牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病诊断方法研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病是由黄病毒科、瘟病毒属的牛病毒性腹泻病毒引起的一种传染性疾病。该病以发热、黏膜糜烂、溃疡、白细胞减少、腹泻、怀孕母牛流产或产畸型胎儿为主要特征。该文就近几年来国内外对该病的实验室诊断方法,包括病毒分离、血清学试验、电镜观察、免疫荧光技术、聚合酶链反应技术等的研究概况进行了综述。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒检测技术研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻(BVD)是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)所致牛的一种接触性传染病,呈世界性流行,该病主要表现为腹泻、急慢性黏膜感染、繁殖障碍等,对畜牧业危害严重,是国际贸易中动物检疫的重要疫病之一。快速准确的检测手段,有利于该传染病的早期发现和及时控制。目前,用于检测牛病毒性腹泻病毒的方法很多,论文对近年来国内外应用的等温核酸扩增技术(IAT)、重组酶聚合酶扩增技术(RPA)、指数富集配体系统进化技术(SELEX)、多重PCR技术、多重连接探针扩增技术(MLPA)、RT-PCR抗原酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)等进行简要介绍,为我国动物检疫工作提供参考。     

牛病毒性腹泻的鉴定以及治疗

为了鉴定甘肃武威地区某牛场中牛病毒性腹泻病的发病情况,分别采集了13只病牛的血液样品、粪便样品配合诊断,通过血清学诊断方法和PCR鉴定的方法对样本进行了检测,结果显示血清学方法中的13份血液样本有8份为阳性,粪便样本提取RNA,进行RT-PCR同样可以检测到8份样本中扩增得到片段大小为267bp的条带,检测的13份样本有8份样本的血清学检测和粪便PCR检测均为阳性,本次检测的阳性率为61.54%,结果表明本次检测的甘肃武威地区某养殖场的牛病毒性腹泻阳性率相对较高,需要加强牛病毒性腹泻的防控,采取科学的手段治理该类疾病降低其对养牛产业的损失。     

牛病毒性腹泻的鉴定及讨论

[目的]为了鉴定甘肃武威地区某牛场中牛病毒性腹泻病的发病情况,分别采集了13只病牛的血液样品、粪便样品配合诊断.[方法]通过血清学诊断方法和PCR鉴定的方法对样本进行了检测.[结果]显示血清学方法中的13份血液样本有8份为抗原检测为阳性,粪便样本提取RNA,进行RT-PCR同样可以检测到8份样本中扩增得到片段大小为26...     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒的分子生物学研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻病(Bovine Viral Diarrhea,BVD)是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)引起的,主要侵害牛的一种重要传染病,临床主要表现为发热、黏膜糜烂、溃疡、白细胞减少、持续感染(Persistently Infected,PI)、咳嗽及怀孕母牛流产或产生畸形胎儿等等。羊、猪、鹿和多种野生动物等也能感染和传播。该病呈世界性分布,从世界范围内讲已有60多年的历史,在我国也已存在20多年之久,给各国畜牧业造成了巨大的经济损失,但目前为止,还没有有效的预防和控制BVDV的措施。本文阐述了BVDV的基因组结构、编码的蛋白质、分子流行病学、生物型及生物型之间转化机制以及国外BVDV新型疫苗研制等方面的进展情况,以便人们进一步了解该病分子生物学方面的信息。     

牛病毒性腹泻的研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻（ＢＶＤ）是由牛腹泻病毒（ＢＶＤＶ）引起的一种重要的牛传染性疾病，该病分布许多国家，我国的许多地区也有本病的报道，据统计牛群的血清抗体阳性高达５０－９０％，对养牛业造成严重威胁。由于病毒的持续性感染，发病牛群的净化和控制费用是极其昂贵的，由此带来的出口限制，造成的损失也是不可估量的。因此，许多国家对该病的研究和都很重视，并取得重要的进展，许多概念有了新的内容和含意，并在疾病的防治中起重     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒的分子生物学进展

牛病毒性腹泻病毒（ＢＶＤＶ）可引起临床感染和某些疾病,包括繁殖障碍、呼吸综合症、先天性缺陷、肠炎、持续感染（ＰＩ）和粘膜病（ＭＤ）〔１,２〕。本文阐述ＢＶＤＶ的生物学特征、基因组、编码蛋白及ＭＤ致病的分子机制。１ＢＶＤＶ生物学特征１．１ＢＶＤＶ分类位...     

宁夏部分地区牛病毒性腹泻的血清学检测

[目的]掌握宁夏地区部分牛场犊牛病毒性腹泻病毒感染情况,为犊牛病毒性腹泻的净化和综合防治提供依据。[方法]从宁夏4个市9个县(区)的25个发病牛场(户)采集血清样品191份,采用ELISA方法,进行血清学调查。[结果]宁夏4个地级市犊牛病毒性腹泻的抗体阳性率高达64.92%,并有一定程度的抗原阳性,且主要发生在1月龄以内的犊牛。[结论]牛病毒性腹泻是具有重大经济意义的疾病,是今后宁夏养牛业应重点防范的疾病之一。     

牛病毒性腹泻病实验室诊断方法的研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒引起的,以出现多症状、持续性感染和免疫抑制为主要特征,呈世界性广泛流行。主要对用于该病的病原学诊断、血清学诊断和分子生物学诊断等实验室诊断方法进行综述,以期为建立更加快速、有效的诊断方法提供参考。     

牛病毒性腹泻疫苗的研究进展

牛病毒性腹泻(bovine viral diarrhea,BVD)作为一种病毒性腹泻黏膜病,给养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失,应用疫苗来防控牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)依然是重要的方法。直至目前,我国还没有成熟的BVDV疫苗,本研究主要综述了近几年来国外BVDV疫苗的研究进展,旨在为国内BVDV疫苗的研制及应用提供参考。     

牦牛病毒性腹泻病研究进展

牦牛感染牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)后常发生胃肠炎等消化系统疾患和呼吸系统疾患、繁殖障碍,造成机体损伤,给牦牛产业发展造成一定影响。基于5"-UTR的差异将BVDV分为BVDV-I和BVDV-II两种基因型,牦牛源BVDV的主要基因型为BVDV-1型;根据BVDV对宿主细胞的致病性,分为致细胞病变型(Cy-topathogenic,CP)和非致细胞病变型(Non-cytopathogenic,NCP)两个生物型,牦牛源BVDV既有CP型又有NCP型,且这两种生物型能相互转化。牦牛生活的高原地区风、鸟类的迁徙等因素可能都会导致牦牛BVD传播范围广泛,牛群中大量的BVDV携带者和牦牛特殊而又复杂的生态系统导致了BVDV种间传播的巨大潜力,影响着牦牛产业的健康发展和养殖经济收益。针对本病在牦牛群中的感染流行等情况未发现相关详细的研究报道,笔者就牦牛BVD病原学、流行病学调查、实验室诊断、综合防治等方面研究进展情况进行整理,供同仁在研究和防控中参考借鉴。     

Methods for detection and frequency of contamination of fetal calf serum with bovine viral diarrhea virus and antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus.

Methods used by the National Animal Disease Center to test fetal calf serum for contamination with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and antibodies against BVDV are described. Using those methods, virus was isolated from 332 of 1,608 (20.6%) lots of raw fetal calf serum obtained specifically for the Center and 93 of 190 (49%) lots of commercially available fetal calf serum. Virus neutralization and immunoperoxidase staining tests were used to detect antibodies against BVDV in 224 of the 1,608 (13.9%) lots of raw fetal calf serum. Both BVDV and antibodies against BVDV were detected in 50 lots of raw serum. The molecular specificity of antibodies against BVDV was determined by radioimmunoprecipitation. Lots of fetal calf serum that contained BVDV-specific antibodies that did not neutralize virus were identified.     

进口奶牛病毒性腹泻病毒快速检测鉴定

采用ELISA方法对3 073头奶牛全血进行牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)检测,结果发现编号a889的血样呈阳性反应,另外有3份血样(a126、a803、b1277)呈可疑反应;进一步的白细胞抽提物ELISA反应表明,a889血样呈阳性反应,其余呈阴性反应。对a889血样进行RT-PCR扩增,得到1条310 bp大小的特异性条带,与预期片段大小吻合;经序列同源性比较分析,确定a889血样中存在牛病毒性腹泻病毒。     

An immunodiffusion test for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus antibodies in bovine serum.

An immunodiffusion test (IDT) was developed for detecting bovine viral diarrhea virus antibodies in bovine serum. The antigen utilized in the IDT was prepared from bovine viral diarrhea virus-infected monolayer cultures. Results of the IDT were obtained within 48 hours and correlated with the virus-neutralization test.     

Effect of levamisole on induced bovine viral diarrhea

The effect of levamisole in calves experimentally infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus was evaluated in a double-blind study. The infection was mild and there was no difference in severity of infection or speed of recovery between levamisole-treated and 0.9% NaCl solution-treated (control) calves. Also, the serum antibody titers and viral recovery data of these calves were comparable. The white blood cell counts were consistently higher in the treated group than in the control group, with the difference peaking on postinoculation day 15. The detection of marked lymphopenia in control calves but not in levamisole-treated calves indicated a potential use of levamisole in bovine viral diarrhea.     

基因2型牛病毒性腹泻病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立和初步应用

根据已发表的牛病毒性腹泻病毒基因1型(BVDV-1)和2型(BVDV-2)5非编码区(5-UTR)的序列,分别设计了针对BVDV-1型、BVDV-2型以及针对BVDV-1和BVDV-2两型的特异性引物和通用引物,以标准参考株BVDV-1 NADL株和BVDV-2890 株为对照,建立了分别能检测BVDV-1、BVDV-2和BVDV-1/BVDV-2的RT-PCR 检测方法.在此基础上,进一步对疑似BVDV-2感染牛的临床病料组织(脾、淋巴结、心肌、血液等)检测结果表明,在所检测的18份样品中,BVDV-2阳性8份(44%).经RT-PCR鉴定为阳性的组织病料,进一步通过MDBK 细胞进行病毒分离,病毒分离率为100%;结合感染细胞病变观察,间接免疫荧光试验RT-PCR和序列测定鉴定,所分离的病毒均为BVDV-2.上述研究表明,该RT-PCR检测方法敏感、特异;并证实我国牛群已存在BVDV-2的污染或感染.     

Response of cattle persistently infected with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus to vaccination for bovine viral diarrhea and to subsequent challenge exposure with cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus

Nine steers persistently infected with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus were allotted into 3 groups (3 cattle/group). Cattle in group A were vaccinated with a modified-live BVD virus vaccine of porcine cell origin, cattle in group B with a modified-live BVD virus vaccine of bovine cell origin, and cattle in group C with a killed BVD virus vaccine of bovine cell origin. Detrimental effects due to vaccination were not seen. Six weeks after vaccination, the steers were challenge exposed with a cytopathic BVD virus. All steers developed mucosal disease after challenge exposure, produced antibodies that neutralized various isolates of BVD virus, and remained persistently infected until death. Steers given killed virus vaccine had a minimal neutralizing-antibody response and developed mucosal disease as quickly as reported for challenge-exposed, nonvaccinated, persistently infected cattle. Steers given modified-live virus vaccines had higher neutralizing-antibody response and longer intervals from challenge exposure to development of mucosal disease. The specificity of the neutralizing-antibody response differed between groups of vaccinated cattle.     

牛病毒性腹泻病病毒荧光定量PCR检测体系的建立与评价

基于实时荧光定量PCR技术建立了一种有效地检测牛病毒性腹泻病病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)核酸的方法.对BVDV基因组进行同源比对,选取5'UTR区作为扩增目的区,经软件分析后设计特异扩增引物,扩增片段长度为203 bp.选用SYBR染料作为扩增时信号指示剂,经扩增曲线分析表明,建立的方法可有效地检测BVDV.检测体系可检测到10~2 copies/μL的样品拷贝数.故本研究建立的BVDV实时定量检测体系可用于易感动物,牛源血液生物制品及其他可能感染或污染BVDV样品的检测.     

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus in bovine sera

A specific and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established for the detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in bovine sera. Polyethylene-glycol concentrated, equilibrium density gradient purified BVDV was used as test antigen at an optimal amount of 1 microgram/well, whereas the optimal concentration of conjugate was at 1/2000 dilution. The standardized test encountered no non-specific reaction with test sera at a starting dilution of 1/10. A total of 50 bovine serum samples was assayed for the presence of antibodies against BVDV by ELISA and serum neutralization test (SNT). A positive correlation between the 2 tests was found. However, ELISA could be as much as 500-fold more sensitive than SNT in detecting low levels of BVDV antibodies.