首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 111 毫秒
1.
该文采用中国农业大学农业部设施农业生物环境工程重点开放实验室研制的设有组培微环境实时监控系统的大型组培箱,分别对矮牵牛、菊花和番茄组培苗移栽后箱体内CO2浓度的变化规律及不同CO2增施浓度对无糖组培苗生长的影响进行了研究.试验表明:移栽后的当天,组培箱内的CO2浓度便开始下降,第2 d下降速度明显加快,均降至100 μL/L以下.在移栽后的第4~5 d,箱体内CO2浓度下降到35 μL/L左右后便不再下降,一直在30~40 μL/L之间波动.因此得出:无糖培养在组培苗移栽后的第2 d就应增施CO2,否则会直接影响组培苗的生长.在不同CO2增施浓度试验中,当光照度控制在80 μmol/(m2·s)时,CO2浓度为(650±50)μL/L时培养出的组培苗生长状况最好.  相似文献   

2.
组培环境CO2增施监控系统的设计与试验   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
为改善组培苗的生长发育环境,探索CO2富集等环境因素的影响,设计制作了CO2适时增施监控系统,并以葡萄组培苗为对象,利用本控制系统与传统组培方式进行了对比试验。结果表明:系统工作稳定、正常,能够有效地将CO2浓度控制在设定的(800~1200)μL/L范围内,满足组培苗光合作用的需要;在CO2富集环境中,组培苗生长健壮、发育良好,光合自养能力显著增强  相似文献   

3.
以CO2浓度升高为主要特征的气候变化对作物生长发育及产量形成的影响日益受到重视。冬小麦是我国主要粮食作物之一, 主要分布在干旱及半干旱地区, 且生长期内多干旱少雨。研究不同水分条件下冬小麦的生长变化及水分利用对CO2浓度升高的响应具有重要的科学和实践意义。本研究在封顶式生长室中对2个土壤水分水平[适宜水分: 70%~80%田间持水量; 干旱胁迫: 50%~60%田间持水量]的盆栽冬小麦进行了CO2熏蒸试验[背景大气浓度: (396.1±29.2) μmol·mol-1; 升高的浓度: (760.1±36.1)μmol·mol-1]。对小麦植株生理指标、生物量、产量、耗水量和水分利用效率(WUE)等的研究结果表明, 与背景大气CO2浓度相比, CO2浓度升高可促进冬小麦生长, 其地上生物量显著增加, 适宜水分和干旱胁迫条件下分别增加了28.6%和18.6%; 籽粒产量显著增加, 适宜水分和干旱胁迫条件下分别增加了32.6%和22.6%; CO2浓度升高主要通过增加穗粒数提高籽粒产量, 穗粒数在适宜水分条件下提高24.3%, 干旱胁迫条件下提高15.5%, 对千粒重没有显著影响。CO2浓度升高使群体和产量WUE显著提高, 在适宜水分条件下提高幅度较大, 分别提高17.7%和24.8%。CO2浓度升高显著提高了叶片光合速率(Pn)、降低了气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr); 在适宜水分和干旱胁迫下Pn分别提高15.6%与12.9%, Gs分别降低22.7%与18.2%, Tr分别降低8.9%与7.5%。CO2浓度升高提高了叶片水势及叶绿素含量; 在适宜水分条件下叶片水势提高幅度较大, 为7.7%; 叶片叶绿素含量在2种水分条件分别提高7.5%与3.8%。由以上试验结果可得出: CO2浓度升高对冬小麦的生长、产量及水分利用效率均具有促进作用, 而且在土壤水分状况较好时, 这种作用效果更明显; CO2浓度升高主要通过增加穗粒数来促进产量提高。  相似文献   

4.
不同水分条件下CO2浓度升高对冬小麦碳氮转运的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
CO2浓度升高对作物的影响日益受到重视,水分是作物生长的必要条件之一。冬小麦是我国的主要粮食作物之一,阐明高CO2浓度和水分条件互作对冬小麦碳氮转运的影响,对客观认识气候变化背景下作物的水分管理及肥料施用具有实际指导意义。本研究利用开放式CO2富集系统(FACE)平台,以冬麦品种‘中麦175’为试验材料,采用盆栽试验方法,研究了不同CO2浓度[正常浓度(391±40)μmol·mol?1和高浓度(550±60)μmol·mol?1]及水分条件(湿润条件和干旱条件,即75%和55%田间土壤最大持水量)的冬小麦花前碳氮积累及花后碳氮转运的规律特征。结果表明:湿润条件下,与正常CO2浓度相比,高CO2浓度促进冬小麦地上部干物质及碳氮积累,开花期增幅分别为18.1%、16.5%、14.9%,成熟期增幅分别为6.6%、1.3%、4.5%,并提高碳氮转运能力及对籽粒贡献率,转运量、转运率及对籽粒贡献率的增幅碳素依次为39.3%、20.0%、30.0%,氮素依次为19.1%、3.8%、10.8%。干旱条件下,与正常CO2浓度相比,高CO2浓度对地上部碳氮积累有一定的促进作用,开花期和成熟期碳积累量分别增加3.0%和10.7%,氮积累量分别增加0和15.8%;但高CO2浓度阻碍了碳氮的转运,转运量、转运率降幅碳素分别为10.2%、12.8%,氮素分别为7.2%、7.1%;碳氮对籽粒贡献率则变化不同,碳降低14.4%,而氮升高31.3%。干旱及高CO2浓度互作与湿润条件正常CO2浓度处理相比,冬小麦碳素转运对籽粒贡献率降低更明显,地上部碳素转运量、转运率及对籽粒贡献率降幅分别为36.2%、16.9%、22.3%,但提高了氮素转运对籽粒贡献率,氮素转运量及转运率分别降低35.7%、15.2%,对籽粒贡献率增加7.0%。综合而言,高CO2浓度可促进冬小麦碳氮积累及其在花后向籽粒的转运,水分不足可能成为主要的物质转运障碍因子,限制CO2促进作用发挥。  相似文献   

5.
模拟CCS技术CO2泄露对C4作物种子萌发的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
模拟CCS技术CO2泄露对C4作物种子萌发的影响,以期为CCS技术CO2泄露后可能产生的环境影响提供基础性资料。利用CO2人工气候箱,模拟CCS技术CO2泄露产生的高浓度CO2环境,研究在CO2分别为正常大气CO2浓度(对照组),10000,20000,40000,80000 mg/kg时,对玉米、高粱、谷子、糜子4种C4作物发芽率、发芽势以及平均发芽天数的影响。高浓度CO2对玉米发芽率无明显影响,而高粱、谷子和糜子分别在10000,20000, 20000 mg/kg时发芽率达到最高值;高浓度CO2对玉米发芽势亦无明显影响,而高粱、谷子和糜子均在20000 mg/kg时发芽势达到最高值;高浓度CO2对4种C4作物发芽天数均产生较小影响,其中,对糜子影响较为显著。在不同CO2浓度范围内对C4作物种子发芽率分别有促进和抑制作用,促进和抑制作用不是很显著,其中,促进范围1%~5%,抑制范围1%~4%;高浓度CO2对C4作物种子发芽势有比较显著的促进作用,较对照组,发芽势的促进范围为9%~16%;高浓度CO2对4种C4作物发芽天数均产生较小影响。  相似文献   

6.
于显枫  张绪成  王红丽 《核农学报》2012,26(7):1058-1063
高大气CO2浓度下植物叶片干物质积累、碳氮关系和糖含量的变化对光合作用的适应性下调有重要的反馈作用,通过研究不同施氮量对高大气CO2浓度下植物叶片干物质积累、叶氮浓度和糖含量的影响,可进一步明确氮素对植物光合作用适应性下调的调控机制。以不同大气CO2浓度和氮素水平为处理条件,测定盆栽小麦拔节期叶片鲜重、干重、含水量、还原糖、可溶性糖、全氮含量,研究了氮素对长期高大气CO2浓度(760μmol·mol-1)下小麦叶片的干物质积累、糖含量及碳氮含量的影响。结果表明,大气CO2浓度升高使小麦叶片的鲜重和干重增加,含水量下降。大气CO2浓度升高使N0处理的小麦叶片还原糖含量下降,而可溶性糖含量显著升高;施氮后小麦叶片还原糖含量无显著变化,但可溶性糖含量降低。高大气CO2浓度条件下小麦叶片全氮含量下降,C/N比增加,而增施氮素后C/N比显著下降。可溶性糖含量和C/N比的下降有利于减轻同化物质对光合作用的反馈抑制,提高大气CO2浓度增高条件下小麦叶片的Pn。  相似文献   

7.
<正>由温室气体排放导致的气候变化是当前全球关注的热点问题之一[1]。化石燃料燃烧、水泥生产、土地利用变化等人类活动向大气中排放大量CO2,进而引起全球变暖和地球系统碳循环过程的显著变化。研究表明,大气CO2浓度已由1870年的280μmol mol-1增加至2005年的379μmol mol-1,目前仍以1.9μmol mol-1a-1的速率急剧攀升;同期地表温度平均增加了0.74℃(变幅0.56~0.92℃)[2]。根据《中国应对气候变化国家方案》  相似文献   

8.
以高大气CO2浓度和遮阴为处理手段,研究高大气CO2浓度和遮阴对小麦叶片光合生理的影响。结果表明,与全光照相比,遮阴使小麦叶片的气孔长度增加了22.93%和10.23%,而气孔宽度减小了30.00%和30.22%,气孔面积降低了17.99%和18.11%,周长增加了16.80%和6.85%,气孔密度降低了6.61%和23.78%,气孔指数降低了5.99%和14.23%。与正常大气CO2浓度相比,高大气CO2浓度使小麦叶片的气孔面积增加了1.91%和1.95%,使全光照处理的小麦叶片的气孔密度降低了14.33%;使遮阴处理的小麦叶片的气孔密度增加了5.00%。与全光照相比,遮阴使小麦叶片的气孔导度和蒸腾速率降低了56.11%、53.21%和40.57%、49.27%,而光合速率没有得到提高,这可能是小麦叶片对高大气CO2浓度发生了“光适应”。与正常大气CO2浓度相比,高大气CO2浓度降低了小麦叶片的气孔导度。小麦叶片的气孔长度和宽度与光合速率有显著相关性。  相似文献   

9.
矮香糯水稻(Oryza sativa L, )插身后生长在大气(350ppm CO2)和CO2倍增(700 ppm CO2)的开顶式培养室中,结果显示,在CO2倍增的条件下,矮香糯生长旺盛,根系发达,根系干重增加23%,株高增加12%,每穗结实率增加29%,每株籽粒干重增加41%。本文对目前有关这方面的研究现状进行了讨论。  相似文献   

10.
温室CO2气体浓度环境自动调控系统的研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
为了改善现代温室内气体环境的质量,提高温室的生产产量和产品品质,介绍一种新型温室CO2浓度自动调控系统,并运用射流理论,分析研究了系统的设计原理和方法,对系统的工作性能也作了相应的对比实验研究,结果表明该系统具有结构简单、自动控制性能好、造价低、运行经济可靠、补充CO2速度快、CO2浓度和气体流速分布均匀、增产效果和经济效益明显等特点。  相似文献   

11.
On examining the changes in lamellae and stroma nitrogen during leaf development, it is demonstrated that the lamellae and stroma fractions ofrice chloroplasts develop in quite different ways. In the case of stroma, the stroma materials existing in the leaf section which has just emerged from a leaf sheath are quite limited and the major part of this fraction is derived from the successive protein synthesis, i.e., the synthesis of this fraction was markedly increased during leaf expansion. This developmental pattern of the stroma coincided with the changes in the high-molecular-weight water soluble leaf protein, which seemed to be mainly composed of Fraction I protein. A rapid increase in stroma nitrogen was found to be a major cause for an increase in the leaf nitrogen content during leaf development.

On the other hand, the developmental pattern of the lamellae fraction was characterized by the fact that a considerable amount of this fraction had already been prepared when a leaf emerged from a leaf sheath and thereafter, no outstanding increase was seen compared to that of the stroma. This developmental pattern of the lamellae fraction resulted in a lowering of the proportion of lamellae nitrogen to the total leaf nitrogen during leaf development.

A great change in the lamellae-stroma composition of chloroplasts was observed. The proportion of stroma nitrogen to the total chloroplast nitrogen tended to increase as a leaf develops. Since the developmental stage varied according to the regions of a leaf, variation of the lamellaestroma composition was seen even within a leaf, i.e., the proportion of stroma nitrogen increased from base to tip.

In order to compare the synthetic rate of chlorophyll with those of the stroma and lamellae fractions, the changes in the ratios of stroma nitrogen/chlorophyll and lamellae nitrogen/chlorophyll were examined. The lamellae nitrogen/chlorophyll ratio decreased as a leaf developed, whereas the stroma nitrogen/chlorophyll ratio increased. Then the synthetic rates of these fractions during leaf development turned out to be of the same order as the stroma fraction, chlorophyll, lamellae fraction.  相似文献   

12.
  总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
To better understand the biotic and abiotic factors that control soil CO2 efflux, we compared seasonal and diurnal variations in simultaneously measured forest-floor CO2 effluxes and soil CO2 concentration profiles in a 54-year-old Douglas fir forest on the east coast of Vancouver Island. We used small solid-state infrared CO2 sensors for long-term continuous real-time measurement of CO2 concentrations at different depths, and measured half-hourly soil CO2 effluxes with an automated non-steady-state chamber. We describe a simple steady-state method to measure CO2 diffusivity in undisturbed soil cores. The method accounts for the CO2 production in the soil and uses an analytical solution to the diffusion equation. The diffusivity was related to air-filled porosity by a power law function, which was independent of soil depth. CO2 concentration at all depths increased with increase in soil temperature, likely due to a rise in CO2 production, and with increase in soil water content due to decreased diffusivity or increased CO2 production or both. It also increased with soil depth reaching almost 10 mmol mol−1 at the 50-cm depth. Annually, soil CO2 efflux was best described by an exponential function of soil temperature at the 5-cm depth, with the reference efflux at 10 °C (F10) of 2.6 μmol m−2 s−1 and the Q10 of 3.7. No evidence of displacement of CO2-rich soil air with rain was observed.Effluxes calculated from soil CO2 concentration gradients near the surface closely agreed with the measured effluxes. Calculations indicated that more than 75% of the soil CO2 efflux originated in the top 20 cm soil. Calculated CO2 production varied with soil temperature, soil water content and season, and when scaled to 10 °C also showed some diurnal variation. Soil CO2 efflux and concentrations as well as soil temperature at the 5-cm depth varied in phase. Changes in CO2 storage in the 0–50 cm soil layer were an order of magnitude smaller than measured effluxes. Soil CO2 efflux was proportional to CO2 concentration at the 50-cm depth with the slope determined by soil water content, which was consistent with a simple steady-state analytical model of diffusive transport of CO2 in the soil. The latter proved successful in calculating effluxes during 2004.  相似文献   

13.
    
Abstract

Seedlings of nine different conifers were exposed to 355 and 730 μmol mol-1 CO2, or low (> 15 nmol mol?1) and elevated 03 concentration (70 nmol mol?1) for 81–116 days. The experiments were conducted in growth chambers placed in a greenhouse. Increased CO2 concentration enhanced the mean relative growth rate (RGR) and total plant dry weight by 4 and 33% in Larix leptolepis, by 4 and 38% in Larix sibirica, by 7 and 47% in Picea glauca and by 3 and 16% in Picea sitchensis, respectively. The growth rates and dry weights of Pimis contorta, Pinus mugo and Pseudotsuga menziesii were not significantly affected. Carbon dioxide enrichment enhanced RGR of two provenances of Picea abies by 4 and 6%, respectively, while a third provenance was unaffected. In Pimis sylvestris, only the RGR of one of three provenances was stimulated by CO2 enrichment (4%).

After two growth seasons CO2 enrichment enhanced RGR and total plant dry weight by 11 and 35% in Picea abies and by 12 and 36% in Pinus sylvestris, respectively. Elevated CO2 decreased the shoot:root ratio in Larix leptolepis, and decreased the needlerstem ratio in Picea glauca, but increased it in Pseudotsuga menziesii.

Elevated O3 significantly decreased the plant dry weight in Picea sitchensis, Pseudotsuga menziesii and in one of three provenances of Pinus sylvestris, while the other species and provenances were unaffected. Increased O3 concentration increased the shoot:root dry weight ratio in one of three Picea abies provenances, in all three Pinus sylvestris provenances and in Pinus contorta. The needle:stem ratio was enhanced by O3 in seven of the nine species. The O3 exposure caused chlorosis of needles in all species except Pseudotsuga menziesii.  相似文献   

14.
环境CO2浓度增加对玉米生育生理及产量的影响   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
研究了盆栽玉米在700、600、500和350ppm的CO2浓度处理下,生育、生理及产量形成的动态变化和反应。结果表明,CO2浓度增加促进了玉米的生长和发育,物候期提前,光合速率增大,蒸腾系数减少,加快了根、茎、叶等干物质积累,提高了生物产量和经济产量。实验还表明:从苗期、抽雄、吐丝、乳熟到收获的各生育阶段,CO2浓度对玉米的影响有所不同,以抽雄阶段影响最大;对植株的产量性状影响程度也不一致(穗>茎叶>根),收获指数也随CO2浓度增加而有所提高。此外,CO2浓度增加还可增强玉米抗短期高温(>40℃)和低光(常量的1/2)胁迫的能力。  相似文献   

15.
植物组织培养新技术:光独立培养法   总被引:19,自引:3,他引:19       下载免费PDF全文
该文介绍了近年来日本学者开发的光独立营养培养法(无糖培养法),在快繁阶段,导入大型容器,去掉培养基中的糖分,增施CO2,并对组培环境进行调控,为组培苗的产业化生产提供了可能性。但培养容器内环境因子对培养植物的生长及形态的影响,还有很多问题有待进一步研究。光独立营养培养的大型培养容器或小型设施以及机械化、自动化系统也有待进一步的开发。  相似文献   

16.
现有畜菜互补生,系统畜菜配比差异极大,致使CO2浓度过高或过低,影响CO2气体施肥效果。在设有内部CO2通风传输装置且温室CO2均匀分布的条件下,建立了系统CO2质量平衡数学模型,编制并验证了CO2日变化动态模拟的计算机程序。利用该程序,以家畜给温室提供适宜的CO2浓度为依据,以番茄与育肥猪为例,对沈阳地区主要CO2施肥期12月~3月的畜菜配比进行了优化选择,为该生态系统的建设及管理提供了一定的依据。  相似文献   

17.
A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to demonstrate that reduced availability of CO2 in soil may be an important factor limiting nitrification. Soil samples were incubated at 30±2 °C for 20 days using vessels with or without the arrangement for trapping CO2 in sodium hydroxide. This arrangement led to a decrease of ca. 96% in the CO2 concentration of the headspace, with a range of 95.7-97.5 at different sampling intervals. In the absence of trapping arrangement, CO2 concentration of the headspace varied from 580 to 859 ppm, i.e. 62-140% higher than that of the outside atmosphere (358 ppm). The nitrification process was significantly retarded under conditions of reduced CO2 concentration; reduction varied from 8 to 62% at different incubation intervals. The results of the study led to the inference that decreased availability of CO2 in closed vessels (with arrangement for trapping CO2) will have a significant bearing on the process of nitrification and hence on the overall dynamics of N transformations.  相似文献   

18.
在空闲拱棚和黄瓜日光温室内,分别研究了化学反应法(H2SO4+NH4HCO3)、煤球燃烧法和颗粒CO2气肥3种肥源的性能,并与液体CO2进行成本比较,结果表明:化学反应法产气迅速,设备折旧成本较低;煤球燃烧法产气速度中等,原料成本最低;颗粒CO2气肥产气速度较慢且不易调控,原料成本最高。考虑化学反应产物的再利用因素,化学反应法、煤球燃烧法和液体CO2 3种肥源总成本接近,但从生态、节能、成本和效果等方面综合评价,煤球燃烧法原料丰富、成本低廉,较符合我国目前的设施、经济、资源和技术条件。  相似文献   

19.
A new principle for measuring soil CO2 efflux at constant ambient concentration is introduced. The measuring principle relies on the continuous absorption of CO2 within the system to achieve a constant CO2 concentration inside the soil chamber at ambient level, thus balancing the amount of CO2 entering the soil chamber by diffusion from the soil. We report results that show reliable soil CO2 efflux measurements with the new system. The novel measuring principle does not disturb the natural gradient of CO2 within the soil, while allowing for continuous capture of the CO2 released from the soil. It therefore holds great potential for application in simultaneous measurements of soil CO2 efflux and its δ13C, since both variables show sensitivity to a distortion of the soil CO2 profile commonly found in conventional chamber techniques.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号