阿特拉津与氯氰菊酯联合染毒对鲫外周血红细胞微核和核异常的影响

将鲫分别暴露于不同浓度阿特拉津与氯氰菊酯混合溶液中,研究阿特拉津与氯氰菊酯联合染毒对鲫红细胞微核和核异常的影响,探讨其对鲫遗传毒性影响的变化规律和趋势。结果显示:阿特拉津与氯氰菊酯联合染毒对鲫红细胞微核率和核异常率的影响在一定条件下具有浓度-时间-效应关系。较低浓度阿特拉津(5.3 mg/l)与氯氰菊酯联合在染毒后期(第11 d)微核率增加显著,较高浓度阿特拉津(7.11、0.6 mg/l)与氯氰菊酯联合在染毒第8 d微核率增加显著。较高浓度阿特拉津(7.1、10.6 mg/l)-氯氰菊酯联合在短时间(第3 d)核异常率显著,较低浓度阿特拉津(5.3 mg/l)与氯氰菊酯联合在染毒后期(第11 d)核异常率增加极显著。由此得出,阿特拉津与氯氰菊酯联合对鲫具有潜在的遗传毒性效应,且随阿特拉津与氯氰菊酯联合浓度的增加和染毒时间的延长而增强。     

阿特拉津对雄性大鼠生殖机能的影响

研究阿特拉津对雄性大鼠血清睾酮及精子畸形率的影响,为探讨其他环境激素(如二噁英、二氯二苯氯乙烷等)对动物的作用机理奠定基础。选取WISTER雄性大鼠75只,随机分成5组(3个处理组、空白对照组和阳性对照组),处理组和空白对照组分别按225.5、111.5、55.625、0mg/kg腹腔注射阿特拉津,阳性对照组按0.5mg/kg腹腔注射苯甲酸雌二醇,并于注射后30、60d和90d采样测定大鼠血清睾酮的含量和精子畸形率。结果表明:阿特拉津对大鼠血清睾酮水平和精子畸形率均有影响,使血清睾酮水平下降,精子畸形率增加,从而影响雄性大鼠的生殖机能,且随着作用时间的延长,这种效应表现得越明显。     

硫酸粘杆菌素的急性毒性及对小鼠骨髓细胞的微核效应

为评价国产硫酸粘杆菌素的安全性 ,进行了改良寇氏法测定LD50 小鼠骨髓细胞的微核试验。结果显示 ,国产硫酸粘杆菌素的LD50 为 71 1 45mg/kg ,属于低毒类化合物 ;小鼠骨髓微核试验结果为阴性 ,表明其不具致突变作用     

环境激素阿特拉津对家蚕血细胞的影响

为了探讨环境激素阿特拉津(Atrazine,AT)对家蚕生理的影响,用添加AT的人工饲料饲养家蚕,调查了5龄幼虫血细胞数和血细胞形态的变化,同时调查了血液细胞DNA的损伤情况。结果表明:AT连续添食后,家蚕5龄第4日-6日家蚕血球细胞特征性释放高峰时,0.05mmol/kg低浓度AT区的血球细胞数显著增加(p<0.01),0.10mmol/kg浓度AT区血球细胞数则显著减少(p<0.05),而0.20mmol/kg浓度AT区则没有明显影响;实验浓度的AT添食,家蚕5龄幼虫血球细胞的形态没有发现畸形变化,也未见血球细胞DNA的遗传损伤。结论:家蚕食下能够完成幼虫生长发育的环境激素AT(0.20mmol/kg以下浓度)后,血球细胞形态和细胞核DNA没有受到明显不良影响,但AT会影响家蚕血球细胞数目的变化,可能是家蚕积极应对体外化学物质影响的生理反应。     

隆朋对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率的影响

隆朋(Rompun)即二甲苯胺噻嗪,它作为镇静、镇痛和肌松剂广泛用于兽医临床,特别对反刍动物有较好的镇麻效果,且具有用量小、作用迅速等特点。农牧大学闫章年等以隆朋为主要成分研制的鹿化学保定剂眼乃宁应用于鹿业生产受到广泛好评。隆朋属高毒物质,但对动物细胞有无遗传损伤尚未见报道。本试验通过小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细咆(PCE)微核率的变化,对隆朋的遗传毒理学效应进行初步评价。 1 材料和方法     

环境激素除草剂阿特拉津对家蚕生长发育的影响

阿特拉津(AT)是一种具有环境激素(EH)影响的除草剂。为探讨EH对鳞翅目昆虫生态和养蚕生产的影响,用添加AT的人工饲料饲养家蚕,调查了对家蚕生长发育的影响。结果显示:AT对家蚕的生长发育速度、眠蚕体重有严重的影响。高浓度的AT对家蚕正常的吐丝结茧生理功能和行为有危害作用,AT对家蚕孵化后72、96、120h的LC50分别为0.348、0.326、0.234mmol/kg。AT在蚕体内有一定积累作用。     

丙烯酰胺导致大鼠骨髓微核率升高

高温烹饪淀粉类食物时可产生丙烯酰胺,本试验研究丙烯酰胺对大鼠骨髓含微核嗜多染红细胞(MNPCEs)的影响。将丙烯酰胺溶于蒸馏水中,以不同浓度(0、125、150、175mg/kg)灌胃8周龄雄性SD大鼠,48h后采集骨髓样本,检验MNPCEs。用嗜多染红细胞与正染红细胞的比值(PCE/NCE)指示丙烯酰胺的细胞毒性作用。结果表明,3个剂量的丙烯酰胺提高MNPCEs,最高剂量组为对照组的3.75倍,与对照组相比丙烯酰胺可降低PCE/NCE比,证明丙烯酰胺对骨髓具有细胞毒性。研究表明,丙烯酰胺可增加大鼠骨髓PCEs的生成,而出现这种结果可能由于高剂量组采用腹腔注射代替灌胃所致。     

铅致雏鸡急性毒性试验的研究

为了研究铅对雏鸡的毒性作用,试验采用硝酸铅对健康雏鸡进行了急性毒性试验,结果表明:硝酸铅致雏鸡的半数致死量(LD50)为2 817.09mg/kg,95%置信区间为2 750.40 mg/kg≤LD50≤2 885.40mg/kg;中毒的雏鸡主要表现为精神萎靡、食欲减退、角弓反张、抽搐而死;剖检可见胃黏膜出血、溃疡,肠...     

铅长期暴露对黄河鲤红细胞微核率、核异常率的影响

利用微核观察方法,研究了铅(PbCl2)暴露30 d对黄河鲤红细胞微核率、核异常率的影响。结果表明,染毒Pb2+可引起黄河鲤微核率和核异常率指标发生显著变化,随着染毒Pb2+浓度的增加,黄河鲤红细胞微核和核异常率呈现先下降后上升的规律性变化。同一染毒浓度时染毒时间对于微核和核异常率的影响具有累积效应。     

臭氧对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率影响的研究

将120只昆明小鼠随机分成4组,每组30只,即对照组,臭氧发生器开启30min组、60min组、120min组。观察臭氧对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率的影响,以期探讨臭氧对小鼠的遗传毒性。利用臭氧发生器产生臭氧,每天分别处理30min、60min和120min,分别在处理后30d和60d处死10只小鼠,检测骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率。结果发现,处理30d和60d后不同臭氧处理组骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率与对照组比较差异不显著(P>0.05),提示臭氧对小鼠体细胞没有致突变性。     

Production of somatic chimera chicks by injection of bone marrow cells into recipient blastoderms

Several types of cells, including blastoderm cells, primordial germ cells, and embryonic germ cells were injected into early-stage recipient embryos to produce chimera avians and to gain insights into cell development. However, a limited number of studies of avian adult stem cells have also been conducted. This study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to evaluate chicken bone marrow cells' (chBMC) ability to differentiate into multiple cell lineages and capability to generate chimera chicks. We induced random differentiation of chBMCs in vitro and injected immunologically selected pluripotent cells in chBMCs into the blastoderms of recipient eggs. The multipotency of BMCs from the barred Plymouth rock (BPR) was confirmed via AP staining, RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and FACS using specific markers, such as Oct-4 and SSEA-1, 3 and 4. Isolated chBMCs were found to be able to induce in vitro differentiation to multiple cell lineages. Approximately 5,000 chBMCs were injected into the blastoderms of white leghorn (WL) recipients and proved able to contribute to the generation of somatic chimera chicks with a frequency of 2.7% (2 of 73). Confirmation of chimerism in hatched chicks was achieved via PCR analysis using D-loop-specific primers of BPR and WL. Our study demonstrated the successful production of chimera chicks using chBMC. Therefore, we propose that the use of adult chBMCs may constitute a new possible approach to the production of chimera poultry, and may provide helpful studies in avian developmental biology.     

氟罗沙星的急性毒性和对鸡实验性大肠杆菌病的药效观察

氟喹诺酮类药物自 80年代后期发现以来发展极为迅速 ,目前已成为兽医临床上一类重要的抗菌药物 ,常用的主要有诺氟沙星、环丙沙星以及氧氟沙星等[1] 。它们对大多数病原微生物均具有很好的抗菌活性 ,但存在作用时间不够持久、一日需多次给药、生物利用度较差等。氟罗沙星 ( Fle     

Suppressor activity of bone marrow cells and localization of fluorescent-labeled bone marrow cells within ovine endometrial tissue

Numbers of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled bone marrow (BM) cells of donor lambs were quantified within endometrial cell suspensions following their administration to ovariectomized (OVX; control-and estradiol-17beta-treated) and intact (estrus, d-14 cyclic and pregnant) ewes. The numbers of fluorescent BM cells were greater (P < .05) for the estrous and d-14 cyclic ewes than for both groups of OVX ewes. Fractionation of the endometrial cells with Percoll revealed that the majority of fluorescent cells were low-density (1.002 to 1.056 g/mL) cells. In coculture experiments, low-density cells from lamb BM not only suppressed the incorporation of thymidine into phytohemagglutinin-treated peripheral blood lymphocytes, but the cells also released suppressor factor into the culture medium. Suppressor activity tended to be reversed (P < .1) by a pan-specific neutralization antibody to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta); however, the activity was unaffected by a neutralization antibody to TGF-beta2. These findings suggest that ovine endometrial suppressor cells may represent a population of low-density BM-derived natural suppressor cells, and their trafficking and localization patterns may depend on an ovarian factor(s). Further, suppressor activity does not seem to be mediated by TGF-beta2.     

The morphological effects of vincristine sulfate on canine bone marrow cells

This study documents the morphologic changes observed in the bone marrow aspirate biopsies from dogs 6 and 24 hours after receiving a single therapeutic dose (0.025 mg/kg) of vincristine sulfate (Oncovin: Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, Ind.) intravenously. The most striking cytologic changes were observed in the erythroid cell line. Abnormalities included increased numbers of mitotic figures, abnormal nuclear configurations, and fragmented nuclei. Erythroid cells in metaphase were prominent in marrow samples collected 6 hours post-vincristine, accounting for a mean of 27% of all erythroid precursors. Fragmented nuclei and atypical nuclear configurations were seen in low numbers (mean = 7%) of erythroid cells from these animals. In contrast, marrow collected from dogs 24 hours post-vincristine exhibited low numbers (mean = 1%) of erythroid cells in metaphase, but erythroid cells with atypical nuclear configurations and fragmented nuctei accounted for a mean of 41% of the erythroid cells present. Less dramatic increases in the number of mitotic non-erythroid cells were seen 6 hours post-vincristine (mean = 5% of non-erythroid cells) and 24 hours post-vincristine (mean = 1% of non-erythroid cells). Only rare nuclear fragmentation was observed in these cell lines. Significant alterations in megakaryocytes and myeloid to erythroid (M:E) ratios were not observed in samples taken 6 hours post-vincristine; however, M:E ratios were considerably higher in three of the four samples taken from dogs 24 hours post-vincristine. Similar time-related changes were observed in four clinical cases in which bone marrow aspirates were performed after vincristine administration.     

Vitamin A toxicity: comparative changes in bone of the broiler and leghorn chicks

Severe skeletal lesions were produced in both broilers and leghorns orally administered toxic levels of vitamin A (330 or 660 IU vit. A/g body weight X day) for 21 consecutive days. Hypervitaminosis A in broilers produced an osteodystrophy characterized by abnormal thickening of the proliferative-maturation zone, metaphyseal sclerosis, hyperosteoidosis, decreased number of osteoclasts, and parathyroid gland hyperplasia. In leghorns, the osteodystrophic lesions were characterized by a thin proliferative-maturation zone, a relatively thickened hypertrophy zone, flattened spindle-shaped osteoblasts, and osteoporosis. In both broilers and leghorns given excessive vitamin A, the osteogenic layer of periosteum in all bones was thin.     

Use of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells and cultured bone marrow stromal cells in dogs with orthopaedic lesions

The aim of the study is to evaluate the clinical application in veterinary orthopedics of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) and cultured bone marrow stromal cells (cBMSCs) for the treatment of some orthopaedic lesions in the dog. The authors carried out a clinical study on 14 dogs of different breed, age and size with the following lesions: 1 bone cyst of the glenoid rime; 2 nonunion of the tibia; 3 nonunion of the femur; 2 lengthening of the radius; 1 large bone defect of the distal radius;1 nonunion with carpus valgus; 4 Legg-Calvé-Perthés disease. In 9 cases the BMMCNs were used in combination with a three dimensional resorbable osteogenic scaffold the chemical composition and size of which facilitates the ingrowth of bone. In these cases the BMMNCs were suspended in an adequate amount of fibrin glue and then distribuited uniformly on a Tricalcium-Phosphate (TCP) scaffold onto which were also added some drops of thrombin. In 1 case of nonunion of the tibia and in 3 cases of Legg-Calvè-Perthés (LCP) disease the cultured BMSCs were used instead because of the small size of the dogs and of the little amount of aspirated bone marrow. X-ray examinations were performed immediately after the surgery. Clinical, ultrasounds and X-ray examinations were performed after 20 days and then every month. Until now the treated dogs have shown very good clinical and X-ray results. One of the objectives of the study was to use the BMMNCs in clinical application in orthopaedic lesions in the dog. The advantages of using the cells immediately after the bone marrow is collected, are that the surgery can be performed the same day, the cells do not need to be expanded in vitro, they preserve their osteogenic potential to form bone and promote the proper integration of the implant with the bone and lastly, the technique is easier and the costs are lower.     

Use of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells and cultured bone marrow stromal cells in dogs with orthopaedic lesions

The aim of the study is to evaluate the clinical application in veterinary orthopedics of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) and cultured bone marrow stromal cells (cBMSCs) for the treatment of some orthopaedic lesions in the dog. The authors carried out a clinical study on 14 dogs of different breed, age and size with the following lesions: 1 bone cyst of the glenoid rime; 2 nonunion of the tibia; 3 nonunion of the femur; 2 lengthening of the radius; 1 large bone defect of the distal radius;1 nonunion with carpus valgus; 4 Legg-Calvé-Perthés disease. In 9 cases the BMMCNs were used in combination with a three dimensional resorbable osteogenic scaffold the chemical composition and size of which facilitates the ingrowth of bone. In these cases the BMMNCs were suspended in an adequate amount of fibrin glue and then distribuited uniformly on a Tricalcium-Phosphate (TCP) scaffold onto which were also added some drops of thrombin. In 1 case of nonunion of the tibia and in 3 cases of Legg-Calvè-Perthés (LCP) disease the cultured BMSCs were used instead because of the small size of the dogs and of the little amount of aspirated bone marrow. X-ray examinations were performed immediately after the surgery. Clinical, ultrasounds and X-ray examinations were performed after 20 days and then every month. Until now the treated dogs have shown very good clinical and X-ray results. One of the objectives of the study was to use the BMMNCs in clinical application in orthopaedic lesions in the dog. The advantages of using the cells immediately after the bone marrow is collected, are that the surgery can be performed the same day, the cells do not need to be expanded in vitro, they preserve their osteogenic potential to form bone and promote the proper integration of the implant with the bone and lastly, the technique is easier and the costs are lower.     

硝基苯致小鼠骨髓细胞的突变作用

为探讨硝基苯对哺乳动物的致突变性，将12周龄雄性昆明小鼠随机分为染毒组（26、52、104mg／kg）、空白对照组（生理盐水）、溶剂对照组（花生油）和阳性对照组（环磷酰胺），连续灌胃染毒7d，检测骨髓细胞微核率、骨髓细胞染色体畸变率以及外周血网织红细胞数。结果显示，随着染毒剂量的增加，骨髓细胞微核率、染色体畸变率均有增加，外周血网织红细胞数减少，各组与对照组差异均极显著（P〈0．01），并呈剂量-效应关系。表明，硝基苯可导致小鼠骨髓细胞发生突变。