设施油桃根系的生理生化代谢动态

研究了设施栽培条件下曙光油桃根系的碳氮物质代谢、POD和SOD活性的动态变化。结果表明,在新根的生长季节,根系中可溶性糖、蛋白质含量、游离氨基酸总量、POD、SOD活性的变化与新根的生长具有相同的趋势,淀粉则相反。粗根的淀粉、可溶性糖含量、POD活性高于细根,而蛋白质含量、游离氨基酸总量和SOD活性则变化较大。     

酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’埋土越冬期的蔗糖代谢研究

为了探讨酿酒葡萄在埋土越冬期的蔗糖代谢机制,以西北地区主栽品种‘赤霞珠’为试材,检测了冬季下架埋土后根系和枝条可溶性糖含量和蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的变化。结果表明:在12月和1月的冰冻温度下‘赤霞珠’根系、枝条中的可溶性糖均显著积累,且还原糖总量高于蔗糖总量,此阶段还原糖在‘赤霞珠’抗冻反应中起主要的渗透调节作用;在低温非冰冻温度的3月,根系和枝条的蔗糖总量高于还原糖总量,此阶段蔗糖是‘赤霞珠’抗寒响应的主要可溶性糖。相关性分析表明,蔗糖、果糖含量与SPS、SS活性呈极显著正相关,葡萄糖含量与SS、AI活性呈极显著正相关。与根系比较,枝条中蔗糖代谢相关的生理指标与越冬低温的关系更为密切,除NI活性外的其他生理指标均与温度呈显著负相关,其中可溶性糖含量和SPS、AI活性与温度呈极显著负相关。     

根际低氧胁迫对网纹甜瓜硝态氮、铵态氮和蛋白质含量的影响

 研究了根际低氧处理对网纹甜瓜幼苗氮代谢的影响。结果表明，低氧处理使幼苗根系和叶片硝态氮、铵态氮含量以及硝酸还原酶活性显著提高，可溶性蛋白质含量降低，根系热稳定蛋白含量增加，而且根系比叶片反应更敏感；与低氧耐性较弱的‘西域一号’相比，耐性较强的‘刚强’品种在低氧处理下硝态氮、铵态氮、蛋白质含量以及硝酸还原酶活性较高，表明较高的硝态氮、铵态氮、蛋白质含量和硝酸还原酶活性对提高网纹甜瓜低氧耐性起着重要的作用。     

红星苹果树不同砧木根内氨基酸含量研究

红星苹果树M9砧根内氨基酸总量低于山定子砧。但在春梢停长期和根系活动期高于山定子砧。根系活动期达最高峰,果实成熟期达最低点;山定子砧相应出现在休眠期和春梢停长期。测定的17种氨基酸中,M9砧根内天门冬氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、组氨酸和胱氨酸含量高于山定子砧,其余12种氨基酸低于山定子砧。根内氨基酸含量的顺序和山定子砧相近,以天门冬氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸和亮氨酸含量较多,蛋氨酸和胱氨酸含量极少。M9砧根内氨基酸的总量受天门冬氨酸,山定子砧受精氨酸含量的影响而变化。     

塑料风障对白玉兰冬季生理特性影响的研究

通过塑料风障保护下白玉兰枝条内生理指标变化的研究,来阐明风障对于木本植物冬季生理特性的影响规律。结果表明:风障保护下,可溶性蛋白末期高于对照,可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸低于对照,MDA含量在12～2月间与对照无显著差异,电导率在1月份与对照无显著差异,其余月份显著低于对照,SOD活性在11月和3月份与对照差异不显著,POD活性始终极显著低于对照。综合分析后认为,风障对白玉兰生理特性影响最明显的表现在初冬11月和初春2～3月,在12～1月份影响较小。     

连作土灭菌对葡萄生长及根系分泌特性的影响

为探讨葡萄连作障碍产生的原因,采用盆栽模拟试验,对葡萄连作土壤进行蒸汽灭菌,研究连作土灭菌后葡萄植株生长及根系分泌特性的变化。结果表明,连作土灭菌显著增加了葡萄植株的株高和茎粗,其中以7月份的增加幅度最大,分别比连作土增加了1.51倍和0.14倍,地上和地下鲜质量随着生长期的延长也表现出显著增加的趋势,以9月份的增加幅度最大,分别增加了1.18倍和1.09倍。并且连作土壤灭菌后葡萄叶片SOD酶活性增强,MDA含量降低,根系活力随生长期的延长,表现出先下降再上升的趋势。另外,研究发现连作土壤灭菌后葡萄根系分泌的还原糖及氨基酸总量显著降低,分别比连作土壤降低了72.60%和91.10%;氨基酸的种类及其含量也发生改变,其中Ile、Leu和Tyr3种氨基酸未达到检测水平,其他氨基酸含量降低。可见,对连作土壤进行有效的灭菌后,可以改变根际微生态的核心因素即根系分泌物的成分及含量,促进植株的生长,减轻葡萄的连作障碍,进而证实了土壤生物因素是葡萄连作障碍产生的重要原因之一。     

地表覆盖对陇东旱塬苹果根系生长与越冬前后树体贮藏营养的影响

【目的】探明陇东旱塬区不同覆盖措施(覆膜、覆草)对苹果园根系生长分布及树体不同器官中贮藏营养分配动态的影响。【方法】以14 a生苹果树为试材,采用土壤剖面分层取样法,对不同径级根系进行空间形态分布调查,测定根系、不同枝类越冬期间贮藏营养的分配比例及动态。【结果】覆草处理可提高根系数量,扩展根系分布范围至距干0~150 cm内的0~100 cm深土层中;覆膜处理细根总量与水平分布范围较对照有所减小。贮藏营养分别主要贮藏在细根、1 a生枝与粗根中,并以淀粉含量的提高效果最为显著。【结论】覆草可有效增大根系分布范围,提高不同枝条与根系中贮藏营养含量,是陇东旱塬区苹果园较为适宜的地表覆盖方式。     

苹果新根生理生化特性研究

以盆栽３年生新红星／怀来海棠（Ｍａｌｕｓｍｉｃｒｏｍａｌｕｓ）为试材，研究了生长根和吸收根的还原能力、碳氮物质代谢、吲哚乙酸氧化酶（ＩＯＤ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的周年动态变化。结果表明，两类新根均于春、夏、秋形成３次吸收高峰，但还原能力的高峰只于夏秋季出现，其中夏季高峰最大；淀粉、糖、蛋白质含量及ＩＯＤ、ＰＯＤ活性随新梢旺长而降低，随新梢缓慢或停止生长而积累，氨基酸含量、ＳＯＤ活性相反；吸收根的吸收能力、淀粉、糖、蛋白质含量、ＰＯＤ、ＩＯＤ活性均显著高于生长根，但吸收根中氨基酸含量、ＳＯＤ活性却小于生长根，因而两类新根的代谢特点和功能不同，其发生数量和比例影响树势和植株的生长发育     

伏令夏橙开化和生理落果期春梢叶片蛋白质、氨基酸含量变化

开花和生理落果与叶片中蛋白质、氨基酸含量变化有密切关系。生理落果高峰，正处于蛋白质急剧分解过程。蛋白质降解愈多，落果愈多。花后的第一次生理落果高峰，占落花落果总数的76.29%，蛋白质降至花蕾到生理落果全程的最低点，是最大的高峰。第二、三次高峰落果数递减。开花和生理落果期间有16种氨基酸：脯氨酸、天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、亮氨酸较高；其次是甘氨酸、赖氨酸、缬氨酸、精氨酸、丙氨酸、苯丙氨酸、异亮氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸和酪氨酸；组氨酸和蛋氨酸最低。开花前脯氨酸最高，开花至二次高峰一直下季。蛋白质、氨基酸含量变化总趋势一致，波相相反。先是氨基酸积累、氨基酸下降，蛋白质积累、蛋白质下降出现严重的落花落果。     

果树冬季嫁接—根接法

果树冬季嫁接—根接法根接法是冬季在室内嫁接的一种方法。所用砧木是果树根系或起苗时的断根，所用接穗是冬剪时剪下的枝条。一般在立冬后到果树发芽前这段时间内均可进行。具体方法：将根系和接穗贮存在窖内，随接随取。如果枝粗根细，就将枝条基部从中间劈长均３ｃｍ的...     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.