized by their strong foam-forming properties in aqueous solution. The presence of saponins has been reported in more than 100 families of plants out of which at least 150 kinds of natural saponins have been found to possess significant anti-cancer properties. There are more than 11 distinguished classes of saponins including dammaranes, tirucallanes, lupanes, hopanes, oleananes, taraxasteranes, ursanes, cycloartanes, lanostanes, cucurbitanes and steroids. Due to the great variability of their structures, saponins always display anti-tumorigenic effects through varieties of antitumor pathways. In addition, there are a large amount of saponins that still either remain to be trapped or studied in details by the medicinal chemists. This article reviews many such structures and their related chemistry along with the recent advances in understanding mechanism of action and structure–function relationships of saponins at the molecular and cellular levels. These aglycones have been described and their classification and distribution have been listed in the review. Some special saponins with strong antitumor effects have also been exhibited. Ginsenosides, belonging to dammaranes, have been found beneficial targeted on inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by suppressing its inducer in the endothelial cells of blood vessels, and then on prevention of adhering, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. Dioscin, one of the steroidal saponins, and its aglycone diosgenin also have been extensively studied on its antitumor effect by cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Other important molecules discussed include oleanane saponins such as avicins, platycodons, saikosaponins, and soysaponins along with tubeimosides.     

Decomposition and nutrient release in needle litter from nitrogen‐fertilized scots pine (pinus sylvestris) stands

Decomposition of Scots pine needle litter originating from five stands treated with different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer was measured over a 4‐year period in a mature Scots pine forest. The litter types, which differed in initial concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur, but not in gross organic composition, were studied with respect to mass loss, ingrowth of total fungal mycelium, and net release of nutrients. During the first year of decomposition, rates of mass loss and ingrowth of fungal mycelium were highest in the nutrient‐rich litter. Phosphorus concentration was found to be the main factor affecting mass‐loss rate, and the rate of fungal ingrowth was positively correlated with initial nitrogen concentration. After this initial period, decomposition rates decreased, and after 4 years, accumulated mass loss and amounts of fungal mycelium were similar in all five litter types. These findings may be due, in part, to a lower rate of lignin decomposition in nitrogen‐enriched litter. Of the elements, potassium and magnesium were most rapidly lost from the litter, and their release was most pronounced during the first year. Calcium release was proportional to the loss in organic matter. Initially, the release of nitrogen and phosphorus was positively related to their concentrations in litter, however, during later stages of decomposition the differences among litter types levelled out. There was a tendency for concentrations of all elements, except nitrogen, in the different litters to approach similar levels as decomposition proceeded. Thus, after 4 years the nutrient composition of the various litter types was very similar, except for higher nitrogen concentrations in the originally most nutrient‐rich litters. The importance of the results in terms of substrate quality in fertilized as well as in non‐fertilized forests is discussed.     

一个世纪来黑龙江省森林景观动态研究

With the help of GIS tool of ARC/INFO,ARCVIEW and FRAGSTATS,the map of forest resource distribution of Heilongjiang Province was analyzed in 1896,1949 and 1981.Using total area,mean patch size,patch density,coefficient of patch size variation,mean patch fractal dimension and mean shape index,we studied the change of forest landscape pattem and the change of each patch types in this region.As a result,the total area of forest landscape and mean patch size decreased sharply,the quantity and density of patches increased,the juxtaposition of patches weakened,the shape of patch tended to become regular,and the border of patch simplified.All these showed that the forest landscape of this area tended to fragment gradually,and the fragment of Korean pine forest is the severest.the diversity of whole forest landscape and the eveness of landscape types distribution reduced gradually.Human impact,instead of climate change and forest community succession,is the most important reason for such dramatic chages.     

桂北速生桉无性系栽培试验

对桂北全州县咸水镇种植的尾赤桉、尾巨桉等6个速生桉无性系的生长表现、寒害状况进行了调查分析,结果表明：不同速生桉无性系间生长差异显著,以无性系3（尾巨桉）、5（尾巨桉）、6（尾赤桉）3个无性系号生长最好,1号（柳窿桉）无性系生长最差。冻害是检验速生桉无性系能否适应的关键指标,所种植的速生桉无性系受冻严重,在冰雪袭击下所有试验树木均被全部压断,部分树木还被冻死而不能萌芽。类似全州县成水镇的气候条件不适宜种植尾巨桉、尾叶桉、柳窿桉等速生桉无性系。     

五味子种籽性状与种仁含油特性的个体变异规律

采用典型样株和随机取样的方法,对五味子种耔性状进行系统研究．结果表明:无性系间的种籽横径、种籽纵径、种籽厚度、种籽千粒重、种仁千粒重、种仁含油率等性状的差异达极显著水平;在供试的20个无性系中,9911、9907、9913、9919、9918、9914等6个无性系种仁含油率较高,分别为70．17％、69．77％、68．99％、67．51％、65．97％、64．15％;五味子种油的形成、积累与无性系的种籽千粒重、种仁千粒重、种籽横径、种籽纵径等指标关系不密切,而与种耔厚度关系密切,相关系数为0．670,相关关系达极显著水平．本研究结果可为以高含油率为目标的五味子品种选择提供依据．     

福建省樟树溃疡病病原菌的分离与鉴定

为了明确福建省樟树溃疡病的病原菌种类,对福建省福州市仓山区、三明市明溪县、南平市建阳区和顺昌县4个地区采集的樟树枝干溃疡样本进行分离、纯化和致病性分析,将病原菌进行系统形态学观察,并结合代表菌株的核糖体基因内转录间隔区(ITS)、翻译延伸因子(EF-1α)、RNA聚合酶Ⅱ大亚基(RPB2)和β-微管蛋白(BT)基因序列进行同源性分析,构建进化树,最终确定病原菌种类。结果表明,在福建省不同地区内采集到的75份樟树溃疡样本,经过组织分离、纯化和致病性检测,得到43个病原菌株,根据观察病原菌的菌丝生长状态和孢子特征,并结合系统进化树的结果,得到小新壳梭孢(Neofusicoccum parvum)、可可毛色二孢(Lasiodiplodia theobromae)、假可可毛色二孢(Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae)和Lasiodiplodia iranensis 4种类型菌株。接种菌株后发病症状与野外发病症状相同,但致病程度不同,其中小新壳梭孢最强,可可毛色二孢次之,L.iranensis最弱。     

Estimation of genetic variances in flood tolerance of poplar and selection of resistant F1 generations

Five Aigeiros section poplar clones were adopted as parents to produce five full-sib families through cross-breeding. Morphological, ecophysiological, and growth characteristics of the five parents and their 15 superior F1 generations were investigated during 45 days of flooding followed by a 10-day recovery period. Cuttings were subjected to two treatments: watered (control) and flooded to 10 cm above the soil surface. Results showed that flooded cuttings showed significant reduction in growth of height, root-collar diameter and leaf area, and root and total biomass yield. All 20 clones formed hypertrophied lenticels and adventitious roots by day 6–14 of flooding. In flooded cuttings, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and chlorophyll fluorescence were decreased significantly compared with the control. After flooding ended, all plants recovered rapidly. Generally, progenies showed higher growth of height, root-collar diameter, root biomass and leaf area than their parents both under flooding and control conditions, showing that heterosis existed in F1 generations, regardless of flooding. However heterosis was lower under flooding conditions than in the control. Under flooding, the highest heterosis of higher-parent in height and root-collar diameter were 68.63 and 20.83%, respectively. Variability of flood tolerance among progenies was clear in growth of height and root-collar diameter. Selection criteria for parents in cross-breeding were different between control and flooding. Relative effect values of the specific combining ability (SCA) and relative effect values of the general combining ability (GCA) of parents were more important than their flood tolerance. Progenies with a higher level of flood tolerance could be obtained, even from parents intolerant to flooding. In terms of breeding, height growth would be most important characteristic to measure in flooding conditions, and root-collar diameter growth was also very useful. Based on all measured values, the tested 20 clones were classified into three groups using hierarchical cluster analysis. Clones Lu, E4, E9, E29, A2, A8, A9, B1, B3, B4, and D8, were flood-tolerant. Clones Lf, Ha, Lm, D1, D7, F9, and F21 were moderately flood-tolerant. Clones Sm and F13 were flood-susceptible.     

四川西部甘孜、凉山地区鱼类多样性及保护研究

本文利用现有资料以及实地调查,对川西地区(甘孜、凉山)的鱼类多样性进行了分析研究。结果表明:①川西地区共有鱼类9目19科82属148种和亚种,分别占整个四川(含重庆)鱼类的61.16%和整个中国鱼类的6.15%;②各科鱼类的种数分布为鲤科最多,为82种,占整个川西鱼类总数的55.41%,其次为鳅科,占14.19%。③川西地区是鲤科鱼类的东亚类群向西扩布的西缘地带,是青藏高原鱼类区系向东延伸的东缘地区,同时是南亚鱼类向北分布的北缘区域;④川西鱼类的垂直分布状况因地貌、海拔高度变化以及生态环境的差异等呈现出一定的规律性。此外,本文还对川西鱼类资源的保护提出了建议和对策。     

竹业引领人类生活更美好

文章介绍了竹材在建筑、家具、交通、日用品等领域的应用现状,分析了竹材在性能、成本、资源量及环保等方面具有的多种优势,以及木材、塑料、钢材、陶瓷应用局限性和劣势,提出了竹木并举、以竹代塑、竹钢协同、竹瓷互补潜在的创新应用方向。在当前化石能源日益枯竭、环境压力越来越大的情况下,发展竹产业、应用竹产品是一项改变人类生活、促进绿色发展的重要举措,是健康生活、生态人居、绿色发展的正确方向。