维生素D对蛋雏鸭生长性能及免疫功能的影响

试验选取1日龄健康、体重相近的金定蛋雏鸭180只,随机分为5个处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复6只试鸭。采用玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,Ⅰ组试验鸭饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅱ～Ⅴ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加110、220、550、1000 IU/kg维生素D的试验饲粮,试验期4周。旨在研究不同维生素D添加水平对1～28日龄蛋雏鸭生长性能及免疫功能的影响,以探讨维生素D的适宜添加量。结果表明,添加550 IU/kg维生素D能显著提高蛋雏鸭平均日增重、降低料重比(P<0.05),显著提高IgA、IgG、T3、T4含量(P<0.05),并显著降低Cort含量(P<0.05)。由此可见,在玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮中添加适量的维生素D可提高蛋雏鸭生长性能及免疫功能。通过二次回归模型分析,估测蛋雏鸭日粮中维生素D的适宜添加量为523.1～560.6 IU/kg。     

饲粮中添加辣木梗粉对蛋雏鸭生长、免疫及抗氧化功能的影响

本试验通过在饲粮中添加不同水平的辣木梗粉,研究其对1～28日龄蛋雏鸭生长、免疫及抗氧化功能的影响,以探讨辣木梗粉的适宜添加量。试验选取健康、体重相近的1日龄三穗蛋雏鸭135只,随机分为3组(Ⅰ～Ⅲ组),每组3个重复,每个重复15只试鸭。采用基础饲粮加辣木梗粉进行饲喂,Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在基础饲粮中添加20 g/kg和40 g/kg辣木梗粉,试验期4周。结果表明:20 g/kg辣木梗粉添加组的平均日采食量(ADFI)分别比空白对照组和40 g/kg辣木梗粉添加组显著提高8.6%和9.8%(P <0.05);20 g/kg和40 g/kg g辣木梗粉添加组的平均日增重(ADG)分别比空白对照组显著提高11.8%和18.3%(P <0.05);40 g/kg辣木梗粉添加组的料重比(F/G)分别比空白对照组和20 g/kg辣木梗粉添加组显著降低16.2%和14.1%(P <0.05);20 g/kg和40 g/kg辣木梗粉添加组血清白蛋白(ALB)含量比对照组分别显著提高39.1%和49.5%(P <0.05);20 g/kg辣木梗粉添加组的免疫蛋白M(IgM)含量比空白对照组显著提高了1.6%(P <0.05);20 g/kg辣木梗粉添加组的血清丙二醛(MDA)含量比空白对照组显著减少33.16%(P <0.05)。综上,在基础饲粮中添加适量的辣木梗粉可提高1～28日龄蛋雏鸭的免疫及抗氧化功能,对辣木梗粉在蛋雏鸭的应用上提供了参考依据。     

马齿苋粉对肉鸡生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响

文章旨在研究饲粮中添加马齿苋粉对肉鸡生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响。试验选取平均体重接近的1日龄AA肉鸡160只,称重后随机分为4组,试验1、2、3组在对照组饲粮的基础上分别添加0.30%、0.60%、0.90%的马齿苋粉,共处理42 d。结果发现,与对照组相比,肉鸡21日龄时,试验1、2、3组ADG分别增加5.5%、10.0%、6.8%(P <0.05),试验1、2组F/C分别降低8.2%、6.4%(P <0.05);42日龄时,试验1、2、3组ADG分别增加8.9%、9.6%、8.7%(P <0.05),F/C分别降低8.6%、9.6%、10.1%(P <0.05)。此外,21日龄时,试验1、2、3组肉鸡血清中T-AOC比对照组分别增加12.0%、14.4%、10.1%(P <0.05),T-SOD活性分别增加6.6%、10.5%、9.1%(P <0.05),MDA浓度分别降低6.3%、8.0%、5.6%(P <0.05);42日龄时,试验1、2、3组肉鸡血清中T-AOC比对照组分别提高13.9%、20.3%、13.6%(P <0.05),T-SOD活性分别提高10.5%、14.8%、9.5%(P <0.05),MDA浓度分别降低11.1%、14.9%、9.7%(P <0.05),试验1、2组血清中GSH-Px活性较对照组分别提高10.2%、11.8%(P <0.05)。结果表明,饲粮中添加马齿苋粉显著促进肉鸡生长及增强抗氧化能力。     

精氨酸对笼养育雏期蛋鸭生产性能及抗氧化功能的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平精氨酸对0~4周龄笼养蛋雏鸭生长性能及抗氧化功能的影响,探讨笼养育雏期蛋鸭适宜的精氨酸添加水平。试验采用单因素完全随机分组设计,选择健康1日龄金定蛋雏鸭180只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只鸭,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂在玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮基础上分别添加0.10%、0.20%、0.30%、0.40%精氨酸的试验饲粮,试验期4周。结果表明：①饲粮中添加精氨酸平均日增重Ⅲ组显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组间差异均不显著(P>0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅳ组显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);平均日采食量以Ⅰ组最高,但各组间差异均不显著(P>0.05);料重比以Ⅲ组最低,显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组间差异不显著(P>0.05),同时,Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。②Ⅲ组血清和肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)与对照组相比差异显著（P<0.05),Ⅱ组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05);Ⅳ组肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05),根据试验中有效评价精氨酸营养需要量的抗氧化指标,估测精氨酸添加水平分别为0.183%、0.198%、0.093%、0.208%。由此可见,蛋雏鸭采食玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,精氨酸的适宜添加水平为0.093%~0.208%。     

Effect of dietary vanadium and vitamin C on egg quality and antioxidant status in laying hens

This study assessed the effect of dietary vanadium (V) and vitamin C (VC) on production performance, egg quality and antioxidant status in laying hens. A total of 360 laying hens (31‐week‐old) were randomly allotted into a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement treatments (four replicates and 10 chicks per replicate) with three levels of dietary V (0, 5 and 10 mg/kg) and three levels of vitamin C (0, 50 and 100 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. The effect of V and VC did not alter egg production, egg weight, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio during 1–12 week. Albumen height and Haugh unit value were linearly decreased (p < 0.001) by addition of V, whereas the effect of 100 mg/kg VC was observed to counteract (p < 0.05) this effect in V‐containing treatments during 1–12 week. Hens fed V‐containing diet laid lighter (linear effect, p < 0.05) coloured eggs (higher lightness value, lower redness and yellowness value), and the VC exerted no influence on it during 1–12 week. The serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activities, ability to inhibit hydroxyl radical, were significantly decreased, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) and V contents were increased (p < 0.05) by effect of V during 4, 8 and 12 week. The effect of VC alone and the interactive effect between VC and V were shown to increase serum (p < 0.05) SOD activity in 4 week and decrease MAD levels in 12 week. The result indicate that V decreased the egg quality and caused the oxidative stress at level of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, and the addition of 100 mg/kg vitamin C can alleviate its egg quality reduction effect and can mitigate the oxidative stress to some extent.     

锌和维生素C对热应激条件下肉鸡生长性能和免疫反应的影响

文章旨在研究日粮单独或联合使用锌和维生素C对高温条件下肉鸡生长性能和免疫反应的影响。试验选择320只1d肉仔鸡,根据体重随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮(锌含量为40mg/kg),处理1组在基础日粮中添加60mg/kg锌,处理2组在基础日粮中添加200mg维生素C,处理3组在基础日粮中添加60mg/kg锌+300mg/kg维生素C,试验共开展35d。在试验第21~35天对鸡只进行热应激诱导,即25℃12h,25~34℃3h,34℃6h,34~25℃3h。结果显示:处理组较对照组均显著提高了肉鸡的采食量、体增重(P<0.05),显著降低了料比(P<0.05)。日粮同时添加锌和维生素C组肉鸡采食量和体增重最高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,日粮添加60mg/kg锌、200mg/kg维生素C或锌和维生素C联合使用的肉鸡脾脏、胸腺和法氏囊重量显著提高(P<0.05)。60mg/kg锌+200mg/kg维生素C和200mg/kg维生素C组较对照组显著提高了新城疫、传染性法氏囊炎和传染性支气管炎的抗体滴度(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,60mg/kg锌+200mg/kg维生素C、200mg/kg维生素C组和60mg/kg锌组显著提高了血液白细胞总数、淋巴细胞和单核细胞占比(P<0.05)。结论:在本试验条件下,日粮单独或联合添加锌和维生素C均可显著改善热应激条件下肉鸡的生长性能和免疫状态。     

不同抗氧化剂和添加水平对肉仔鸡生产性能和抗氧化性影响的研究

为了研究不同抗氧化剂产品和添加水平对肉仔鸡生产性能和抗氧化性能的影响,本研究选用1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡96只,随机分为3个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复8只鸡。对照组(CTR)饲喂不添加任何抗氧化剂的基础日粮;SQM6组饲喂基础日粮+48mg/kgSQM6;SQMax组饲喂基础日粮+80mg/kgSQMax。记录肉仔鸡的日均采食量和平均日增重,并于28日龄时,随机在每个重复中选取1只鸡进行翅静脉采血,测定血清抗氧化指标。研究结果表明:与CTR相比,肉仔鸡日粮中添加抗氧化剂有改善饲料转化率的趋势(P>0.05);添加SQM6显著提高了血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性(P<0.05),并显著降低了丙二醛(MDA)的含量(P<0.05);日粮中添加SQMax显著提高了肉仔鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,肉仔鸡日粮中添加抗氧化剂SQM6和SQMax能够提高血清中超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性,降低丙二醛含量,改善肉仔鸡机体抗氧化功能。     

Effects of dietary supplementation of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on growth performance,immune status,antioxidant capacity and selected microbial populations of weaned piglets

Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are a complex mixture of highly branched and partially characterised polysaccharides and proteoglycans extracted from the goji berry. This mixture has great potential as a novel feed supplement for pigs. Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation with LBPs on the growth performance, immune status, antioxidant capacity and selected intestinal microbial populations in weaned piglets. In trial 1, a total of 400 weaned piglets [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of 6.34 ± 0.16 kg (21 days of age) were divided into five groups and fed a basal diet (control group) or a basal diet containing 1,000, 2,000, 4,000 or 6,000 mg/kg LBPs (supplemented at the expense of corn). Supplementation with 4,000 or 6,000 mg/kg LBPs for 2 weeks significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of the pigs compared with the control group (p < .05). In trial 2, thirty-two 21-days-old weaned piglets (BW: 6.33 ± 0.11 kg) were allotted to a control group (fed with a basal diet) or an experimental group (basal diet containing 4,000 mg/kg LBPs). The experiment lasted for 14 days. Pigs fed LBP diets exhibited an increased ADG and ADFI, and a decreased diarrhoeal incidence compared with those fed the basal diets (p < .05). Supplementation with LBPs increased the serum IgG and IgM levels (p < .05). Dietary LBPs effectively promoted antioxidant defence properties through enhancing the activities of serum, liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), in addition to decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) content (p < .05). The addition of LBPs increased the amounts of Bacteroidetes in the ileum and caecum and the caecal contents of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. (p < .05), while decreased the populations of Escherichia coli and Firmicutes in the ileum and caecum (p < .05) compared with the control group. Our results suggest that dietary supplementation with LBPs can enhance growth performance, immune status and antioxidant capacity, and improve the intestinal microbial populations of weaned piglets.     

维生素C、E及其交互作用对肉仔鸡生长性能及鸡肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究维生素C、E(VC、VE)及其交互作用对肉仔鸡生长及其鸡肉品质的影响。试验采用4×4完全随机试验设计将800只1日龄健康的艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分成16个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复10只。其中,VE设4个添加水平,分别为50、100、200、400 mg/kg日粮,VC的添加水平为50、100、200、400 mg/kg日粮。结果表明:在生长前期(0～21 d),日粮VE、VC的添加量对肉仔鸡日增重均无显著影响(P>0.05),VE、VC的互作效应在生长前期对肉仔鸡日增重和料重比的影响均不显著(P>0.05),前期VE(200 mg/kg)×VC(50 mg/kg)组料重比最低;在生长后期(4～6周龄),日粮VE、VC的添加量对肉仔鸡日增重、料重比的影响均显著(P<0.05),VE、VC的互作效应对肉仔鸡生长后期日增重和料重比的影响均显著(P<0.05);不同的VE、VC处理组之间pH 45 min、pH 12h、pH 24 h值、肉色、肌间脂肪、最大剪切力的差异均不显著(P>0.05),且VE、VC之间无显著的互作效应(P>0.05);不同维生素E组之间的滴水损失率差异极显著(P<0.01),...     

氧化锌对断奶仔猪生产性能和体液免疫的影响

本试验研究了不同添加水平的氧化锌对断奶仔猪生产性能和体液免疫的影响。选择96头21日龄健康三元(杜×长×大)杂交断奶仔猪,平均体重(6.87±0.53)kg,按体重和性别分成4个处理组,每处理组3个重复。第1组为对照组,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮 金霉素100mg/kg,第2、3、4组为试验组,在基础日粮中添加氧化锌,添加水平依次为900、1800、3400mg/kg。研究结果表明,各试验组日增重、料肉比显著改善(P<0.05),腹泻率显著下降(P<0.05),同时添加氧化锌还可以提高仔猪血清IgG、IgA、IgM含量,使仔猪体液免疫功能得到增强。     

Effects of different stocking densities on growth performance,antioxidant ability,and immunity of finishing broilers

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different stocking densities on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immunity of broilers. One thousand four hundred and forty 22‐day‐old Lingnan Yellow broilers were randomly allotted to five different stocking density groups (8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 birds per m²). Each group consisted of three replicates. The results showed that 8 and 10 birds/m² groups had higher average daily feed intake (ADFI) than the others (p < 0.05). Heat shock protein 70 (HSP₇₀) in the group of 16 birds/m² had the highest levels (p < 0.05). The group of 16 birds/m² had the lowest total antioxidant capability (T‐AOC) and total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) activities in blood serum (p < 0.05), and significantly increased interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) concentration compared to the groups of 8 and 10 birds/m² (p < 0.05). In liver, the group of eight birds/m² had higher T‐AOC levels than that of 12, 14, and 16 birds/m² (p < 0.05) and also higher catalase (CAT) activities than that of 14 and 16 birds/m² (p < 0.05); the group of 10 birds/m² had the highest T‐SOD activities among all groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the above results suggest that stocking density of broilers up to 8 or 10 birds/m² can prevent the negative effects on growth performance and welfare parameters in broilers.     

Effects of starch and gelatin encapsulated vitamin A on growth performance,immune status and antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets

To evaluate the effects of gelatin and starch encapsulated vitamin A on growth performance, immune status and antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets, a total of 96 weaned piglets (body weight = 9.11 ± 0.03 kg, 30-d-old) were randomly allotted to 3 treatments with 4 replications of 8 piglets each. The 3 treatments were control diet (basal diet without addition of vitamin A), gelatin vitamin A diet (basal diet + 13,500 IU/kg gelatin encapsulated vitamin A), and starch vitamin A diet (basal diet + 13,500 IU/kg starch encapsulated vitamin A), respectively. The results showed that piglets fed starch vitamin A diet had significantly higher final body weight and average daily gain compared to those in control and gelatin vitamin A groups (P < 0.05). Gelatin and starch vitamin A supplementation both highly increased serum retinol concentration and immunoglobulin (Ig) M level when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, serum IgA level and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were significantly increased by gelatin vitamin A diet on d 21 and starch vitamin A diet on d 42, respectively (P < 0.05). These results demonstrated that dietary supplementation of vitamin A could improve immune function and antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets, and starch vitamin A is better than gelatin vitamin A, especially in promoting the growth performance of piglets.     

几种食材原料对肉鸡生长性能、胴体性状和体液免疫的影响

文章旨在探讨日粮单独或联合添加几种常用的生活食材对肉鸡生长性能、胴体性状和体液免疫的影响.试验将672只1日龄、平均体重为(40.04±0.01)g科宝肉鸡随机分为7组,每组4个重复,每个重复24只.对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,T1～T6组分别饲喂基础日粮添加4?g/kg黑胡椒、4?g/kg姜黄、10?g/kg香菜...     

Effects of different sources and levels of dietary chromium supplementation on performance of broiler chicks

The current experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different dietary chromium supplementation sources, chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃), chromium methionine (Cr‐Met), or chromium yeast (Cr‐yeast), at different levels each (500 or 1,000 ppb) on growth performance, physiological traits, and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. A total of 490 seven‐day‐old Arbor Acres chicks were randomly distributed into 7 experimental groups each in 10 replicates of 7 birds each. The groups were control, 500 ppb Cr₂O₃, 1,000 ppb Cr₂O₃, 500 ppb Cr‐Met, 1,000 ppb Cr‐Met, 500 ppb Cr‐yeast, and 1,000 ppb Cr‐yeast. The results showed significant superiority of the organic chromium sources (Cr‐Met or Cr‐yeast) concerning body weight and weight gain, the group supplemented with 1,000 ppb Cr‐yeast consumed the lowest feed (3,185 g) and had the best feed conversion ratio (1.60) compared to the control (1.73). The chromium treatments recorded significantly better protein and lipid profile, antioxidant status, and immunological parameters than the control group. Similarly, dietary chromium supplementation increased carcass yield and decreased intestinal pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, supplementing broiler diets with organic chromium sources at 1,000 ppb promotes growth performance, physiological traits, and carcass characteristics; such chromium treatments enhanced the antioxidant status and immunity levels of broilers.     

不同维生素组合对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

本试验研究不同维生素组合对蛋鸡生产性能的影响。选用1350只25周龄罗曼粉壳蛋鸡。随机分为3个处理,每个处理10个重复,每个重复45只。处理1(对照组)为NRC(1994)维生素水平、处理2在处理1水平上添加0.035mg复合多维(罗维素Hy·D)、处理3在处理2基础上强化各维生素水平,试验期4周。结果表明,在本试验条件下,处理2和处理3对第4周的产蛋率有显著影响(P0.05),但对产蛋性能其他指标无显著影响(P0.05)。在满足维生素需要的情况下,增加维生素的添加量不影响蛋鸡生产性能。     

改性蒙脱石对肉鸭生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在研究改性蒙脱石(MMT)对肉鸭生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响。选取1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭320只,采用单因素随机区组试验设计,随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复10只肉鸭。对照组肉鸭饲喂基础日粮,MMT低量组、MMT中量组和MMT高量组分别在基础日粮中添加600、1 200、2 400 mg/kg MMT。试验期42 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,MMT中量组和MMT高量组肉鸭平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05),血清白细胞介素-2 (IL-2)含量和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著提高(P<0.05),血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。MMT低量组、MMT中量组和MMT高量组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究表明,添加MMT可以提高肉鸭的生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力;1 200 mg/kg MMT饲喂肉鸭的效果较理想。     

Alterations on vitamin C synthesis and transportation and egg deposition induced by dietary vitamin C supplementation in Hy-Line Brown layer model

In ovo feeding of vitamin C (VC) has positive effects on the growth performance, immune and antioxidant function in poultry, which indicates that increasing VC content in eggs may be of benefit. This study was to investigate the effects of dietary VC supplementation on VC synthesis and transportation and egg deposition. In Exp. 1, in order to select a suitable animal model, VC content was detected in different eggs from different layer species. Vitamin C content was lower in ISA Brown breeder eggs and Hy-Line Brown layer eggs (P < 0.05) then in Arbor Acres breeder eggs. In Exp. 2, a total of 24 Hy-Line Brown layers (42-week-old) were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 8 replicates and fed a basal diet with VC at 0, 200 and 400 mg/kg. Sodium-dependent VC transporter 1 and 2 (SVCT1 and SVCT2) expressions were higher in ileum than in duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05). SVCT1 expression was higher but SVCT2 expression was lower in the magnum than in the ovary (P < 0.05). L-Gulonolactone oxidase (GLO) and SVCT1 expressions were higher but SVCT2 was lower in the kidney than in the liver (P < 0.05). Dietary VC supplementation at 400 mg/kg increased SVCT1 expression in duodenum, ovary and magnum, but decreased GLO and SVCT1 expression in liver (P < 0.05). Dietary VC supplementation at 200 and 400 mg/kg increased SVCT2 expression in duodenum, but decreased GLO and SVCT1 expression in kidney and SVCT2 expression in liver (P < 0.05). Dietary VC supplementation promoted VC absorption in duodenum and jejunum, but reduced endogenous VC synthesis in liver and kidney. Although dietary VC supplementation enhanced VC transportation in ovary and magnum, it did not increase VC deposition in produced eggs.     

黄曲霉毒素对猪生长性能及免疫和抗氧化指标的影响

选用60头体质量28 kg左右的“杜长大”三元杂交猪,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪（公母各半）,分别饲喂基础日粮（C组）、基础日粮添加0.1 mg/kg黄曲霉毒素（AF组）,试验期90 d。饲养试验结束时,对猪的生长性能、免疫指标和抗氧化指标进行分析。结果表明：黄曲霉素显著影响试验猪的生长性能,日增重降低12.90%（P〈0.01）,料重比提高7.54%（P〈0.01）,同时显著降低试验猪的免疫功能和抗氧化能力。提示：长期饲喂0.1 mg/kg黄曲霉素可诱发猪黄曲霉毒素慢性中毒。