—大白菜干烧心病发生过程中心叶组织Ca^2＋定位及超微结构变化

采用电镜细胞化学技术，研究了人为诱导大白菜干烧心病发生过程中心叶组织细胞的Ｃａ２＋定位和超微结构变化。结果表明，正常植株叶片细胞内钙主要分布于液泡、细胞壁和叶绿体的膜片层结构中；试验处理植株随着缺钙天数的增加，细胞壁膜上的钙被释放沉淀到细胞间隙，叶绿体片层膜上的Ｃａ２＋释放到胞液中。缺钙后期，细胞内钙沉淀明显减少。同时细胞结构改变，质膜内陷，叶绿体膜和内膜系统破坏；随后细胞壁中胶层解体，可见症状出现时，细胞内隔消失，细菌侵入细胞间隙     

娃娃菜干烧心病流行规律及发病因子调查研究

采用田间系统调查、小区试验等方法对甘肃省张掖市娃娃菜干烧心病的流行规律和发病因子进行调查研究。结果表 明：张掖市娃娃菜干烧心病田间发病症状有3 种,即干边型、卷叶型和腐烂型;病叶集中出现在19～40 片叶之间;莲座期 开始发病,莲座期到包心期病害呈缓慢增长态势,结球期病害迅速增长,成熟期病情基本稳定;娃娃菜干烧心病的发生与植 株叶片Ca 含量、品种抗性、氮肥施用量、土壤全盐含量、茬口和种植密度等因子密切相关。     

大白菜干烧心病与主要气象因子关系分析

干烧心病是我国近年来大白菜生产和贮藏中危害较重的一种病害。发病原因主要是生理病害,同时也与气象因子有密切关系。本文通过大白菜干烧心病与主要气象因子关系的分析,结果表明,空气湿度是直接影响干烧心病的主要气象因子,降水量、日照和温度是间接影响干烧心病的气象因子.即在大白菜生长季节中,降水量多、空气湿度大、寡日照和气温低的年份,大白菜干烧心病发病较轻;反之,降水量少、空气湿度小、日照时间长和气温较高的年份,大白菜干烧心病发病较重。     

夏秋大白菜干烧心病综防技术

温州市涂园土壤属淡涂粉砂质粘土,pH 7.80～8.62,土壤表层氯化钠含量0.12％～0.15％,灌溉水盐分含量0.13％～0.25％,有机质、碱解氮和速效磷含量偏低,但速效钾含量很高。由于土壤盐分含量过高,结构性差,夏秋栽培大白菜极易发生干烧心病(叶球外部正常,内部叶顶变干、黄化,呈干纸状),尤其在酷暑干旱的天气条件下,其发病率达95％以上。 针对此,温州市农业科学研究院蔬菜研究所成立了夏秋大白菜干烧心病的综合防治及高产栽培技     

大白菜干烧心病和软腐病的防治

干烧心病干烧心病,俗称干心病,在我国北方大白菜产区的某些年份发病严重,对大白菜贮藏、供应及市民吃菜造成比较大损失和不良影响,至今为止虽经多方面研究,对其机理有了较一致的认识,但尚无特殊有效的根治方法,现就多年研究结果和栽培经验综述如下: 一、病症干烧心常在大白菜结球期发生,发病植株从外表来看,外叶和外部球叶生长正常.而剖开叶球即可以看到部分球叶由叶缘开始变干黄化,叶肉呈半透明的干纸状,叶脉黄褐色,无异味.发病和健康组织界限明显,发病部位多分布于第3～15片。在结球过程中,病情逐渐变重,尤其在贮藏期间,由于不适合的温度条件可促     

秋大白菜干烧心综合防治措施

干烧心是大白菜种植过程中发病率很高的一种生理性病害,多发生于重茬种植、干旱少雨、过量施用硫酸型肥料的菜地。重茬、干旱和大量施用硫酸型肥料,均易使土壤中的水溶性钙缺失,锰的含量降低,最终导致干烧心病的发生。通过适期播种、改善种植环境、加强水肥管理、补施钙素、叶面追肥等综合防治措施能有效控制病害的发生。     

采取综合措施防治大白菜干烧心病

采取综合措施防治大白菜干烧心病０００８１中国农科院蔬菜花卉研究所刘宜生大白菜干烧心病在生产中时有发生,经常给消费者的食用带来很多烦恼,严重时造成减产减收,特别是影响出口创汇。大白菜干烧心病是由于某些不良环境条件造成植株体内生理缺钙而引起的生理性病害。...     

大白菜干烧心病的发生及防治

近年来大白菜干烧心病有不同程度的发生,特别在秋季干旱的年份发病更为严重。这不仅直接影响了蔬菜生产者的经济收益,而且严重地威胁着城市冬季蔬菜的供应以及出口任务。在我国除京津地区外,西安、杭州、新乡、大连、徐州、南京、福州及连云港等地都有此病的危害。关于致病原因,日本在六十年代时经过多次试验已明确干烧心病是一种非传染性、生理性缺钙症。植株缺钙是大白菜干烧心病的直接原因。我们从1978年开始结合大白菜的生长过     

大白菜干烧心的发病原因与防治措施

大白菜干烧心在各地都有不同程度的发生 ,一般发病率在 2 %～ 2 8%之间。大白菜干烧心在莲座期即可发病 ,起始边缘干枯 ,向内倾卷 ,生长受到抑制 ,包心不紧实 ;到结球初期 ,球叶边缘出现水渍状 ,并呈黄色透明 ,逐渐发展成黄褐色焦叶 ,向内卷曲 ;结球后期发病株外表未见异常 ,剖视其内部 ,叶片黄化 ,叶脉呈暗褐色 ,叶内呈干纸状 ,叶片组织呈水渍状 ,具有发粘的汁液但不出现软腐 ,也不发臭 ,反而有一定的韧性。病健组织间具有明晰的界线。干烧心病影响大白菜品质 ,病叶有苦味 ,不宜食用 ,且叶球不耐贮藏。1　发病原因1.1　土壤通透性差　大白…     

北京市农林科学院解析钙网蛋白参与白菜干烧心病抗性的分子机制

正近日,北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心张凤兰课题组在《Plant,CellEnvironment》在线发表了题为"Natural variation in a calreticulin gene causes reduced resistance to Ca2+deficiency-induced tipburn in Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapassp.pekinensis)"的研究论文。该研究分析了钙网蛋白BrCRT2(Calreticulin2)在大白菜干烧心抗性中的作用,阐述了BrCRT2参与植物胞质Ca2+浓度调控的新机制。大白菜干烧心病是由于缺钙引起的生理性病害。目前生产上应用的大白菜主栽品种均不具抗病性,加之环境或栽     

Review ArticleInternal tipburn of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)

Summary

Internal tipburn of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) is a serious quality defect. The discolouring and desiccation of inner head leaves may render whole yields useless. The disorder is regarded as a localized calcium ficiency. The ficiency is not caused by reduced calcium availability to the plant, but rather by calcium transport characteristics within the plant. Because of the absence of transpiration from the inner head leaves of the cabbage plant, calcium is transported to the meristematic tissues in the head mainly by root pressure flow or because of meristematic sink activity during the night. High growth rates are known to increase the incidence of internal tipburn. Probably because of the increased demand for calcium per unit of time, the result of disruption in the calcium transport to the head is more serious. Conditions of even transpiration between day and night, whether high or low, reduce root pressure flow to the head and thereby may induce development of internal tipburn. A combination of high growth rates and low root pressure flow during periods of prolonged dry, sunny weather with high transpiration rates during the day as well as during the night, may be especially important in inducing internal tipburn, because of insufficient calcium influx in the cabbage head under such conditions. As initiation of calcium deficiency in growing tissue is a subcellular process, visible symptoms of internal tipburn may be expressed only later. Growers are primarily advised to cultivate internal tipburn resistant cultivars. Recommendations to limit the occurrence of internal tipburn are formulated.     

The influence of relative humidity and nutrition on leaf tipburn of strawberry

Leaf tipburn of strawberry, a localised calcium deficiency causing malformation of emerging leaves, was induced by high relative humidity and alleviated by diluting the nutrient solution or by reducing the level of potassium, magnesium or nitrate in otherwise standard solutions. Increasing the phosphate content of the solution had no effect, while supplementing the calcium nitrate to above sufficiency levels of calcium increased tipburn. Leaf calcium (% dry weight) decreased temporarily during leaf emergence and was lower in affected emerging leaves than in comparable healthy ones     

Tipburn of Chinese cabbage in relation to calcium nutrition and distribution

Heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis Rupr.) grown with low Ca or B developed dark tan lesions near the leaf margins. A synergistic effect of low Ca and low B accompanied the development of this symptom. Plants grown under humid conditions were free of tipburn. Plants grown under less humidity developed tipburn. Total chemical analysis revealed a steady decrease in total Ca from the outer to the inner leaves. Fractional chemical analysis showed 7 times more water-soluble Ca in the outer than in the inner leaves, and 2 times more 1 N NaCl-soluble Ca in the outer than in inner leaves. Threshold concentration of water-soluble forms of Ca for tipburn was around 3.0 mg/g dry weight. Data suggest that root pressure flow is required to move adequate amounts of water-soluble Ca to the wrapper leaves to prevent tipburn of Chinese cabbage.     

不同基因型大白菜对外源钙敏感性鉴定评价

为探讨大白菜钙敏感性鉴定的便捷指标,以20个大白菜品种为试材,研究不同钙水平对大白菜不同生育期干烧心指数及植株生长量、叶片叶绿素含量及钙含量的影响。结果表明:不同基因型大白菜干烧心指数差异较大,总体上均随钙水平的升高明显降低,而相同钙水平下则随生育期延长而升高;幼苗期钙水平0 mmol·L~(-1)和莲座期、结球期钙水平0.5mmol·L~(-1)处理的干烧心指数聚类结果基本一致。采用多元逐步回归分析建立的幼苗干烧心指数回归模型中,仅幼苗期0.5mmol·L~(-1)与4.0 mmol·L~(-1)钙水平下的植株鲜质量及叶片叶绿素含量相对值入选,且以入选变量为参数进行聚类分析的结果与幼苗期干烧心指数聚类结果完全一致,均可将参试大白菜品种分成钙敏感型、钙迟钝型和中间型3类,说明幼苗期0.5mmol·L~(-1)和4.0 mmol·L~(-1)钙水平下的大白菜植株鲜质量与叶片叶绿素含量相对值可作为大白菜品种钙敏感性鉴定的便捷指标。     

不同钾肥种类和施肥时期对叶菜类蔬菜产量和品质的影响

研究了不同钾肥种类(氯化钾和硫酸钾)和施肥方式对莴笋和大白菜产量和品质的影响。研究结果表明,与常规施钾相比,各处理莴笋和大白菜产量均以分期施钾更高,第1茬莴笋氯化钾处理的增产效果显著高于硫酸钾处理,第2茬大白菜硫酸钾处理的增产效果明显高于氯化钾处理;第1茬各处理莴笋可溶性糖含量均降低,第2茬各处理大白菜维生素C含量均不同程度增加、硝酸盐含量均下降,除基施硫酸钾外其余处理均使大白菜氨基酸含量提高;第2茬各处理蔬菜全氮含量变化均不大,第1茬莴笋全磷、全钾和全氯含量均不同程度提高,除K1-3处理外,其余处理莴笋叶全硫含量均提高,硫酸钾各处理(除K2-4处理外)均使莴笋茎全硫含量提高,第2茬K1-4处理使大白菜全磷含量提高15.6%,其余处理均降低,各处理大白菜全钾含量均不同程度地提高,其中硫酸钾各处理的全钾含量明显高于氯化钾各处理;各处理两季钾素利用率以K1-4处理最高。     

The role of calcium,boron and some divalent ions in leaf tipburn of strawberry

Strawberry leaf tipburn occurs commonly in some cultivars in Britain during the summer outdoors, although usually only mildly. Outbreaks are occasionally severe in glasshouses. The damage arises at the time of leaf emergence, but is most evident after leaf expansion.Although the disorder can be induced by deficiencies of boron or calcium in the rooting medium, it also occurs where these elements are freely supplied in nutrient solutions. Where neither calcium nor boron were deficient, drops of aqueous solutions of calcium salts (but not of boric acid) applied to buds and emerging leaves greatly reduced or prevented tipburn. Drops containing manganese, magnesium or strontium salts also reduced tipburn, while drops containing oxalate or citrate induced it. The addition of small amounts of EDTA to the drops decreased the effectiveness of the manganese, magnesium and, to a lesser extent, strontium salts, but not that of calcium nitrate.The evidence suggests that tipburn is caused by a localised shortage of calcium occurring just before and during leaf emergence, resulting either from a deficiency of calcium at the roots or, more frequently, from an inadequate rate of uptake or transport of calcium.     

黄淮地区露地大白菜安全施肥研究

通过施用尿素、硫酸钾、复合肥、过磷酸钙和烘干鸡粪等不同配比的有机肥与无机肥,共设计了8组处理。结果表明:在施氮量相同的条件下,有机肥与无机肥配合施用可以提高大白菜品质及产量;有机氮与无机氮质量比为3∶1时,其品质和产量的提高效果最佳。8组处理中大白菜可食用部分硝酸盐和维生素C含量均随氮肥施用量的增加而增加;随着氮肥施用量的增加,可溶性蛋白的含量呈先增后减的趋势。     

The effect of trickle irrigation,misting and row position on the incidence of tipburn of field lettuce

The effect of trickle irrigation, with and without additional applications of night mist, just before maturity on the incidence and severity of tipburn in field lettuce was investigated. The mean incidence of tipburn for all treatments was much higher (84%) on the outer 2 rows of beds than on the inner 2 rows (47%). On the outer rows irrigation and misting had virtually no effect on tipburn, whereas on the inner rows irrigation reduced it from 72% (in control plants) to 39%, misting to 63% and misting + irrigation to 16%. It is believed that the combination of night misting and trickle irrigation of inner rows resulted in conditions conductive to root-pressure flow which translocated calcium ions to heart leaves of lettuce plants, thereby reducing tipburn injury. It is suggested that the increased severity and incidence of tipburn in the outer rows could have resulted from soil compaction in wheelings which would reduce root growth, soil aeration and root pressure.