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基于ITS序列的中国樱桃、欧洲甜樱桃和毛樱桃种内遗传多样性及种间关系分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对中国樱桃[Cerasus pseudocerasus(Lindl.)G.Don](地方种质35份,野生资源35份),欧洲甜樱桃[C.avium(L.)Moench](18份)和毛樱桃[C.tomentosa(Thunb.)Wall.](7份)共95份材料的核糖体内转录间隔区(ITS,internal transcribed spacer)序列进行了测定和分析,以期从ITS的DNA序列变异角度揭示种内遗传多样性及种间遗传关系。结果表明:(1)96条ITS序列比对后长度为712 bp,G+C含量为58.1%,检测到71个变异位点(9.97%),共定义了37个单倍型;中国樱桃、欧洲甜樱桃和毛樱桃的单倍型多样性和核酸多样性分别为0.840和0.00466、0.928和0.00396、0.905和0.00564,中国樱桃中栽培种质遗传多样性明显低于其野生资源;(2)种间遗传关系显示,中国樱桃与欧洲甜樱桃之间的遗传距离较近(0.019),而与毛樱桃遗传距离较远(0.048);(3)邻接聚类和单倍型网络分析显示3个种分别聚为3个分支,种间具有较大的遗传分化。同时,选择3个种的代表单倍型进行其ITS序列的二级结构预测分析,3个种之间ITS1区、ITS2区的二级结构差异较大,最小自由能差异显著,进一步揭示了3个种间的遗传关系较远。综合分析认为,3个樱桃种内均具有较高的遗传多样性,种间具有较大的遗传分化,遗传关系较远,其中毛樱桃与中国樱桃和欧洲甜樱桃的遗传关系均较远。 相似文献
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白菜与甘蓝的种间杂交及其杂种后代的研究 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:13
利用杂交授粉后子房离体培养的方法克服了白菜与甘蓝的种间不亲和性,并获得二倍体和四倍体的杂种后代。对杂种后代进行形态观察、核型研究、同工酶分析和回交试验。杂种后代的形态性状介于两亲本之间,较偏向父本。二倍体杂种有明显的生长优势,根尖细胞染色体数为19。四倍体杂种生长发育较迟缓,根尖细胞染色体数为38。杂种后代过氧化物酶同工酶表现为“偏母本的互补型”,并在二倍体杂种中出现新的酶带。杂种后代高度不育,用白菜花粉回交二倍体杂种有低度的育性,用甘蓝花粉回交则不育。回交试验与同工酶分析的结果给我们以启示,应是由于杂种细胞质基因作用的结果。 相似文献
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66个甜樱桃品种需冷量的评价与聚类分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《果树学报》2017,(4)
【目的】研究不同甜樱桃品种需冷量。【方法】2008—2013年应用7.2℃模型、0~7.2℃模型和犹他模型对11个甜樱桃品种的需冷量进行比较分析后认为,0~7.2℃模型作为需冷量的评价标准比较适宜,利用此模型对中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所樱桃种质资源圃保存的66个甜樱桃品种的花芽和叶芽需冷量进行评价,采用系统聚类法对甜樱桃品种进行分类,K-S检验法进行正态性检验。【结果】供试的66个甜樱桃品种需冷量值介于516~852 h,51个品种花芽的低温需求量低于叶芽;聚类结果显示,≤549 h的品种属于低需冷量品种,573~716 h的品种属于中需冷量品种,≥740 h的品种属于高需冷量品种,其中中需冷量品种占比约为88%;K-S检验结果显示,需冷量性状符合正态分布。【结论】以0~7.2℃模型评价国内各甜樱桃栽培区广泛栽培的品种大多属于中需冷量品种,需冷量值主要集中于550~720 h,甜樱桃品种需冷量的评价为国内栽培区的引种以及设施栽培确定扣棚控温时机提供了关键依据。 相似文献
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Hisayo Yamane Hideki Murayama Akira Sugiura 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):562-567
SummaryBased on the cDNA sequences encoding sweet cherry self-incompatibility associated ribonucleases (S-RNases), a PCR-based S-allele typing system for sweet cherry cultivars has been recently developed. Using this technique, we determined S-genotypes of the three newly released Japanese cvs Kouka-Nishiki, Beni-Sayaka and Beni-Shuho and one British cv Merton Glory that was classified as a Universal Donor, which is able to be used as a pollen donor for all cultivars in pollen incompatibility groups I to XIII. Furthermore, we also determined the partial sequences of the S-RNase genes of ‘Rainier’ (S1S4)‘ and ‘Sato-Nishiki (S3S6)’,which leads to the development of a more reliable S-allele identification method of PCR-RFLP for sweet cherry cultivars. Total DNA isolated from leaves of the four cultivars along with those from ten cultivars with known S-genotypes were PCR amplified with two sets of primers that were designed from DNA sequences encoding the signal peptide (Pru-T2) and two conserved domains (Pru-C2 and Pru-C4R) of sweet cherry S-RNases. By comparing the size of PCR products on agarose gel, the 5-genotypes of ‘Kouka-Nishiki’, ‘Beni-Sayaka’, ‘Beni-Shuho’ and ‘Merton Glory’ were suggested to be S1S3, S1S6, S4S6, and S4S6, respectively. Two of these three S-genotypes (S1S6 and S4S6) were found for the first time. DNA sequencing of PCR products from S-alleles of ‘Rainier’ and ‘Sato-Nishiki’ revealed that Ban II, Nru I, Apa LI and Ava I sites, respectively, were unique in the S1-, S3-, S4- and S6- sequences flanked by Pru-T2 and Pru-C4R primers. RFLP analysis of the PCR products using these enzymes confirmed that S1-, S3-, S4- and S6-alleles of the four cultivars contained the respective restriction enzyme recognition sites. 相似文献
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大樱桃常见优良品种及其配套高产优质栽培技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
大樱桃是欧洲甜樱桃、欧洲酸樱桃及其杂交种的总称,属蔷薇科樱桃属植物.在北方落叶果树中,大樱桃是继中国樱桃之后春季上市最早的果品,素有"春果第一枝"的美称,在调节鲜果淡季市场供应,满足人们生活需要方面,有着特殊的作用.其果实色泽鲜艳,晶莹美丽,营养丰富,外观和内在品质俱佳,被誉为"果中极品",具有极高的经济价值.近年来,随着市场经济的发展及人们消费水平的提高和饮食结构的变化,使水果生产的结构也发生了变化,小杂果不断升温,发展大樱桃热潮迭起,一些历史上很少栽培大樱桃的地区把发展大樱桃作为重点,规划果园,大批量从大樱桃生产区调入苗木,或在当地大面积育苗.为此现将生产上推广应用的品种及其配套高产优质栽培技术介绍如下,以方便广大果农. 相似文献
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A. D. Webster 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):519-527
Paclobutrazol (1.6 g a.i.), applied to the soil beneath nine year old trees of two sweet cherry cultivars in 1983, controlled shoot growth better in the year of treatment than foliar sprays (1500 followed by 750 mg l-1) of the same chemical applied in late May and early June. Although no further treatments were applied, extension growth was strongly inhibited by both treatments in the two subsequent years and some inhibition persisted for four years after treatment. Inhibition of the shoot growth of both cultivars was more severe and persisted for several years longer for trees on ‘Colt’, compared with F. 12/1 rootstock. Paclobutrazol foliar sprays reduced yields in the year of treatment, and the residual effects of both soil and foliar treatments on yields were also negative in some years, particularly on the cv. Van. The reasons for these negative effects on yields were sought in studies of flowering density, flower quality and the efficiency of fruit set and retention. 相似文献