不同氮形态对沙培黄瓜幼苗生长及养分吸收的影响

以黑龙江主栽黄瓜品种"津春3号"为试材,采用盆钵培养的方法,研究了营养液中不同NO3--N与NH4+-N配比对黄瓜幼苗生长及氮、磷养分吸收的影响。结果表明:沙培条件下,营养液中氮的总浓度为15mmoL/L时,随着营养液中NH4+比例的增加,幼苗长势随之变弱;全NO3--N处理的幼苗叶面积、干重及壮苗指数分别是全NH4+-N处理的1.92、2.12与3.07倍;氮形态对幼苗地上部全氮含量与硝酸还原酶活性无显著影响,而对幼苗地上部全磷含量影响显著,全NO3--N处理的幼苗磷含量显著高于全NH4+-N处理,为全NH4+-N处理的2倍;受NH3毒害,全NH4+-N处理的幼苗根系活力显著下降,地上部游离氨基酸含量显著上升。全NO3-处理对黄瓜幼苗生长最有利。     

设施黄瓜砂培营养液配方筛选试验

采用三因素五水平通用旋转组合设计,在现代日光温室内研究了营养液配方中不同摩尔浓度的NO3--N、P、K对黄瓜产量的影响,得到了三者之间的回归方程,依此进行分析。结果表明:3个元素对黄瓜产量的影响大小顺序是:氮磷钾;通过计算机模拟寻优,黄瓜达到单株最高产量1 395.97 g时,营养液中NO3--N、P、K最优配方为:15、1.0和6.0 mmol/L。经过验证,最优配方处理A、B的株高、茎粗、生长势、产量、品质表现相对优于对照。     

养分和水分状况对刺梨树体硝酸还原酶活性与氮素营养的影响

以贵农5号刺梨品种为材料,研究了不同氮素形态供氮条件、营养元素缺素胁迫和不同土壤水分状况下刺梨植株根、茎、叶的硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)及其与总氮及硝态氮含量的关系。结果表明,供应的氮源为30%NO3--NH4+70%NH4+-N时,能够促进刺梨对氮素的吸收,根和叶中总氮含量最高,而NRA并不最强。单纯供应NO3--N时,根和叶中的NRA最强,但总氮含量显著低于同时供应NO3--N和NH4+-N的处理。单纯供应NO3--N和同时供应NO3--N和NH4+-N时,刺梨根和叶中NRA与总氮含量、硝态氮含量呈显著的负相关;同时供应NO3--N和NH4+-N时,刺梨对氮素的吸收并不完全受NR的支配。在缺氮、缺钼条件下,根和叶中都没有检测出NRA;在缺铁、缺硼条件下,根中的NRA很低,叶中没有检测出NRA;其他营养元素缺素胁迫对根和叶中NRA抑制程度的强弱顺序为缺Zn>缺P>缺Mg>缺Ca。根、叶、茎中的NRA与土壤含水量呈极显著正相关,而NO3--N含量则与土壤含水量呈极显著负相关。     

三种营养元素对疏叶蹄盖蕨水培效应的影响

探讨了NO3--N,NH4+-N和钙素对水培疏叶蹄盖蕨Athyrium dissitifolium植株营养生长指标、根系活力等生长情况的影响。结果表明:在NO3--N和NH4+-N同时存在的条件下,疏叶蹄盖蕨生长情况明显优于单一的NO3--N或NH4+-N处理;在单独处理的条件下,NO3--N相对NH4+-N而言,更利于疏叶蹄盖蕨植株的生长;钙素营养充足的环境相对缺钙环境,更利于疏叶蹄盖蕨生根数量的增加和根系生长。     

棚室黄瓜增产的几项措施

(1)黄瓜幼苗生长到两片真叶时,喷浓度为200mg/kg的乙烯利溶液,隔1周再喷一次,可使黄瓜增产8.8％～13.5％。 (2)在黄瓜出苗后40～50天内,每天进行8小时左右的短日照处理可促进雌花分化,增加雌花数量,从而增加产量。 (3)黄瓜幼苗喷施0.2％红糖液,可使秧苗粗壮,心叶快长。结瓜期喷施0.75％～1％的红糖液,每天1次,可使瓜条直,产量高,口感好,并防治霜霉病。 (4)在黄瓜幼苗根部(不可太近以免烧根)或叶面撒施草木灰,10天左右撒1次,共撒4～5次,既防病虫害,又能提高品质,一般增产10％以上。     

不同施肥方式对设施番茄产量和土壤氮及磷累积的影响

在设施番茄种植中研究了传统施肥、包膜缓释肥(SCZ)、优化处理(YH)3种施肥方式对不同土层土壤氮磷含量及番茄产量的影响.结果表明:传统施肥处理易引起0～120 cm土层土壤NO3--N含量的显著提高,SCZ处理和YH处理在追氮量分别减少1/3、1/2的情况下,SCZ处理在表层(0～30 cm)NO3--N含量显著高于YH处理,在30～90 cm的土层中差异不显著,而在90～120 cm的土层中则显著降低.SCZ处理的用磷量最高,所以其在土壤中的残留也最高,复合肥(FHF)与YH处理相比,显著提高了表层土壤P的含量,而在30～120 cm的土层则差异不显著.传统处理番茄的硝酸盐含量最高,较其它施肥处理高出10.9％～17.7％,较CK高出35.1％.施肥处理显著提高了番茄的产量,不同施肥方式中SCZ、YH与农民的传统处理相比,产量分别降低了0.8％、15.8％,但没有达到显著水平.     

氮素形态及其配比对营养液培生菜生长与硝酸盐含量的影响

研究了不同氮素形态及其不同配比对营养液培生菜生长与硝酸盐含量的影响。结果表明：不同形态的氮素及其配比可显著影响生菜生长和硝酸盐含量，在营养液中，添加适当比例铵态氮可使硝酸盐的含量降低。提高产量，改善品质。比使用单一硝态氮要好。试验中NH4^＋-N：NO3^＋-N为30：70、50：50效果要优于其他处理。适当的NH4^＋-N和NO3^--N比例，有可能使pH值的变化减小，有利于无土栽培蔬菜的生长发育。     

乙烯利对日光温室黄瓜生长发育的影响

1材料与方法试验于2004年春在陕西省榆林农业学校日光温室内进行。供试黄瓜品种为津春3号。试验设5个处理,以喷清水为对照,每小区10株,3次重复。1月20日播种,4月5日定植,植株4叶1心期进行处理。各处理田间管理相同,记录各处理植株株高、叶长、叶宽、雌花始开节位、雌花率。2结果与分析2.1不同浓度乙烯利对植株性状的影响见表1。2.1.1株高50m g/kg的处理与100m g/kg的处理在株高上没有显著差异,但对照与150m g/kg的处理有显著差异,与200m g/kg的处理有极显著差异,说明随着乙烯利浓度的增加,对株高有明显的抑制作用。2.1.2叶长50m g/kg的处理…     

不同氮素形态比对马铃薯氮素利用与产量的影响

为探究吉林地区马铃薯氮素利用和产量对不同氮素形态配比的响应效果，采用延薯4号为试材进行盆栽试验，设置4个铵硝(NH₄⁺∶NO₃^-)比例，处理分别为：0∶100(Y₁)、25∶75(Y₂)、50∶50(Y₃)和75∶25(Y₄)，分析了氮素利用差异及成熟期生长性状和产量构成特点。结果表明：随着铵硝比例的增加，马铃薯的氮素利用提高，植株生长旺盛，高比例的铵态氮增施各指标均有降低。其中铵硝比为Y₂时，植株中氮素累积量、氮效率、氮素吸收和利用效率最高，且茎粗和叶面积及产量性状最好，而Y₁表现较差。Y₂处理的氮素利用与生长性状的综合评价指数为0.964，排序为1。可见，铵硝比的增加会促进氮素利用，进而改善植株形态建成，提高产量。本试验铵硝比25∶75为最优处理，可作为吉林地区马铃薯氮素高效管理的参考依据。     

不同浓度乙烯利对黄瓜性别分化的影响

对黄瓜喷施不同浓度乙烯利结果表明,施用乙烯利可以降低黄瓜第一雌花节位,雌花第一节位随着乙烯利浓度升高而升高。施用乙烯利可以增加黄瓜雌花总数特别是前期雌花数,雌花总数随着浓度升高而增加,但座果率随着浓度升高而降低,其中浓度为100μl/L既可以增加雌花总数也有较好的座果率,是较好的浓度处理。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.