不同株系菠萝蜜染色体倍性及基因组大小分析

【目的】为了解菠萝蜜基因组特点,研究测定了10份菠萝蜜株系的倍性和基因组大小。【方法】分别以番茄和‘妃子笑’荔枝细胞核DNA含量为内标,Otto为提取液,采用流式细胞术(FCM)测定经碘化丙啶(PI)染色的内标和菠萝蜜细胞核混合样品发出的PI荧光强度,通过比较内标和菠萝蜜DNA峰值的荧光均值比值关系,计算出不同株系菠萝蜜的倍性和基因组大小。【结果】所测的10份菠萝蜜株系都为二倍体,干苞菠萝蜜株系的基因组在(1 243.75±9.21)~(1 540.63±3.55)Mb,湿苞菠萝蜜株系的基因组约为(1 902.87±8.08)Mb。【结论】不同菠萝蜜株系之间基因组大小存在显著差异,且湿苞株系大于干苞株系。     

6种野生草莓基因组大小估算

【目的】估算野生草苺的基因组大小。【方法】以拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)为内标,利用流式细胞仪测定了6个野生草莓种7个待测样品的基因组大小。【结果】6个野生草莓种的基因组大小分别为:黄毛草莓(274±3.80)Mb,五叶草莓(红果类型)(268±3.73)Mb,五叶草莓(白果类型)(258±5.40)Mb,西南草莓(245±3.28)Mb,东北草莓(241±4.28)Mb,森林草莓(231±3.19)Mb,绿色草莓(230±2.83)Mb。【结论】野生草莓基因组大小的测定为草莓属植物基因组文库的建立及其基因组进化等研究提供了基础数据。     

荔枝多酚氧化酶基因启动子克隆与功能分析

【目的】获得多酚氧化酶(PPO)基因启动子序列并初步分析其功能,为进一步研究PPO基因表达规律及应用PPO基因启动子提供基础。【方法】通过TAIL-PCR和接头PCR方法相结合获得荔枝PPO基因启动子序列并进行生物信息学分析,序列缺失结合瞬时表达法分析核心启动子调控元件。【结果】从‘妃子笑’荔枝基因组中克隆获得了1048bp的荔枝PPO基因启动子序列,含有多种顺式作用元件。不同长度的启动子序列均能驱动GUS基因在‘妃子笑’、‘无核’和‘紫娘喜’荔枝叶片和果皮中表达,但都不能驱动GUS基因在‘妃子笑’和‘紫娘喜’荔枝种子中表达。【结论】获得了荔枝PPO基因启动子序列并获得了其调控基因表达的部分规律。     

4个优质荔枝品种生长规律及果实性状比较分析

对‘荷花大红荔’、‘脆肉荔’、‘粤引无核荔’及‘竹山六号’等4个荔枝品种定植后5年的树体生长规律进行研究,并对其果实性状进行比较分析。结果表明,4个荔枝品种的树高、冠幅和地径增长均呈较好的一致性,且‘荷花大红荔’的生长速度显著快于其他3个品种。‘荷花大红荔’属于大果型荔枝品种;‘粤引无核荔’为典型无核型荔枝品种;‘脆肉荔’果实含有较高的可溶性固形物和具有较高的焦核率。     

瓠瓜基因组测定

以4份来自中国不同地区的瓠瓜(Lagenaria siceraria(Molina)Standl.)纯系为试材,采用流式细胞术测定其基因组大小。结果表明:6种细胞核裂解液对瓠瓜嫩叶进行处理,发现Otto I最适合瓠瓜细胞裂解;从5种候选内标作物中筛选出水稻日本晴(Oryza sativa L.var.Nipponbare)为最适内标作物;4份中国瓠瓜种质资源的基因组大小为329.11~344.56Mb。     

不同方法提取野生荔枝基因组DNA效果的比较

以广东、广西地区的3个野生龙眼的幼嫩叶片为试材,采用SDS法、常规CTAB法和改良2× CTAB法提取荔枝叶片基因组DNA,比较研究从富含多酚、多糖和色素等次生代谢物质的野生荔枝叶片中获得高质量DNA的提取方法.结果表明:采用改良的2×CTAB法提取的荔枝叶片基因组DNA纯度最高、质量最佳,可直接用于荔枝叶绿体DNA trnL-F基因的PCR扩增分析,且扩增后条带清晰.表明改良的2×CTAB方法获得的DNA纯度和产率较高,符合进行野生分子标记的实验要求.     

荔枝蒂蛀虫的产卵选择性研究

【目的】荔枝蒂蛀虫是荔枝、龙眼上的主要害虫,深入认识其产卵选择机制,对于该虫的有效控制有重要意义。【方法】通过产卵选择试验,测定荔枝蒂蛀虫对荔枝果实、产卵介质表面纹理结构、颜色、形状和大小以及荔枝嫩叶和老叶等的产卵选择。【结果】荔枝果实可吸引荔枝蒂蛀虫产卵,即使在无法接触果实的情况下,成虫也可在产卵介质上产卵,其落卵量与直接产于果实上的落卵量无显著差异。但将荔枝果实密封包裹或烘制成果干后,则未观察到成虫在上面产卵。可见,荔枝果实吸引荔枝蒂蛀虫产卵的活性物质主要存在于其气味中。荔枝蒂蛀虫对产卵介质的表面纹理结构有选择性,成虫在200~400目(0.038~0.075 mm)筛网表面产卵较多,在复印纸、80目(0.18 mm)和100目(0.15mm)筛网表面产卵较少,该虫偏好在表面具有细小缝隙的产卵介质上产卵,表面过于光滑或缝隙过大均会减少其落卵量。但当荔枝果实被密封包裹后,即使表面纹理结构适合,成虫也不产卵。荔枝蒂蛀虫对产卵介质颜色、形状和大小均无显著的选择性。此外,荔枝蒂蛀虫可在装有荔枝嫩叶和老叶的产卵介质上产卵,其落卵量与装有荔枝果实的产卵介质上的落卵量无显著差异,说明荔枝叶片和果实一样,均可吸引成虫产卵。【结论】荔枝果实、嫩叶和老叶均可吸引荔枝蒂蛀虫产卵,该虫对产卵介质表面纹理结构有选择性。荔枝叶片表面光滑,可能是荔枝蒂蛀虫在自然条件下较少选择在叶片上产卵的重要原因。     

借助细胞流式仪进行枇杷基因组学测序材料的倍性鉴定

利用流式细胞仪进行测试枇杷品种的染色体倍数鉴定,并用低深度测序结果进行验证,据此为选择枇杷全基因组测序材料提供依据。结果表明,来自华南农业大学种质资源圃和四川石棉的‘大五星’均与‘解放钟’一样为二倍体,而来自四川农业大学的两份‘大五星’枇杷1号和188号材料均为三倍体。测序结果显示,来自华南农业大学资源圃的‘解放钟’枇杷为二倍体,773 Mb;而来自四川农大的‘大五星’枇杷1号和188号可能都为三倍体,基因组大小分别为749 Mb和765 Mb。以已确定基因组大小的植物萝卜、番茄和大豆为参照测定了‘解放钟’枇杷的基因组大小,结果为654.399 Mb。     

间伐回缩修剪对荔枝叶片光合和蒸腾作用的影响

【目的】探索间伐回缩修剪对荔枝叶片光合和蒸腾作用的影响。【方法】以‘糯米糍’荔枝树为试验材料,设定对照和采后间伐回缩修剪处理,测定秋梢叶片的光曲线、光合日变化以及比叶重等与叶片生长质量有关的指标;并根据光合日变化的数据,对影响净光合速率和蒸腾速率的生理生态因子进行通径分析。【结果】处理组叶片的光合能力和蒸腾作用显著增强,可能与叶片周围的生态因子发生变化,尤其叶片的光照条件显著改善有关;比叶重显著增加,叶片质量提高;对照叶片利用弱光的能力更强,是对环境发生生理性适应的结果;影响叶片净光合速率和蒸腾速率的主要限制因子因间伐回缩修剪而有所不同,但主导因子都是气孔导度。【结论】间伐回缩修剪有效地提高了荔枝叶片光合和蒸腾作用以及叶片质量,株行距4 m×6 m,是‘糯米滋’荔枝品种比较合理的种植密度。     

‘惠水金橘’的叶绿体基因组特征分析

【目的】分析贵州地方柑橘品种‘惠水金橘’的叶绿体基因组特征及分子标记,为研究该品种的系统进化关系、丰富柑橘类果树叶绿体分子标记奠定基础。【方法】提取‘惠水金橘’成熟叶片总DNA,构建小片段插入文库并测序,以甜橙叶绿体基因组为参考,筛选叶绿体基因组相关序列组装,开展SSR(simple sequence repeat,简单重复序列)预测、SNP(single nucleotide polymorphisms,单核苷酸多态性)/InDel(insertion-deletion,插入缺失)分析以及聚类分析。【结果】组装后获得叶绿体基因组全长为160 698 bp,GC含量为38.42%,共有117种基因被注释;检测到92个SSR位点,大部分的SSR位点都偏向于A/T组成;检测到417个SNPs位点、149个InDels位点、InDel的标记密度约为每kb 0.927个。进化树显示该品种与其他宽皮柑橘聚为一大类。【结论】利用高通量测序技术挖掘柑橘叶绿体基因组DNA分子标记是可行的。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

石榴的栽培和病虫害防治

一、栽培技术 1、繁殖和栽植石榴枝条极易生根，可用扦插、压条和分株多种方法繁殖苗木，生产上多用扦插法。插条以充实饱满的二年生枝最好，插条长约20cm，下端剪成马耳形，并将其上小枝剪除。发育健壮的一年生枝也可用作插条，老龄枝条插后成活率低，不宜应用。