梨树苹毛丽金龟和蚜虫的生物药剂防治试验

研究了苦皮藤素、藜芦碱、苏云金杆菌和球孢白僵菌4种生物制剂对梨树苹毛丽金龟和蚜虫的防治效果。结果表明,喷药后48小时,对苹毛丽金龟的防治效果以1%苦皮藤素1000倍液97. 5%的最高,显著高于苏云金杆菌1000倍液的95. 0%、球孢白僵菌1500倍液的92. 5%和0. 5%藜芦碱1000倍液的87. 5%,均为防治苹毛丽金龟的有效药剂。防治梨蚜虫,4种药剂的防效达到98. 2%～99. 8%,4种药剂间无显著差异,均为防治梨蚜虫的有效药物。     

4种杀虫剂防治冬枣尺蠖的田间试验

对4种杀虫剂甲氨基阿维菌素、阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯、虫酰肼进行了防治冬枣尺蠖的田间药效试验。结果表明,0. 5%甲氨基阿维菌素微乳剂750倍液的防效最好,药后3～15天的防效为84. 0%～94. 0%; 1000倍液的防效与药剂1. 8%阿维菌素乳油1500倍液、4. 5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油1500倍液及10%虫酰肼乳油1000倍液均无显著差异。试验各药剂均对冬枣安全无药害。     

吡唑醚菌酯等5种杀菌剂对香蕉叶斑病的防治试验

试验了25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油等5种杀菌剂对香蕉叶斑病的田间防治效果.结果表明,75g/L氟环唑乳油500倍液的防效最好,喷药3次后10天防效达80.61%,其次为25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油1 000倍液和250 g/L苯醚甲环唑乳油2 500倍液,防效均超过75%.供试药剂在试验浓度范围内对香蕉安全,适宜大面积推广应用.     

三种植物性杀虫剂对菜青虫的田间药效评价

田间试验结果表明:0.1%闹羊花素-Ⅲ号乳油和0.3%印楝素乳油1000～2000倍液,药后3～7天对菜青虫的防效为98.13%～100%,药后第10天的防效为82.43%～90.69%,与对照药剂4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油2000倍液相当;2.5%鱼藤酮乳油500～1000倍液对菜青虫亦有较好的防治效果,三种药剂对甘蓝的生长均没有影响.     

防治豇豆蚜虫和美洲斑潜蝇的田间药效试验

选用2.5%吡虫啉乳油、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油、5%啶虫脒乳油、100g.L-1高效灭百可乳油、25%噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂对豇豆蚜虫进行田间防治试验;选用480g.L-1毒死蜱乳油、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油、80%敌敌畏乳油、75%灭蝇胺可湿性粉剂和0.5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油对豇豆美洲斑潜蝇进行田间防治试验。结果表明:药后1～10d,2.5%吡虫啉乳油1500倍液、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油2000倍液、5%啶虫脒乳油1000倍液和100g.L-1高效灭百可乳油2000倍液对豇豆蚜虫防治效果均在95.76%以上,防效优良;25%噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂1000倍液对豇豆蚜虫的防治效果仅为29.79%～66.68%,防效很差。75%灭蝇胺可湿性粉剂3000倍液对美洲斑潜蝇防效最好,药后3、7和10d的防治效果分别为89.63%、94.10%和93.28%;其次是480g.L-1毒死蜱乳油1000倍液,药后3、7和10d的防治效果分别为61.12%、69.15%和69.40%;其他几种药剂的防效均较差。     

25%苯醚甲环唑乳油防治梨果实轮纹病药效试验

对25%苯醚甲环唑乳油进行防治梨果实轮纹病的田间药效试验.结果表明,对防治梨果实轮纹病安全有效.2000倍液的防效可达89.7%,效果显著.与对照药剂10%氟硅唑水乳荆3 000倍液(防效96.1%)相当.生产上可推广应用.安全使用浓度为2 000～3000倍液.     

5种药剂对葡萄园日本双棘长蠹田间控制效果比较试验

采用枝干喷雾法,比较了4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油等5种药剂对葡萄园日本双棘长蠹田间蛀害的控制效果。结果表明,花后1～7天,5种药剂的防效均较好;药后12天,只有4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油1000倍液+80%敌敌畏乳油1000倍液喷雾处理无新蛀孔出现,其次是4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油1000倍液、80%敌敌畏乳油1000倍液、1%印楝素.苦参碱乳油800倍液3个处理的新蛀孔少,受害株率和蛀枝率均较低。     

10%EXP61685B乳油防治梨木虱田间药效试验

采用10%EXP61685B乳油500-2000倍液防治梨木虱，药后7-14天的防效为95.72%-97.90%，显著优于对照药剂10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂2000倍和35%赛丹乳油1000倍液的防效，生产推荐使用浓度为2000倍液。     

48%乐斯本乳油防治杏树介壳虫的试验

用48％乐斯本乳油、40％速扑杀乳油、40％速蚧克乳油和2,5％敌杀死乳油的1000倍和1500倍液．对杏树上的糖槭蜡蚧、吐伦球坚蚧进行防治试验。药后20天调查,防效均达95％以上;各药剂1000倍液的防效均优于1500倍液。为适应无公害果品生产的要求,建议使用48％乐斯本乳油1000倍液。     

海南甜瓜细菌性果斑病田间药效试验

进行了5种药剂防治甜瓜细菌性果斑病田间药效试验。试验结果表明,第二次施药后7 d,5种药剂处理中以20%二氯异氰尿酸钠可湿性粉剂750倍液的防效最好,为65.47%,其次为53.8%可杀得(氢氧化铜)2000干悬浮剂800倍液,防效为56.45%;25%叶枯唑可湿性粉剂750倍液、72%农用链霉素可溶性粉剂3 000倍液和12%松脂酸铜乳油800倍液3个处理的防效分别为51.60%,50.86%和50.20%。上述药剂在生产上可轮换使用,5 d 1次,连续2~3次。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.