Chemical composition and <Emphasis Type="Italic">in sacco</Emphasis> degradability of four varieties of cassava leaves grown in Southwestern Nigeria in the rumen of sheep

The nutritive value of leaves of four varieties of cassava (MS 6, TMS 30555, Idileruwa and TMS 30572) were studied through analysis of their chemical components and degradability of their dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) in the rumen of sheep. Results of the chemical analyses showed that the leaves of the four varieties contained different proportions of organic matter which was significantly (P < 0.05) highest in TMS 30572 with value of 935 g/kg DM, while CP (gramme per kilogramme DM) was significantly highest in TMS 30555 (240), followed by MS 6 (235), TMS 30572 (208) and least in Idileruwa (177). Mean metabolisable energy (megajoules per kilogramme DM) was significantly (P < 0.05) highest in TMS 30572 (8.2) and similar with Idileruwa (8.0) but different from TMS 30555 and MS 6, respectively (7.8 and 7.6). The mineral contents (gramme per kilogramme DM) showed that leaves of MS 6 and Idileruwa had the highest concentrations of K (2.86) and a significantly lowest value (1.83) in TMS 30555. Also, the highest concentration of Ca and Fe (6.81 and 6.23) was recorded in MS 6. The highest Ca:P of 3.20 was obtained in TMS 30555. DM degradation characteristics and effective degradability varied significantly (P < 0.05) and were consistently highest in TMS 30572. The washing loss (a) ranged from 15.9% in MS 6 to 21.3% in TMS 30572. TMS 30572 tended to have higher (P = 0.546) insoluble but fermentable fraction (b) than all other varieties. Moreover, the potential degradability (a + b) tended to be higher (P = 0.041) in TMS 30572 (69.5%) followed by TMS 30555 (67.1%) and the lowest was in Idileruwa (42.7%). The highest effective degradability was recorded in TMS 30572 (63.9%) and the lowest in Idileruwa (40.7%). The degradation rate constants (c) of Idileruwa was significantly higher (P = 0.001) than those of MS6, TMS 30555 and TMS 30572. The results generally indicated that the leaves could be ranked for their potential feeding value as TMS 30572 (71.5%) > MS6 (65.8%) > Idileruwa (63.0%) > TMS 30555 (50.4%). It is therefore concluded from this study that leaves of TMS 30572 and MS 6 have good potential as feed resources for ruminant animals and could be used in ruminant feeding as protein source ingredient.     

Chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and gas production of straws from different varieties and accessions of chickpea

Chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and gas production of straw from four different varieties of Kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum) were studied. Kinetics of fermentation of straws from 19 different accessions of chickpea was also evaluated using gas production technique. Significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the yield of straw [from 1041 to 1174 kg dry matter (DM)/ha] from different varieties. The proportion of seed/straw from different varieties varied from 0.61 to 0.93. Crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre content of straw ranged from 28.1 to 35.8, 598.6 to 645.4 and 459.2 to 473.4 g/kg DM respectively. Organic matter digestibility was different (p < 0.05) among varieties and varied from 471.4 to 535.5 g/kg DM. Potential gas production (A), the rate constants (c and d) and lag times of straws from different chickpea varieties were not different (p > 0.05). However, the rate constants (c and d) and lag times were different (p < 0.05) among accessions. Potential gas production (A) differed (p < 0.05) approximately twofold among different accessions. The results emphasized that in any evaluation of chickpea varieties or accessions, where straw of this legume seed is used as an animal feed, not only seed yield but also yield and quality of straw should be taken into consideration.     

体外产气法评定天祝几种高山植物的抗营养因子及饲用潜力

比较和分析了6种富含单宁的家畜可饲高山植物粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维、粗灰分的含量,并对其酚类物质的含量进行了测定。结合体外产气技术(in vitrogas production method),对各种植物和添加聚乙烯二醇(PEG)的体外产气量和干物质降解率进行测定。结果表明,灌木粗蛋白含量较高,藏沙棘高达14.3%,缩合单宁含量随植物品种不同而变化,藏沙棘、金露梅和珠芽蓼含量分别为42.45,35.24,32.98 g/kg(DM)。添加PEG后,珠芽蓼、藏沙棘、金露梅和鬼箭锦鸡儿的产气量分别增加了36.9%,38.9%,16.4%和8.6%。     

Chemical composition,nitrogen degradability and in vitro ruminal biological activity of tannins in vines harvested from four tropical sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) varieties

This study investigated the potential of vines from four sweet potato varieties (Tia Nong 57, Tia Nong 66, Ligwalagwala and Kenya) as alternative feed resources for ruminant livestock. The chemical composition [neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), crude protein (CP) and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN)], in vitro ruminal nitrogen (N) degradability and in vitro ruminal biological activity of tannins in the vines, harvested at 70 and 110 days after planting (DAP), were determined. Variety and harvesting stage did not (p > 0.05) influence CP and NDF content of the vines. Concentration of CP ranged from 104.9 to 212.2 g/kg DM, while NDF ranged from 439.4 to 529.2 g/kg DM across harvesting stages and varieties. Nitrogen degradability (ND) at 70 and 110 DAP was highest (p < 0.05) in Ligwalagwala (743.1 and 985.0 g/kg DM, respectively). Treatment of vines with tannin‐binding polyethylene glycol (PEG) increased (p < 0.05) in vitro ruminal cumulative gas production parameters (a, b and c). The in vitro ruminal biological activity of tannins, as measured by increment in gas production parameters upon PEG inclusion, had a maximum value of 18.2%, suggesting low to moderate antinutritional tannin activity. Ligwalagwala vines, with highly degradable N, would be the best protein supplement to use during the dry season when ruminant animals consume low N basal diets and maintenance is an acceptable production objective. Tia Nong 66 and Kenya varieties, with less degradable N, may be more suitable for use as supplements for high‐producing animals such as dairy goats.     

Chemical composition and in sacco dry matter degradability of residue and by-products of palm fruit processing in the rumen of steers

The nutritive value of residue (palm calyx leaves (PCL)) and by-products (palm press fiber (PPF) and palm oil sludge (POS)) of palm fruit processing were studied through analysis of their chemical components and degradability of their dry matter (DM) in the rumen of steers. Chemical analysis showed that the materials have similar organic matter components (mean = 95.2%), while crude protein (CP, g/100 g) and metabolisable energy (ME, MJ/kg DM) were highest in POS (10.02 and 9.43), followed by PPF (7.02 and 8.61) and least in PCL (5.42 and 8.04). An opposite trend of CP and ME was noticed in NDF and ADF contents, being 61.53 and 49.11% in PCL, 44.84 and 32.08% in PPF and 25.35 and 20.29% in POS. Mineral contents showed that PPF and POS had the lowest and highest concentration, respectively, of Mg (0.07 vs. 0.11%), Cu (58.5 vs. 143.9 mg/kg) and Fe (1374.5 vs. 4086.0 mg/kg). Dry matter degradation characteristics and effective degradability varied significantly ( P  < 0.05) and were consistently highest in POS and least in PCL. Results have generally shown that the residue and by-products could be ranked for their potential feeding value as POS > PPF > PCL. It is concluded that POS and PPF can be harnessed directly as feed resources for ruminant animals, while PCL will require some treatments to enhance its nutritive value in ruminants.     

添加纤维素酶或甲酸对青贮菠萝茎叶饲用品质的影响

本试验旨在研究添加不同浓度的纤维素酶或甲酸青贮菠萝茎叶后对其饲用品质的影响。以菠萝茎叶作为研究材料,青贮处理方式分别为直接青贮（对照组）及添加0.1 g/kg纤维素酶、0.2 g/kg纤维素酶和3.0 g/kg甲酸、6.0 g/kg甲酸青贮,青贮45 d后进行营养成分、养分的瘤胃降解分析。结果表明,与对照组相比,2个纤维素酶处理组显著提高了单宁含量（P＜0.05）,其他成分含量均没有显著变化（P＞0.05）;3.0 g/kg甲酸处理组显著降低了氨态氮（NH₃-N）、钙和磷含量（P＜0.05）,显著提高了可溶性碳水化合物（WSC）含量（P＜0.05）;6.0 g/kg甲酸处理组显著提高了干物质（DM）、可溶性碳水化合物含量（P＜0.05）,显著降低了粗蛋白质（CP）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、氨态氮、钙和磷含量（P＜0.05）;6.0 g/kg甲酸处理组显著提高了72 h内干物质的瘤胃降解率（P＜0.05）,而对72 h粗蛋白质降解率和中性洗涤纤维降解率无显著影响（P＞0.05）。综上所述,在本试验条件下,添加6.0 g/kg甲酸青贮菠萝茎叶效果最好,其次为直接青贮组。     

Effect of supplementing Rhodes grass hay (Chloris gayana) with Berchemia discolor or Zizyphus mucronata on the performance of growing goats in Kenya

Twenty growing Small East African goats were used to determine the effects of feeding sun-dried leaves of the browse forages Berchemia discolor and Zizyphus mucronata as supplements to low-quality basal diet, Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay, on voluntary feed intake (VFI), digestibility and growth performance. The grass hay and maize bran were used as a control. The dried leaves were then included at the rates of 15% and 30% of the dry matter intake (DMI). Berchemia discolor had the highest crude protein (CP) content of 195.5 g/kg DM, while Z. mucronata had CP content of 169.5 g/kg DM. The grass hay had the lowest CP content of 50.9 g/kg DM. The browse forages had low fibre content [Neutral detergent fibre (NDF); 257.9-369.5 g/kg DM], while the grass hay had high fibre content (NDF; 713.1 g/kg DM). Goats in the groups supplemented with either of the browse forages had higher total DMI, nitrogen (N) intake and retention and live-weight gains than those in the control diet group. The digestibility of DM and organic matter (OM) was not affected by supplementation, but the CP digestibility increased with supplementation. The use of the browse forages as supplements for goats fed on poor-quality basal diets would enhance the performance of the animals.     

热研9号坚尼草选育研究

热研9号坚尼草是1988年从哥伦比亚国际热带农业中心引进的新品系,经鉴定后于1990年开始进行系列研究。结果表明,热研9号坚尼草不但保持了该属牧草高产优质的特点,干草产量18000kg/hm²·a,比对照增产40%,干物质含粗蛋白质7.90%,种子产量495.8kg/hm²,增产93.9%,而且具有耐酸瘦土壤、耐低温干旱、较耐荫蔽等特点,适宜在我国热带及亚热带地区种植。     

构树在肉牛瘤胃中降解特性的研究

为使构树能够作为非常规饲料用于反刍动物养殖生产中,以3头安装有永久瘘管的24月龄安格斯肉牛为试验动物来探究构树在瘤胃中的降解特性和营养价值,使用瘤胃尼龙袋法测定构树的叶、去叶枝条、125~135 cm及145~155 cm高全株构树在瘤胃内的降解率和降解参数并计算瘤胃能氮平衡参数。结果表明:1) 叶的粗蛋白质(CP)水平高达23.18%,显著高于其他3种形态构树(P<0.05),全株构树的CP含量显著高于去叶枝条(P<0.05),而酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)则呈现相反规律,其中125~135 cm全株ADF含量低于145~155 cm全株(P>0.05);2) 叶的干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、CP和ADF的有效降解率(ED)均显著大于125~135 cm和145~155 cm全株(P<0.05),三者又均显著大于去叶枝条(P<0.05),四者DM的ED均在40%以上,叶为65.82%;3) 叶的瘤胃降解蛋白(RDP)与过瘤胃蛋白(RUP)之比显著高于其他3种形态构树(P<0.05),说明叶的RDP含量高于RUP含量,而其他3种形态构树RUP含量高于RDP含量;4) 叶的瘤胃能氮平衡值(RENB)为负(-22.27 g·kg^-1),去叶枝条、125~135 cm及145~155 cm全株的RENB为正,分别为28.79、30.87和27.74 g·kg^-1。结论:4种形态构树的营养价值依次为叶>125~135 cm全株>145~155 cm全株>去叶枝条。其中,构树叶可作为蛋白质饲料使用,其他3种形态构树可以粗饲料的形式使用,4种形态构树均有成为优质饲料资源的潜力,但是在使用时应注意保持能氮平衡。     

小麦秸秆与米糠粕瘤胃体外发酵组合效应研究

为了探讨小麦秸秆与米糠粕间的组合效应,采用体外产气法评价了小麦秸秆与米糠粕按100:0(RBM0)、75:25(RBM25)、50:50(RBM50)、25:75(RBM75)、0:100(RBM100)的比例组合后的发酵特性。结果表明,1)在产气特性方面,随着米糠粕比例的增加,12,24,48 h累计产气量(GP)、理论最大产气量(HM)和产气速率(B)逐渐增大,而体外延滞时间(Lag)逐渐降低,各比例之间差异显著(P<0.05)。2)在体外发酵12,24,48 h时,当米糠粕占25%时,小麦秸秆与米糠粕的产气量产生最大组合效应(P<0.05)。3)当米糠粕占75%时,小麦秸秆与米糠粕的干物质降解率(DMD)、中性洗涤纤维降解率(NDFD)、酸性洗涤纤维降解率(ADFD)最大,各比例之间差异显著(P<0.05);当米糠粕占25%时,小麦秸秆与米糠粕的DMD产生最大的组合效应(P<0.05);当米糠粕占75%时,小麦秸秆与米糠粕的NDFD、ADFD产生最大组合效应(P<0.05)。4)当米糠粕占75%时,小麦秸秆与米糠粕组合体外发酵48 h的乙酸、丙酸、丁酸以及总挥发性脂肪酸浓度最高,乙酸/丙酸最低。5)48 h累计产气量、产气速率与干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、粗灰分(Ash)以及中性洗涤可溶物(NDS)极显著正相关(P<0.01),与中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、有机物(OM)、半纤维(HC)以及中性洗涤可溶物/粗蛋白(NDS/CP)呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);理论最大产气量与DM、CP、Ash、NDS显著正相关(P<0.05),与NDF、ADF、OM和HC显著负相关(P<0.05);Lag与NDS/CP极显著正相关(P<0.01)。本试验结果提示,在本试验条件下,从产气量及干物质降解率的组合效应方面来看,小麦秸秆与米糠粕的最优组合是75:25;从纤维降解率的组合效应方面来看,小麦秸秆与米糠粕的最优组合是25:75。     

Determination of the digestible energy intake and apparent absorption of macroelements in pasture-fed lactating Thoroughbred mares

AIM: To measure the nutritive value of pasture in terms of digestible energy (DE) intake (DEI) and dry matter (DM) digestibility, and to determine the apparent absorption of macroelements in lactating Thoroughbred mares grazed on pasture. METHODS: DM intake (DMI) and DEI were determined from daily faecal DM output measured in grazing mares, divided by the DM indigestible fraction (1-digestible DM), measured in a digestibility trial using pasture-fed mares. Eight lactating mares and their foals, that had a mean age of 40 days, were grazed separately on 50x100 m areas of pasture and daily faecal DM outputs were recorded for 8 days. Five mares and their foals were then placed in individual bare 20x20 m corrals containing custom-made feeding stations for 14 days to determine the indigestible DM fraction. DM, gross energy content, crude protein (CP), soluble carbohydrate, acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), lipid, and macroelement composition of the pasture offered and faeces were determined and their digestibility and/or apparent absorption calculated. RESULTS: DM digestibility of the pasture was 0.6 and the DMI and DEI of a grazing 560 kg mare in early lactation nursing a foal growing at 1.34 kg/day was 13.6 (SE 0.8) kg/day and 146.9 (SE 8.4) MJ DE/day, respectively. Apparent absorptions of the macroelements measured were: Ca 0.75, P 0.43, Mg 0.63, Na 0.78, and K 0.72. CONCLUSIONS: Good quality ryegrass-white clover pasture that had a DE content of 10.8 MJ/kg DM, and a macroelement composition (g/kg) of Ca 3.33, P 3.0, Mg 1.67, Na 1.67, and K 24.2, will provide adequate DMI, DEI, and macroelement intake to lactating Thoroughbred mares.     

Feeding different dietary protein to energy ratios to Holstein heifers: effects on growth performance,blood metabolites and rumen fermentation parameters

Eighteen Chinese Holstein heifers average age 230 ± 14 days were allocated to 1 of 3 dietary crude protein (CP) to metabolizable energy (ME) ratios to examine the effects on growth performance, blood metabolites and rumen fermentation parameters with 90‐days experiment. Three different dietary CP:ME ratios were targeted based on the formulation of dietary CP contents of 10.85%, 12.78% and 14.63% on dry matter (DM) basis with similar ME contents (10.42 MJ/kg DM), which were categorized as low, medium and high dietary CP:ME ratios. The actual CP:ME ratios obtained in this study significantly increased from low to high CP:ME ratio groups with a value of 10.59, 11.83 and 13.38 g/MJ respectively. Elevated CP:ME ratios significantly increased CP intake (kg/day) and feed efficiency (FE) which was defined as dry matter intake as a proportion of average daily gain (ADG), whereas little difference was observed in body weight (kg), ADG (kg/day), DM intake (kg/day) and ME intake (MJ/day) among the three different CP:ME ratio groups. Increasing dietary CP to ME ratios significantly increased CP digestibility, whereas digestibility of DM and gross energy remained constant in the current experiment. Blood urea nitrogen and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 linearly increased with increasing dietary CP:ME ratios. There was significantly dietary treatment effect on rumen fermentation parameters including acetate, propionate, butyrate and total volatile fatty acids. Therefore, this study indicated that increasing dietary CP levels with similar energy content contributed to increased protein intake and its digestibility, as well as FE. Holstein heifers between 200 and 341 kg subjected to 13.38 dietary CP:ME ratio showed improved feed efficiency, nutrient digestibility, some blood metabolites and rumen fermentation characteristics for 0.90 kg/day rate of gain.     

海南省部分热带灌木饲用价值评定

本试验旨在评定海南省部分热带灌木的饲用价值。试验通过常规化学成分分析和体外产气技术测定了18种热带灌木主要营养成分含量、体外产气量(GP)、体外干物质消化率(IVDMD)和代谢能(ME),并对营养成分与GP、IVDMD和ME进行相关性分析,采用多元线性回归分析得出相关的预测模型。结果表明,18种热带灌木干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、有机物(OM)、单宁(TT)含量及饲料相对值(RFV)、ME、IVDMD平均值分别为32.22%、14.14%、3.99%、38.83%、33.67%、91.48%、1.53%、1.14、8.24 MJ/kg、58.85%。另外,DM、CP、EE、ADF、NDF和TT与GP、IVDMD和ME显著相关(P<0.05)。综上所述,热带灌木CP、EE含量高,NDF、ADF含量适中,TT含量低,RFV、ME和IVDMD高,说明热带灌木对海南黑山羊具有较高的潜在饲用价值。同时,本试验提出了适用于热带灌木的GP、IVDMD和ME的营养成分预测模型。     

氮肥用量、刈割高度对饲用苎麻产量、营养品质及败蔸的影响

探讨了氮肥用量和刈割高度对“湘苎3号”(Xiangzhu-3)和“多倍体1号”(Tri-1)饲用产量、营养品质及败蔸的影响,为“湘苎3号”和“多倍体1号”作为饲用作物的开发利用提供理论支持。采用两因素随机区组设计,刈割高度设3个水平,分别是40 cm(D₁)、70 cm(D₂)和100 cm(D₃);氮肥设置3个水平,分别是每次施氮0 kg/hm²(N₁)、92 kg/hm²(N₂)和138 kg/hm²(N₃)。通过测定各处理饲用苎麻鲜物质产量、干物质产量、营养物质含量及败蔸率,对不同氮肥用量和刈割高度处理的苎麻饲用价值进行综合评价。结果表明,氮肥用量和刈割高度对湘苎3号和多倍体1号鲜物质产量、干物质产量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、粗纤维和磷含量影响显著,其中刈割高度是苎麻鲜物质产量、干物质产量和粗纤维有关参数的主要决定因子,湘苎3号粗蛋白含量主要由刈割高度决定,而多倍体1号粗蛋白含量主要由氮肥用量决定。其交互作用对湘苎3号和多倍体1号粗脂肪和粗纤维含量影响显著。在相同刈割高度下,湘苎3号和多倍体1号鲜物质产量、干物质产量、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均以N₂处理最高,粗纤维含量随着氮肥用量的增加而降低。在相同氮肥用量下,湘苎3号和多倍体1号粗蛋白、钙和磷含量随刈割高度的增加而降低,生物产量和粗纤维含量随刈割高度的增加而增加。与此同时,多次刈割会引起湘苎3号和多倍体1号不同程度的败蔸。在本试验条件下,湘苎3号和多倍体1号最适合的刈割高度是70~100 cm,氮肥用量是92 kg/hm²。     

Effects of isovalerate on ruminal fermentation,urinary excretion of purine derivatives and digestibility in steers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of isovalerate supplementation on rumen fermentation, urinary excretion of purine derivatives and feed digestibility in the total tract of steers. Eight ruminally cannulated Simmental steers were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. The treatments were: control (without isovalerate), low isovalerate (LIV), medium isovalerate (MIV) and high isovalerate (HIV) dosage of isovalerate at 100, 200 and 300 mg isovalerate per kg dry matter (DM) intake respectively. Diets consisted of corn stover and concentrate (60/40, DM basis). Dry matter intake was approximately 9 kg per day that was 90% of ad libitum intake including 5.4 kg corn stover and 3.6 kg concentrate. Ruminal pH (6.72–6.54) was linearly (p < 0.03) reduced, whereas total volatile fatty acid concentration (64.6–74.7 mmol/l) was linearly (p < 0.01) and quadratically (p < 0.01) increased with increasing isovalerate supplementation. Ratio of acetate to propionate increased linearly (p < 0.01) from 2.78 to 3.39 as isovalerate supplementation increased because of the increase in acetate production and decrease in propionate production. In situ ruminal degradation of amylase‐treated neutral detergent fibre (aNDF) of corn stover was improved, but crude protein (CP) degradability of soybean meal decreased with increasing isovalerate supplementation. Urinary excretion of purine derivatives was quadratically (p < 0.01) changed by altering isovalerate supplementation (50.5, 54.3, 58.9 and 55.2 mmol/day for control, LIV, MIV and HIV, respectively). Similarly, digestibilities of organic matter, aNDF and CP in the total tract were linearly and quadratically increased with increasing isovalerate supplementation. The results of this study indicate that supplementation of diet with isovalerate improved ruminal fermentation and feed digestion in beef cattle. It was suggested that the isovalerate stimulated the digestive micro‐organisms or enzymes in a dose‐dependent manner.     

Effects of variety, cropping year, location and fertilizer application on nutritive value of durum wheat straw

This study was carried out to assess the effects of variety, year, location and level of fertilizer application on chemical composition and in sacco dry matter (DM) degradability of durum wheat straw as well as to understand the relationship between straw quality and agronomic traits of the crop and to assess the possibilities of selecting wheat varieties that combine high grain yield with desirable straw quality. Two local (Arendeto and Tikur sinde) and two improved (Boohai and Gerardo) varieties of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum Desf.) were used in the experiment. The four varieties were grown at two locations (Akaki and Ejere) in the years 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 in 5 x 5 m plots in three replications. Diammonium phosphate and urea fertilizers were applied at four levels (0/0, 32/23, 41/23 and 64/46 kg/ha of nitrogen/phosphorus). Straw quality was assessed based on chemical composition and in sacco DM degradability. Correlation of straw quality with grain and straw yield and with other agronomic characteristics of the crop was determined. The potential utility index (a measure that integrates grain and digestible straw yield) was used for ranking of the varieties. The local varieties had higher crude protein (CP) and lower neutral detergent fibre contents and higher digestibility than the improved varieties. The cropping year and location had significant effect on CP content and degradability of the straw, which could be due to climatic variation. However, the fertilizer level did not have any significant effect on straw quality except that the CP content of the straw tended to increase with increasing level of fertilizer application. Based on the potential utility index the varieties ranked, in a decreasing order, as Tikur sinde > Arendeto > Gerardo > Boohai and the ranking was consistent across years and locations. Except the CP content, straw quality was not negatively correlated with grain and straw yield. This indicates that there is a possibility of selecting varieties of wheat that combine high grain and straw yield with desirable straw quality.     

饲草玉米不同生育期的产量、品质和青贮利用研究

对墨西哥大刍草、玉草3号和玉草6号3种不同类型饲草玉米在孕穗期、抽雄期和吐丝期的产量、青贮品质及其营养价值进行了分析。结果表明:品种和生育期对鲜、干草产量有显著影响,而二者之间的交互作用对鲜、干草产量影响不显著;3个品种鲜、干草产量均在吐丝期最高,其中,玉草6号鲜、干草产量极显著高于玉草3号和墨西哥大刍草。从抽雄期及以后,所有饲草玉米干物质(DM)含量均达20%以上,符合青贮对水分的要求。粗蛋白(CP)含量从孕穗期到吐丝期逐渐降低,变幅为8.19%DM~12.80%DM;各时期CP含量均以玉草6号最高,玉草3号和墨西哥大刍草CP含量差异较小。可溶性糖(WSC)含量在孕穗期最高,纤维含量随生育期延长均呈上升趋势。青贮发酵品质在不同生育期差异显著,孕穗期pH值为3.69,乳酸(LA)含量为7.00%DM,发酵品质最优。品种主效应分析表明,玉草6号发酵品质最好,玉草3号和墨西哥大刍草差异不显著。综合分析品种和生育期对青贮发酵品质和营养成分的影响,玉草6号在孕穗期青贮,相对饲用价值达103.28,发酵品质和营养价值最好;玉草3号和墨西哥大刍草在抽雄期青贮发酵品质和营养价值最佳。     

晋北农牧交错区引进燕麦品种生产性能及饲用价值比较

为筛选出适宜晋北农牧交错区栽培的燕麦品种,对13个燕麦品种的物候期、株高、产草量、叶茎比、营养成分[干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和粗灰分(Ash)]以及饲用价值等进行品比试验。结果表明,不同燕麦品种株高、鲜草产量、干草产量、茎叶比及其营养成分含量之间差异显著,其中太阳神的株高最高,为133.61 cm,而梦龙的株高最低,仅92.02 cm,差异极显著(P<0.01)。牧王的干草产量最高,为10511.98 kg/hm²,与牧乐思、太阳神及科纳无显著差异(P>0.05),但显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。牧王和牧乐思的叶茎比较高于其他品种,分别为0.31和0.28。各个燕麦品种的DM、CP、EE、NDF、ADF和Ash含量的变化范围分别为93.37%~95.29%、11.03%~12.81%、2.78%~4.45%、55.51%~65.20%、26.14%~34.39%和5.70%~7.13%。美达及贝勒的饲料相对值(RFV)显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。综合分析结果表明,牧王、牧乐思及太阳神较其他品种更适宜在该地区推广种植。     

广东种植不同小麦的全株产量、营养成分、青贮发酵品质及其相关性

全株小麦(Triticum aestivum)具有较高的饲用价值,已经成为一些国家或地区重要的粗饲料资源。为筛选出适宜广东冬闲田种植的高产优质小麦品种,选取24个小麦品种种植到华南地区的冬闲田,研究其全株产量、营养成分、青贮品质以及青贮品质与营养成分间的相关性。参试的24个小麦品种干物质产量在5.20～9.81 t·hm^-2之间,粗蛋白产量在0.40～0.85 t·hm^-2之间,其中‘石麦1号’、‘川麦61’和‘衡观35号’的干物质产量高于其他品种,‘石麦1号’的相对饲用价值最高,‘川麦61’和‘衡观35号’的相对饲用价值显著低于‘石麦1号’。干物质产量与种子千粒重呈显著正相关(P<0.05);粗蛋白和丁酸含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05);有效分蘖数与株高呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);干物质含量与粗蛋白、粗纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、乳酸和丁酸含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05);NDF和丁酸含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。基于对24个小麦品种产量和营养的评价,‘石麦1号’和‘衡观35号’适合广东冬闲田种植。     

Effects of supplementing Leucaena leucocephala and conserved forages from natural pasture on the performance of grazing calves

Twelve white Fulani × N'dama cross-bred calves weighing 83.79?±?1.16 kg were used in an 84-day experiment to investigate the utilization of forage resources from natural grazing land. The experimental diets were sole grazing, grazing + hay, grazing + silage and grazing + Leucaena leucocephala leaves. The calves were divided into four groups of three animals each and were randomly assigned to the four experimental diets. Crude protein (CP) contents of the forages ranged from 59 to 171 g/kg dry matter (DM). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents of the forages ranged from 560 to 705 g/kg DM and 363 to 440 g/kg DM, respectively. Significantly (P?<?0.05) higher values in mineral contents (Ca, K, P and Mg) were recorded for L. leucocephala leaves compared to other forage resources. Variations (P?<?0.05) were observed in the average daily gain. Animals on grazing + L. leucocephala leaves diet had the highest (113 g/day) average daily gain, while those on sole grazing showed the least value (26.2 g/day). Packed cell volume (PCV), total serum protein, urea and calcium concentration showed significant differences (P?<?0.05). Effective utilization of forage resources from the natural pasture by the calves was attained on supplementation with conserved forages and L. leucocephala leaves without any deleterious effects on the haematological and serum parameters.