农杆菌介导大豆遗传转化研究进展及转基因作物现状

利用转基因技术将目的基因导人植物受体细胞,使目的基因在植物受体中表达,从而获得优良性状的植株,达到快速培育植物新品种的目的.将植物基因工程技术与常规育种技术相结合,在培育优质、高产和抗逆植物新品种中具有巨大潜力.目前,在各种转基因物种中,大豆仍是难转化的作物之一,建立有效的转化系统是改良大豆品质性状和研究大豆功能基因的先决条件.综述农杆菌介导大豆遗传转化分子机理,影响大豆遗传转化因素,提高大豆转化效率的最新研究进展及转基冈大豆生产现状.     

农杆菌介导大豆未成熟子叶的遗传转化

用农杆菌LBA4404(pGBI121S4ABC)转化5个大豆品种的未成熟子叶,经卡那霉素筛选得到抗性植株,进一步用PCR检测,获得10株PCR阳性植株.同时发现,不同大豆品种农杆菌转化的效率是不同的,吉林43较易于转化;共培养时间是影响转化效率的主要因子.     

农杆菌介导大豆遗传转化技术的研究进展

农杆菌介导是大豆遗传转化的主要手段.该文从受体基因型及外植体选择、菌株筛选及载体改造、标记基因选用和添加剂应用等方面,介绍了近年来对农杆菌介导大豆遗传转化方法所做的改进,分析了存在问题,展望了近期发展方向.     

农杆菌介导的大豆体细胞胚遗传转化影响因子的研究

用大豆体细胞胚为外植体,以抗性体细胞胚筛选率为转化率的指标,研究了农杆菌介导的大豆体细胞胚遗传转化系统的几种影响因子.结果表明,用球形期的体细胞胚受伤处理作为转基因的受体、预培养1.5天有利于转化;筛选不同的代数,转化率在3个月以前明显下降,而在3个月以后则基本稳定在8%左右.     

农杆菌介导的大豆植株整体转化

农杆菌介导的植物整体转化法主要以植物的分生组织和生殖器官作为外源基因导人的受体,通过真空渗透法、浸蘸法及注射法等方法使农杆菌与受体材料接触,以完成可遗传细胞的转化,通过抗生素筛选和分子检测鉴定转基因植株后代.以大豆幼苗的顶端生长点和叶腋生长点为靶点,通过农杆菌介导的整体转化法--注射法进行转录因子DREB1C基因的遗传转化,最终获得6株T0代PCR阳性转基因植株,转化率为9.2%.T1代植株的PCR、Southern blot和RT-PCR鉴定结果表明获得1株阳性植侏,DREB1C基因以单拷贝形式整合于大豆基因组中,在200 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫条件下在转录水平得到成功表达.该方法克服了大豆组织培养再生难、转化率低的缺点,是一种高频、简单、快捷的非组培遗传转化途径.     

农杆菌介导的大豆子叶节基因导入和再生植株

以栽培大豆南农７３－９３５，南农８７Ｃ－３９，南农８６－２１，卫５１５子叶节组织为材料，接种农杆菌Ｃ５８Ｃ１（ｐＧＶ２２６０：：ｐＧＶ３００），在含卡那霉素（ｋｍ）２００ｍｇ／ｌ的ＭＳ培养基上仅自卫５１５品种筛选得到５株抗性小植株，对其中最绿的一株进行新霉素磷酸转移酶Ⅱ活性测定。     

农杆菌介导不同基因型大豆品种子叶节遗传转化条件的研究

以黑农46、黑农53和黑农56的子叶节为转化受体,对农杆菌介导大豆子叶节遗传转化中的6-BA浓度、草丁膦浓度、侵染时间、共培养时间以及伸长培养基进行筛选,确定适合不同基因型的最佳转化条件。结果表明:黑农46、黑农53和黑农56的最佳6-BA诱导浓度分别为1.7、1.6和1.7 mg.L-1;最佳草丁膦筛选浓度分别为2.0、3.0和2.0 mg.L-1;同时确定了侵染时间、共培养时间和伸长培养基类型的最佳组合是侵染时间25 min、共培养时间3 d和Ⅲ型伸长培养基。     

农杆菌介导的大豆转基因研究进展

植物基因工程是大豆遗传改良的的重要途径.近几年来转基因植物与日俱增,转化方法也得到了快速的发展.本文综述了农杆菌介导的大豆遗传转化体系及其优缺点,分析了影响转化效率的因素,介绍了农杆菌介导的转基因大豆研究成果.通过对不同方法的比较,结果表明农杆菌介导法是目前大豆转基因中发展较为成熟的方法,但转化体系有待于进一步的优化,从而提高转化率.     

脯氨酸、硝酸银对农杆菌转化大豆的影响

农杆菌介导的遗传转化技术是植物遗传转化中广泛采用的一种技术。如何提高转化率是植物遗传转化中的一个关键问题，已发现有许多物质能够促进农杆菌介导的遗传转化。如乙酰丁香酮（AS）等许多酚类化合物都有助于农杆菌T-DNA的转移从而提高转化率，本实验在农杆菌转化大豆的过程中辅加化合物脯氨酸，硝酸银，通过对GUS基因表达的分析。结果表明这两种化合物均能明显地提高大豆的转化率，其中2mg/L浓度的脯氨酸及2mg/L的AgNO3具有最佳效果。较适合用于大豆的转化。     

大豆遗传转化技术研究进展

高效、稳定的遗传转化体系是开展大豆转基因育种及功能基因组学研究的重要前提。自1988年首次建立基因枪和农杆菌介导的大豆遗传转化技术以来,围绕影响大豆转化效率提高的各种因素,国内外学者对大豆转化方法进行了多方面的改进,包括在共培养基中添加抗氧化剂类化合物,选用强毒农杆菌菌株以及不同的外植体和筛选剂等。经过20多年的发展,大豆遗传转化效率不断提高,目前已报道的大豆转化效率最高可达32.6%。文章对近年来大豆遗传转化技术研究进展进行了综述,并对影响大豆转化效率的主要因素进行了探讨。     

Factors Affecting Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation Efficiency in Rice

Several important factors affecting the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated rice transformation were studied with several predominant commercial indica and japonica rice cultivars. As far as indica rice callus was concerned, CC medium was the best and the quality of callus was improved with the addition of 1.0 to 2.0 mg/L ABA. It decreased the percentage of browning calli and improved the callus growing state by addition of a certain amount of sorbitol to the subculture medium. NB medium was the best for callus initiation of japonica rice, but the improvement in the quality of callus of japonica subspecies was not obvious by adding ABA. During the period of subculture, to a certain degree, increasing the sucrose concentration could improve the proportion of hygromycin resistant calli. Furthermore, the transformation efficiency would be higher by applying selection pressure in the selection stage, removing selection pressure during the plantlet differentiation period and applying selection pressure again during seedling hardening period. Besides, suitable combination of plant hormones was beneficial for callus differentiation. An efficient Agrobacterium-mediated rice transformation system had been established for several rice cultivars and a lot of transgenic rice plants had been obtained.     

Factors Affecting Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation Efficiency in Rice

Several important factors affecting the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated rice transformation were studied with several predominant commercial indica and japonica rice cultivars. As far as indica rice callus was concerned, CC medium was the best and the quality of callus was improved with the addition of 1.0 to 2.0 mg/L ABA. It decreased the percentage of browning calli and improved the callus growing state by addition of a certain amount of sorbitol to the subculture medium. NB medium was the best for callus initiation of japonica rice, but the improvement in the quality of callus of japonica subspecies was not obvious by adding ABA. During the period of subculture, to a certain degree, increasing the sucrose concentration could improve the proportion of hygromycin resistant calli. Furthermore, the transformation efficiency would be higher by applying selection pressure in the selection stage, removing selection pressure during the plantlet differentiation period and applying selection pressure again during seedling hardening period. Besides, suitable combination of plant hormones was beneficial for callus differentiation. An efficient /Agrobacterium-mediated rice transformation system had been established for several rice cultivars and a lot of transgenic rice plants had been obtained.     

农杆菌介导植酸酶基因转化大豆的研究

以大豆胚尖为受体,利用农杆菌介导法将来源于泡盛曲霉的植酸酶基因phy转入黑农37和吉林小粒豆中。此法取材方便,操作简单,产生嵌合体的可能性低。在筛选培养基中经草胺膦(1.0 mg.L-1)筛选,获得抗性植株。对获得的草胺磷抗性植株采用除草剂(10%Basta)筛查表型鉴定与目的基因、筛选标记基因PCR分子检测相结合的方法,检测结果直观、可信度高。最终获得5株阳性植株,转化率为0.5%。     

一种简便大豆原位转基因方法研究

以萌发大豆幼苗顶芽为外植体,经纵切及农杆菌侵染后种植到大田中,转化植株用除草剂进行表型鉴定,存活植株进行PCR验证,并分析目的基因EPSPS在T2代转基因植株中的遗传情况;总计获得草铵膦涂抹表型鉴定阳性T0植株75株,草甘膦喷雾鉴定阳性T1植株65个,PCR测序阳性T1植株6个,PCR测序检测转化效率为0.14%;获得T2代PCR阳性植株52个,初步证明目的基因EPSPS能在子代中遗传;该方法能有效解决基因型依赖及再生植株困难等问题,缩短转化周期,为根癌农杆菌阶段的大豆遗传转化体系的优化与改良提供了参考。     

农杆菌介导将雪莲凝集素(GNA)基因转入籼稻单倍体微芽的初步研究

 以含有双元载体(携带GNA基因,nptⅡ基因)的根癌农杆菌菌系LBA4404转化籼稻单倍体无性系微芽Hu18,经共培养后在含G418的保存培养基中连续筛选G418抗性芽,抗性芽经生根培养基中壮苗获得单倍体转化植株。PCR分析证明GNA基因已进入到Hu18细胞中,抗虫鉴定表明转基因植株具有白背飞虱抗性。并探明了G418对单倍体微芽的致死浓度和时间,共培养时间对G418抗性芽产生的影响。      

Effect of Phytosulfokine-a on Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation in Rice

Phytosulfokine- α （PSK- α ）, a biologically active peptide acting as a growth factor, plays a key role in cellular differentiation and proliferation. To test if PSK- α has some influence on agrobacterium-mediated transformation in rice, PSK-α at a series of concentrations was added into co-culture medium respectively. The results showed that PSK- α indeed affected the recovery of resistant calli and the transformation frequency of rice varieties Taipei 309 and Lijiangxintuanheigu, PSK- α at the concentration of 10 nmol/L could increase induction of resistant callus and efficiency of transformation, with a 11% and 4.9% top increase, respectively than the control. However, PSK- αat 200 nmol/L could inhibit the induction of the resistant calli. Further more, the effect of PSK-α on agrobacterium-mediated transformation is related with the concentration of 2, 4-D in selection medium. Higher induction rate of resistant calli was obtained from tissues treated with PSK- α plus 2 mg/L 2, 4-D.     

影响农杆菌介导大豆子叶节遗传转化因素的研究

利用GUS基因的稳定性和特异性及在植物体中瞬时表达的特点,对农杆菌介导大豆子叶节遗传转化过程中的一些影响因素(激素浓度、筛选剂浓度、基因型和农杆菌菌株)进行研究.结果表明:芽诱导阶段6-BA浓度为1.6mg· L-1时诱导效率较高;适宜的草铵膦筛选浓度为3 mg· L-1;同时对24个大豆基因型的再生能力和对农杆菌菌株...     

根癌农杆菌介导的柑桔遗传转化技术

以新会橙、锦橙(Citrus Sinensis Osb．)胚状体以及北碚447锦橙、纽荷尔脐橙(C．SinensisOsb．)田问成年树腋芽为转化起始材料，经含外源抗菌肽基因(Shiva A和Cecropin B)的根癌农杆菌感染后，比较了胚状体在不同培养基中丛芽的诱导频率和卡那霉素(Km)质量浓度对胚状体丛芽生长以及最终转化频率的影响，也对成年树腋芽在不同BA、IAA质量浓度处理、不同创伤部位和是否用石蜡带(Parafilm)包裹创伤口的诱芽和转化率进行了研究。PCR检测和Southern blot分析证明外源抗菌肽基因(Shiva A和Cecropin B)已导入上述4个柑桔品种；离体抑菌试验证明转基因植株叶片提取液对溃疡病菌有一定的抑制作用。建立了一个简便、快捷、通用的柑桔遗传转化体系。