杂交水稻产量优势稳中求高的育种策略

对杂交水稻威优６４和汕优６３十年联合区域试验资料统计分析表明，威优６４作早稻区试产量变６１８０～６９００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，平均６４５６ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，变异系数１．１６％；作中稻区试６６４５～７８１５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，变异系数２．０８％，汕优６３作晚稻区试５７５９～６５２５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，平均６２１５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，变异系数１．４３％，中稻区试７７２８～８７５９ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２平均８３０４ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，     

海南省1999年审定通过的水稻新品种

１)珍桂占海南省农科院水稻所育成的感温型常规水稻品种。１９９４～１９９５两年参加省早稻区试 ,平均单产分别为４２５ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２ 和４３５ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２,比对照七桂早２５增产２４．０ %和２０．５ %。作早稻全生育期１４０天 ,株高９５ｃｍ ,每穗粒数１２０粒左右 ,结实率８５．４%～９４．９% ,千粒重２３ｇ。高抗稻瘟病 ,抗白叶枯病。食味品质好 ,被海南省评为二级优质米。苗期耐寒力较强 ,分蘖力强 ,耐肥抗倒。适宜海南省作早稻种植。(２)博优９６１广西区博白县农科所育成的弱感光杂交稻组合。１９９８～１９９９两年参加…     

杂交籼稻新组合“Ⅱ优15”

Ⅱ优１５是福建省南平市农科所用Ⅱ３２Ａ与大粒香１５配组而成的杂交籼稻新组合。经１９９７～１９９８年试验示范，表现高产稳产、熟期适中、米质优、米饭带清香味、抗稻瘟病且制种产量高。１９９９年３月通过福建省南平市农作物品种审定委员会审定。１　产量表现１９９７年和１９９８年参加南平市晚稻区试，产量分别为６－３０ｔ／ｈｍ２和７－０８ｔ／ｈｍ２。１９９７年比对照汕优６３增产３－５％，达显著；１９９８年比对照汕优桂３３增产８－５％，达极显著。１９９７年，建阳市良种场双晚试种０－３３ｈｍ２，平均产量７－０９…     

2000年黑龙江省审定通过的水稻新品种

(１)龙稻１号粳稻 ,系由黑龙江省农科院耕作栽培所育成。１９９７～１９９８年区试平均单产８１０７．０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２,较对照东农４１５平均增产９．５% ;１９９９年生产试验平均单产７２４２．０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２ ,较对照品种东农４１５平均增产１０．２６%。生育日数１３３天 ,需活动积温２４５０～２５００℃。株高９２ｃｍ ,穗长１７ｃｍ ,每穗８５粒 ,千粒重２８ｇ。分蘖性强 ,抗倒伏中 ,耐冷性中 ,耐盐碱中下。１９９８年人工接种苗瘟８级、叶瘟５级、穗颈瘟９级 ,自然感病苗瘟６级、叶瘟５级、穗颈瘟５级。米质达到国家一级优质米标准。(…     

沙场垦复抛秧种稻栽培技术

随着我国经济建设的快速发展,建筑业的突飞猛进,用沙量不断增大,经过开采的废弃沙场越来越多。这也是我国耕地面积逐年减少的原因之一。为了提高土地资源的利用率,增加粮食产量,我们于１９９７年～１９９９年,在大连市金州区向应镇进行了沙场垦复抛秧种稻的试验研究,获得了成功。１９９７年试验面积３ｈｍ２,平均产量６ ７５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２,比插秧对照增产８．３％,最高产量８５２７．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２;１９９８年发展到３０ｈｍ２,平均产量７１１９ｋｇ／ｈｍ２,比插秧对照增产１０．７％,最高单产达９３１９． ５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２…     

香两优68的示范表现及高产配套栽培技术

香两优６８（原名香１２５Ｓ／Ｄ６８）是一个集优质、高产、多抗、中熟于一体的两系杂交早稻新组合。该组合１９９６年开始在临澧县试种示范，以其突出的丰产性、理想的熟期、较强的抗逆性和优良的米质深受农民的欢迎。１　产量表现及主要特征特性１９９７～１９９８年，香两优６８在“国家水稻工程”优质食用稻品比筛选和试种示范中，单产达７４５０５～８８９８０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，比同熟期的湘早籼１３号增产９２％～１５６％。１９９８年在１６个参试品种（组合）中，单产７７８０５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，日产量７１４ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，…     

湖北省2001年审定通过的水稻新品种

１．鄂早１３系湖北大学育成的早稻品种。１９９８～１９９９年参加湖北省早稻品种区试 ,两年试验平均单产４５５．５９ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２,比对照鄂早１１增产１６．３０ %。全生育期１１２天。２．鄂早１４系黄冈市农科所育成的早稻品种。１９９８～１９９９年参加湖北省早稻品种区试 ,两年试验平均单产３９３．８７ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２,比对照鄂早１１增产６．１０%。全生育期１０８天。３．鄂早１５系湖北省荆州农科院育成的早稻品种。１９９９～２０００年参加湖北省早稻品种区试 ,两年试验平均单产４２８．６３ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２ ,比对照鄂…     

软盘育秧抛秧栽培技术小结

水稻软盘育秧抛秧栽培技术在我区试验、推广已达３ａ之久。１９９７年抛栽面积达４２４４．６ｈｍ２,其中早稻为３２４８．１ｈｍ２,双晚为９９６．５ｈｍ２。早稻抛秧平均产稻谷７．４０ｔ／ｈｍ２,比手插秧增６８５．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２,增长１０．２％。在临川市河埠乡河埠村连片抛秧４１．３ｈｍ２（品种为协华２号）,平均产稻谷９．３７ｔ／ｈｍ２,比旱床育秧手栽秧增产稻谷２．２５ｔ／ｈｍ２,增长３１．６％。双晚抛秧平均产稻谷６．６５ｔ／ｈｍ２,比手工插秧增４２４．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２,增长７．３４％。抛秧稻具有“四省一增”…     

湖北省2002年审定通过的水稻新品种

１ .鄂早１６系湖北省荆州市种子总公司育成的早稻品种。１９９８～１９９９年参加湖北省早稻品种区试 ,两年试验平均单产３７８．０７ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２,比对照鄂早１１减产３．５１ %。全生育期１１１．６天 ,比鄂早１１长３．６天。高感白叶枯病和穗颈稻瘟病。２.嘉育２０２系浙江省嘉兴市农业科学研究院育成的早稻品种。２０００～２００１年参加湖北省早稻品种区试 ,两年试验平均单产４５４．０９ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２,比对照鄂早１１增产５．３３ %。全生育期１０６．８天 ,比鄂早１１长０．８天。中抗白叶枯病 ,高感穗颈稻瘟病。３.嘉育１…     

吉林省2000年审（认）定通过的水稻新品种

１.丰优２０３粳稻 ,系吉林省农科院水稻研究所育成。１９９７～１９９９年省区试平均产量为５４９．１ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２ ,较对照吉玉粳增产８ % ;１９９８～１９９９年省生产试验平均产量为５３９．４ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２,较对照品种增产４%。生育期１３６天 ,属中熟品种。米质较优。中抗叶瘟 ,中感稻瘟。适宜在吉林省生育期间活动积温２６５０℃以上稻区种植。２.吉优一号粳稻 ,系吉林省农科院水稻研究所育成。１９９７～１９９９年省区试平均产量为５３５．１ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２,比对照吉玉粳增产４．８% ;１９９８～１９９９年省生产试验平均…     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.