叶面喷施硒对辣椒果实品质及微量元素的影响

以"黔椒8号"为试材,研究不同质量浓度亚硒酸钠(0(CK)、1.25、2.50、5.00、10.00、20.00mg·L^-1)对辣椒果实品质及微量元素含量的影响。结果表明:施用适宜浓度亚硒酸钠溶液能促进辣椒果实发育、品质和产量的形成,增加辣椒果实硒含量,减少镉铅的吸收,促进果实中微量元素的积累。以叶面喷施5.00mg·L^-1效果最佳,与对照相比,喷施硒处理辣椒可提高单果质量7.28%、辣椒碱含量32.21%、总糖含量53.22%、维生素C含量33.95%、可溶性蛋白质含量32.84%。硒含量增加0.002~0.016mg·kg^-1、镉含量降低39.30%~58.37%、铅含量降低50%以上。综合试验结果,在显蕾期和初花期喷施亚硒酸钠溶液有利于辣椒品质和产量的形成,以5.00mg·L^-1的喷施处理效果最佳。     

叶面喷施生物纳米硒对欧李果实品质和硒含量的影响

以欧李品种农大7号为试材,在果实硬核期、转色期、着色期喷施不同浓度的生物纳米硒,研究其对果实品质和硒含量的影响。结果表明,与清水对照相比,喷施3次生物纳米硒50倍液,果实可溶性固形物含量增加了6.67%,可滴定酸含量降低了15.79%,果实硒含量增加了近8倍,为0.014 8 mg/kg,达到我国富硒食品标准。     

叶面喷施硒肥对果树果实可溶性固形物和含硒量的影响

以梨、杏、桃、苹果和核桃为试材,叶面喷施3种浓度的亚硒酸钠肥两次,研究亚硒酸钠对果实可溶性固形物和含硒量的影响.结果表明,适宜浓度的亚硒酸钠能明显提高果实的可溶性固形物和含硒量,梨喷40mg/kg的亚硒酸钠较适宜;杏适宜浓度为30mg/kg;桃适宜浓度为30mg/kg;苹果喷50mg/kg为宜;核桃适宜浓度为40mg/kg.     

不同叶面肥对甜樱桃果实品质的影响研究

为了探究不同种类叶面肥对甜樱桃果实大小及品质的影响,进一步促进甜樱桃果实的优质丰产,以美早品种为研究对象,在果实发育期喷施3种不同的叶面肥。结果表明:喷施阿美滋和爱吉富的果实横纵径、单果重以及可溶性糖含量显著增加;可滴定酸含量升高,可溶性固形物含量降低,与对照相比无显著性差异。喷施泰宝的果实横纵径显著性增加;果实单果重增加,可溶性糖含量和可溶性固形物含量升高,可滴定酸含量降低,与对照相比均无显著性差异。整体而言,阿美滋对提高美早果实大小的影响高于其它两种叶面肥,而泰宝对果个大小的影响低于其它两种,但可显著增加果实糖酸比,提升果实品质的效果更好。     

亚硒酸钠叶面喷施对蒜黄生长与品质的影响

蒜黄生长到5,10,15,20 cm时,喷施0,50,100,150 mg/L的亚硒酸钠,调查其生长和部分营养成分的变化。研究结果表明,喷施亚硒酸钠促进了蒜黄芽体生长,鲜质量、干质量分别升高2.6%~3.8%、10.8%~11.0%;可溶性蛋白质、可溶性总糖、维生素C均有增高趋势。可溶性蛋白质含量升高最多,增加了6.7%~63.4%;纤维素的含量差异达显著水平,比对照低31.0%;钾具有大幅度提高趋势;硒含量各处理间差异显著,最高的比对照高43.62倍。     

叶面喷施硼肥对葡萄柚果实品质的影响

为改善葡萄柚果实品质,在其果实发育期(花后30~180天),叶面喷施不同浓度水平(0.2%、0.4%、0.6%)的硼肥,研究不同叶面硼肥处理对葡萄柚果实营养品质和外观品质的影响。结果表明,适量叶面喷施硼肥促进葡萄柚果实总糖、可溶性固形物、Vc、果肉硬度、单果重和可食率,降低了果实总酸含量。0.2%~0.4%范围内,葡萄柚果实品质随喷施浓度的提高而增加。综合试验结果,缺硼葡萄柚果树,可在果实发育期叶面喷施4~5次0.4%的硼砂溶液果实品质效果最好。     

叶面喷施沼液对黄冠梨品质和产量的影响

2010—2011年连续2年于黄冠梨初果期、幼果期和果实膨大期进行沼液50、100倍液叶面喷施试验。结果表明,沼液50倍液喷施效果好,可以提高黄冠梨叶片光合作用,增加叶片厚度,提高产量,明显改善果实品质,经济效益明显,可在河北省黄冠梨产区推广应用。     

叶面喷施甜菊糖对樱桃番茄生长和品质的影响

以樱桃番茄"香妃三号"为试材,研究了叶面喷施甜菊糖对设施樱桃番茄生长、品质和产量的影响。结果表明:叶面喷施甜菊糖对樱桃番茄生长有一定的抑制作用;对产量和单果重无影响,但可溶性固形物、总糖、维生素C含量增加显著。甜菊糖浓度200mg/L的处理与对照相比可溶性固形物提高了47.48%,维生素C含量提高了34.33%,总糖含量提高了15.15%,樱桃番茄品质得到提高,风味得以改善。试验表明,在每序花开花时喷施浓度为200mg/L甜菊糖最适宜。     

喷施外源硒对番茄和西瓜果实硒含量及品质的影响

以"普罗旺斯"番茄、"绿宝石"西瓜为试材,研究了喷施外源硒对番茄和西瓜果实中硒含量和品质的影响,以期为提高番茄和西瓜果实硒含量和果实品质提供参考依据。结果表明:随着硒浓度的增加,番茄和西瓜果实中硒含量明显增加。喷施较低浓度的无机硒可以有效提高番茄果实的可溶性固形物含量;喷施生物硒能有效提高西瓜果实的可溶性固形物含量。喷施无机硒可增加番茄果实中的可溶性糖和维生素C含量。     

MAP贮藏对甜樱桃品质的影响

对甜樱桃的贮藏保鲜试验表明,MAP与专用保鲜剂结合可有效地保持果实的鲜食品质,减少果实的腐烂和褐变,降低果实的呼吸强度,延长果实的贮藏期.‘红灯‘甜樱桃贮藏保鲜80 d果实的腐烂率为3.62%;对照果实只贮藏了40 d.‘雷尼‘甜樱桃贮藏保鲜110 d果实的腐烂率为2.1%,褐变率为0,果柄抽干率为0.32%;对照果实只贮藏了50 d.     

1-甲基环丙烯对甜樱桃果实褐变的影响(英文)

在预实验基础上,(24±1)°C,RH80%-90%条件下,采用1μL/L甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)对甜樱桃处理24h,后置于(0±0.5)℃条件下冷藏18d,对果实的褐变参数及相关酶活性进行检测。结果表明,1μL/L1-MCP明显抑制甜樱桃果实L觹和H°值的下降及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的上升。(0±0.5)℃贮藏18d后,1-MCP处理的果实风味和口感无明显变化,色泽和综合评分明显优于对照(P<0.05)。     

秋季叶面喷尿素对红灯樱桃产量和果实品质的影响

以红灯樱桃为试材,于秋季叶面喷施3次1%尿素,完全花比例、花粉萌芽率和坐果率分别比对照提高了11.9、10.7和13.3个百分点,产量增加23.4%,果实大小和重量以及含糖量和糖酸比也有明显提高。     

采前钙钾处理对甜樱桃果实品质和贮藏效果的影响

在预备试验基础上,于采收前15 d,通过3个浓度Ca(NO3)2与KH2PO4配合对甜樱桃喷布,结果表明,处理的果实品质好于对照,Ca2 K 能够抑制果实中POD、PPO活性,降低MDA含量,并且随浓度增加抑制作用增强,Ca2 K 处理果实腐烂率比对照降低1.34%～13.54%,褐变率降低10%～25.3%.     

花期喷激素对红灯樱桃坐果率的影响

以9年生红灯樱桃为试材,于花期喷赤霉素和细胞分裂素,研究对坐果率的影响.结果表明,盛花期喷施赤霉素能显著提高甜樱桃坐果率,以30～40 mg/kg效果较佳;赤霉素与细胞分裂素配合喷施,对提高坐果率的效果优于单喷赤霉素,20mg/kg 6-KT与30mg/kg赤霉素配合施用效果最佳,坐果率比单喷赤霉素和自然坐果分别提高6.8和21.2个百分点.     

甜樱桃裂果与防治研究进展

甜樱桃裂果是一种生理性病害,严重影响甜樱桃果品质量和经济效益。本文综合有关文献,深入分析了甜樱桃裂果的原因,从品种砧木、果实形态结构、果实生理生化特征、外界环境因子及钙素营养等方面阐述了影响甜樱桃裂果的因素,并归纳总结了甜樱桃裂果的综合防治方法。     

Improving ‘Bing’ sweet cherry fruit quality with plant growth regulators

Final fruit diameter is the prime determinant of sweet cherry fruit value. Previous research has shown that mesocarp cell size accounts predominantly for variability in final fruit size, within a genotype. Our research program evaluated the potential to improve sweet cherry fruit size/weight with growth regulators to affect cell division and/or cell expansion stages. In the current study we screened 8 plant growth regulators (PGRs), including cytokinins, gibberellins, and auxins, and their combinations for their ability to increase ‘Bing’ fruit weight. Each PGR was mixed in lanolin paste and applied to fruit pedicels at 9 or 30 days after full bloom (DAFB), to coincide with estimated peak in cell division and cell expansion activity, respectively. Several cytokinins applied 30 DAFB improved fruit weight significantly (ca. +15%) with N-(2-Chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU) and 6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino) purine (mt-Topolin) at 100 mg l⁻¹ being the most effective. Gibberellins, applied alone, improved fruit size and delayed fruit maturation and exocarp coloration. GA₃ at 200 mg l⁻¹ applied at 9 DAFB was the most effective and improved final fruit weight by 15%. Fifty-six percent of the fruit from this treatment were ≥9 g compared to 15% of similar weight fruit from untreated limbs. Both GA₃ and GA_4/7 treatments applied 9 DAFB increased fruit radial expansion. 4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid, a synthetic auxin, also stimulated higher fruit growth rates at stage I and stage II, and fruit color development, but did not improve final fruit size.     

Effects of floral and foliar application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, growth and nutrition of sweet cherry

During 2003 and 2005, plant growth promoting effects of Pseudomonas BA-8 and Bacillus OSU-142 were tested alone or combinations on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cv. 0900 Ziraat in terms of yield, growth, nutrient composition of leaves in the province of Konya, Turkey. The presence of Pseudomonas BA-8, Bacillus OSU-142 and BA-8 + OSU-142 stimulated plant growth and resulted in significant yield increase. Floral and foliar applications of BA-8, OSU-142 and BA-8 + OSU-142 in sweet cherry significantly increased yield per trunk cross-sectional area (16.3, 10.9 and 21.7%), fruit weight (4.15, 5.37 and 1.24%) and shoot length (11.3, 11.8 and 29.6%), respectively, compared with the control. In addition, N, P and K contents of sweet cherry leaves with BA-8, OSU-142 and BA-8 + OSU-142 treatments, Fe and Zn contents of leaves with BA-8 + OSU-142 treatment and Mn content of the leaves of sweet cherry with BA-8 and OSU-142 applications significantly increased. Nitrogen, P and K contents in leaves were determined to be increased from 2.00, 0.17 and 0.43% in the control to 2.19, 0.20 and 0.54% by BA-8 application, to 2.32, 0.24 and 0.54% by OSU-142 application and to 2.43, 0.22 and 0.51% by BA-8 + OSU-142 application, respectively. Co-inoculation of BA-8 + OSU-142 increased Fe and Zn contents of leaves up to 50.5 and 35.5% compared with the control, respectively. Manganese content of leaves significantly also increased by BA-8 (26.6%) and OSU-142 (27.0%) applications compared with the control. The results of the present study suggested that Pseudomonas BA-8 and Bacillus OSU-142 alone or in combination have a great potential to increase the yield, growth and nutrition of sweet cherry plant.     

赤霉素（GA3）对甜樱桃果实性状的影响

在果实生长第Ⅲ期的始期，用ＧＡ３溶液直接喷洒果实及叶片，果实单果重比对照增加１．２０３～２．６５５ｇ，果实直径比对照增加０．１４１～０．４５３ｃｍ，果汁的可溶性糖含量比对照提高０．１５％～２．２０％，Ｆ值均达到α＝０．０１水平．果实整齐度及着色程度均显著优于对照。综合果实性状，以１０×１Ｏ－６（１Ｏｐｐｍ）为最佳浓度。     

甜樱桃红灯果实发育过程中果肉及种子内源激素含量变化动态

以9a生红灯甜樱桃(Prunus avium L.)为试材,对其果实不同发育时期果肉及种子中内源激素含量的变化动态进行了测定分析,结果表明,甜樱桃果肉及种子中内源激素含量与其果实的生长发育有密切关系。果实发育第Ⅰ速长期(盛花后5～15d),果肉中生长促进型激素(ZRS、IAA和GAS)含量均较高,进入硬核期(盛花后15～25d)均呈下降趋势,其中IAA和GAS均降到最低值,随果实的第Ⅱ次速长果肉中ZRS、IAA和GAS含量均迅速增加且分别出现最大值;与之相反,种子中ZRS、IAA和GAS含量在第Ⅰ、Ⅱ速长期较低,在硬核期含量最高,这与甜樱桃果实及种子的生长规律相吻合。果肉中ABA含量分别在盛花后5、15和35d出现高峰,与甜樱桃的落果(花)时期基本一致。