Industrial melanism in British peppered moths has a singular and recent mutational origin

The rapid spread of a novel black form (known as carbonaria) of the peppered moth Biston betularia in 19th-century Britain is a textbook example of how an altered environment may produce morphological adaptation through genetic change. However, the underlying genetic basis of the difference between the wild-type (light-colored) and carbonaria forms has remained unknown. We have genetically mapped the carbonaria morph to a 200-kilobase region orthologous to a segment of silkworm chromosome 17 and show that there is only one core sequence variant associated with the carbonaria morph, carrying a signature of recent strong selection. The carbonaria region coincides with major wing-patterning loci in other lepidopteran systems, suggesting the existence of basal color-patterning regulators in this region.     

Sex stimulant and attractant in the Indian meal moth and in the almond moth

cis-9, trans-12-Tetradecadien-1-yl acetate was isolated from the female Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), and the female almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker). It is the major if not the sole component of the sex stimulatory and attractant pheromone of female Plodia. It is present in the pheromone of the female Cadra along with at least one synergist.     

An unusual lepidopteran sex pheromone system in the bagworm moth

The female sex pheromone of the bagworm moth is (R)-1-methylbutyl decanoate. The antipode is biologically inactive and it neither enhances nor detracts from the potency of the R enantiomer. Unlike other moths for which female pheromones have been identified, the female secretes the pheromone from glands on her thorax and it is disseminated from hair that is shed from her body.     

蚕蛾鳞毛和蛾尿的微孢子虫感染及其传染性

调查研究了家蚕微孢子；Ｎｏｓｅｍｅｂｏｍｂｇｃｉｓ）感染蚕蛾鳞毛和蛾尿中微孢子虫存在状况及对家蚕的传染性。结果表明被微孢子虫感染的蚕蛾，它的鳞毛和蛾尿中寄生和存在形态、大小、折光性均无异的微孢子虫孢子，对家蚕幼虫均具有较强的致病性，对健康蚕蛾具有较大的污染性，其致病性和污染性大小与蚕蛾患病程度强弱呈平行关系，这一结果可作为蚕种生产上对蚕蛾鳞毛和蛾尿的控制与消毒的依据。     

大蜡螟飞翔力的室内测定

在静风、平均气温 1 7.0 -1 8.1℃的室内条件下 ,对大蜡螟成虫悬吊飞行进行测试 ,结果表明 :1日龄未交配雌蛾单次连续飞行最远距离可达 (4 4 3 8.65± 2 85 2 .5 6) m,连续飞行最长时间可达 (93 .6± 63 .3 ) min;1日龄未交配雄蛾连续飞行最远距离可达 (3 1 0 1 .47± 1 2 1 9.84) m,连续飞行的最长时间可达 (65 .0± 3 8.95 ) min;5 -1 1日龄未交配雄蛾的连续飞行最远距离为 (4 1 3 .66± 2 0 3 .0 9) m,连续飞行最长时间为 (1 0 .47± 3 .3 9) min,比 1日龄未交配蛾的显著短     

Sexual role reversal in mate-finding strategies of the cabbage looper moth

The mate-finding behavior of the cabbage looper moth Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) includes both female- and male-produced sex pheromones used in distinct mate-finding strategies. Both sexes release multicomponent pheromones attractive to the opposite sex. Male pheromone is comprised of d-linalool, m-cresol, and p-cresol released from abdominal hair pencils. Males exposed to host plant odor or to the female sex pheromone (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate are more attractive to females, suggesting stimulation of male pheromone release.     

河北省秦皇岛市园林花木蛾类害虫种类研究

从 1994年 9月～ 2 0 0 1年 4月 ,对秦皇岛市园林花木蛾类害虫进行调查研究。结果表明 ,蛾类害虫主要种类有 6 8种 ,分属于 14个科 ,文中记述了各种学名与寄主。     

Circadian clock action spectrum in a photoperiodic moth

A circadian rhythm of egg hatching in the moth Pectinophora gossypiella can be initiated with a brief light pulse. The action spectrum for this effect has a peak in the blue and near ultraviolet region of the spectrum with a sharp cutoff above 500 nanometers and a more gradual cutoff below 390 nanometers.     

舞毒蛾幼虫基因型的分子鉴定

为鉴定来自比利时红橡木原木上截获的2头鳞翅目幼虫,通过形态特征鉴定及对样本线粒体和常染色体上两段分子标记进行扩增和测序,并与其他舞毒蛾样本进行比对与分析.结果表明:该样品为舞毒蛾幼虫,且为亚洲型和欧洲型的杂交种.     

利用雌性信息素监测梨小食心虫和苹小卷叶蛾成虫发生动态

梨小食心虫和苹小卷叶蛾是危害苹果、梨、桃等多种果树的重要害虫 ,前者在我省 1年发生 4～ 5代 ,后者发生 4代 ,2种害虫均有明显的世代重叠现象。其是较早利用性信息素进行防治的北方果树害虫 (陈子康等 ,1 990 ;周长泉等 ,1 998;陈汉杰等 ,1 998;李小燕 ,2 0 0 2 )。为推进性诱剂在生产上的应用 ,笔者于 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年在郑州郊区果园对产自瑞典的两种性诱剂进行了诱测试验 ,诱测结果能基本反映害虫的发生动态 ,现将 2 0 0 1年对成虫的检测结果总结如下。1　材料和方法1 .1　诱芯梨小食心虫和苹小卷叶蛾雌性信息素诱芯由北京大学阎凤…     

南昌地区小菜蛾抗药性监测及其应用研究

用ＦＡＯ推荐的点滴法测定了南昌地区小菜蛾的抗药性,结果表明：氯菊酯和溴氰菊酯为中抗水平（１６．３和３４．４倍）,氰戊菊酯为低抗水平（３．７倍）,用浸渍法测定了南昌地区小菜蛾对乙酰甲胺磷等７种杀虫剂的敏感性。利用５种杀虫剂的田间推荐浓度。在室内和田间分别测定了对小菜蛾的效果,两结果趋势一致。监测结果对于确定小菜蛾抗药性治理对策,用两种类决定及评价治理措施效果均具有重要意义。     

利用植物源引诱剂监测与控制舞毒蛾

在内蒙古阿尔山林业局兴安落叶松纯林内,选取受害兴安落叶松针叶的挥发物并复配成引诱剂（植物源引诱剂）,测定其对舞毒蛾成虫的引诱效果。试验一利用窗式诱捕器携带4种诱芯：1）植物源引诱剂（引诱剂I）,2）舞毒蛾性信息素（引诱剂Ⅱ）,3）前两者之结合（引诱剂Ⅲ）,4）空白对照于9块样地（幼、中龄林和成熟林各3块）进行测定。试验...     

小菜蛾触角的显微结构及其作用

采用扫描电镜观察小菜蛾触角 ,发现雄蛾有 9种感觉器 ,雌蛾有 8种感觉器 .触角切除试验表明 ,触角是小菜蛾重要的感觉器官 ,在搜寻寄主植物中发挥重要作用     

银杏黄刺蛾的发生与防治研究

采用笼养及田间调查的方法，对银杏黄刺蛾的发生规律进行了研究，并于低龄幼虫发生高峰期进行了药效试验。结果表明：银杏黄刺蛾在湖北孝感1年发生2代，以老龄幼虫在寄主枝干上的茧内越冬，全年以8月上旬为害最烈。药剂防治以4．5％高效氯氰菊酯乳油2000倍液防效最好，其次是2．5％溴氰酯乳油3000倍液、44％多虫清乳油1500倍液和20％灭扫利乳油2000倍液，校正防效均达96％以上。     

球孢白僵菌对小菜蛾呼吸作用的影响

利用红外 CO2 分析仪测定了小菜蛾感染球孢白僵菌后呼吸节律的变化 .结果表明 ,小菜蛾呼吸节律属于不规则波动型 ,染病幼虫呼出的 CO2 量显著低于对照组 .说明感染球孢白僵菌后 ,小菜蛾幼虫的生理代谢受到干扰 ,呼吸代谢水平降低     

Sex pheromone of the codling moth: structure and synthesis

The structure of a sex pheromone of the codling moth. Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), has been determined by spectrometric and chemical degradative techniques and by synthesis to be (2Z, 6E)-7-methyl-3-propyl-2,6-decadien-1-ol. In field cage tests the synthesized sex pheromone was as attractive as the natural, but neither was as attractive as ten virgin females per trap.