浙江丽水地区外生菌根菌资源调查初报

通过野外调查采集、分离培养并经坚定，共获得大型真菌56种，隶属14科，26属，其中外生菌根真菌38种，并且分离获得了14种外生菌根真菌的纯培养这些外生菌根真菌主要隶属牛肝菌科（Boletacear）、红菇科（Russulaeeae）和鹅膏菌科（Amanitaceae），大多发生在海拔500米以上的松林、针阔混交林或常绿阔叶林地，主要与赤松（Pinus,densiflora）、马尾松（Pinus．massoniana）、黄山松（Pirus．taiwanensis）等松属（Pinus）树种以及落叶松（Larix）、云杉（Piceu）、冷杉（Abies）、油杉（Keteleeria．cyclolepis Fous）、栎（Quercus）属等树种共生。     

广西锥属树林下大型真菌物种多样性探究

为探究广西锥属树林下大型真菌物种多样性,采用随机踏采法收集标本,共鉴定出大型真菌2门2纲9目19科33属61种,其中子囊菌门1种,担子菌门1纲8目18科32属60种。广西新记录属3个,新记录种28个;单属科14个,寡属科4个,中等科1个;单种科12个,寡种科4个,中等科3个;林下可食用大型真菌22种,有毒大型真菌19种;濒危等级中易危（VU）1种、无危（LC）30种、数据不足（DD）30种。研究为锥属树林下大型真菌的进一步研究和开发利用提供参考,为确保大型真菌的安全食用提供技术保障,为广西红菇产业的健康发展提供数据支撑。     

海南岛文心兰病叶组织真菌的分离鉴定与优势真菌致病性初探

从位于海南省海口市的文心兰（Oncidium sp.）栽培基地的温室采集‘博大1号’植株发病叶片258份,分离纯化培养真菌,采用分子技术鉴定其种类,并回接验证优势真菌的致病性。共分离到119株真菌,划为39个OTU。其中,子囊菌门（Ascomycota）占90%、毛霉菌门（Mucoromycota）占8%,担子菌门（Basidiomycota）占2%。分离到的真菌中有31种对应60%以上的叶片样品真菌高通量序列。最常见的真菌有巨座壳属Muyocopron alcornii、胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides、间作壳属Diaporthe spp.和弯孢属Curvularia spp.。所分离到的真菌主要为病原真菌和腐生真菌,在24种病原真菌中,有9种为病原—共生型真菌,5种为病原—腐生—共生型;9种为腐生型,1种为腐生—共生型。回接试验表明,分离频度最高的前10种真菌均能快速侵染文心兰幼苗,使其叶片出现坏死与腐烂;致病性较强且快的有Muyocopron alcornii、胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides、Diaporthe miriciae等,接种后1 ~ 2 d即表现出明显的坏死症状。     

湖南莽山鹅膏菌属真菌资源,分类及其生态特征

本文报道了湖南莽山自然保护区鹅膏菌属（A－manita）真菌25种，其中裸柄鹅膏（Amanitagymnopus）、锥鳞鹅膏（A．sychnopyramis）、A．hemibaphaSubspsimilis、小托鹅膏黄色变种（A.farinosavar.flava）4种为国内新纪录种，湖南首次记录9种，有毒鹅膏13种，并讨论了其分类与生态特征。     

贵州省毕节地区大型真菌资源调查及亲缘关系分析

通过随机采样法对贵州毕节部分地区大型真菌进行调查，最终获得30份样品。参照《中国·贵州高等真菌原色图鉴》和《贵州大型真菌》对采集的30份样品进行形态学比较和分类；同时，结合ITS和LSU保守区扩增、比对，最终确定30份样本分属于2门2纲5目13科15属。其中，伞菌目（Agaricales）占比最高，约占总数的53.3%；其次为红菇目（Russulales），占总数的30.0%；而地星目（Geastrales）和蘑菇目（Agaricales）数量最少，均约占总数的3.3%。基于ITS保守区聚类结果表明，不同菌株与其近缘物种表现出优先聚类的特点。其中BJ-17和BJ-28以99%的支持率聚为一支，暗示两者可能为同一个种，而BJ-7与栎裸脚伞（Gymnopus dryophilus MW816514.1）、BJ-25与栎裸脚伞（G. dryophilus var. MW554237.1）的ITS序列相似性低于90%，则推测其可能为裸脚伞属（Gymnopus）不同种。调查发现，红菇属（Russula）和乳菇属（Lactarius）在毕节地区较为常见且经济价值较大，可作为该地区大型食用菌种质资源...     

避雨栽培对‘赤霞珠’葡萄果表微生物多样性的影响

以避雨栽培和露天栽培（对照）酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’为材料，利用高通量测序技术，研究果实转色期和成熟期果表微生物的多样性以及群落结构。两种模式下果表的主要真菌和细菌分别是子囊菌门（Ascomycota，占比>90%以上）和变形菌门（Proteobacteria）。避雨栽培减少了炭疽病菌（Colletotrichum）的定殖，降低了诱导果实腐烂且产生毒素的链格孢属（Alternaria）的丰度；且避雨条件更适合于固氮细菌假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）和泛菌属（Pantoea）的生长。此外，避雨处理中曲霉属（Aspergillus）和单端孢霉属（Trichothecium）的丰度普遍高于露天对照。NMDS分析与Welch’s t检测表明，避雨栽培引起了转色期的真菌和细菌群落结构的显著差异（胁强系数stress <0.1且P <0.05）。避雨栽培一定程度上减少了引起果实腐烂的微生物群的生长，有助于对葡萄健康生长和葡萄酒品质有益的微生物在果实表面定殖。     

李宝聚博士诊病手记（九十）番茄早疫病病原菌鉴定及综合防治技术

番茄早疫病（Alternaria early blight）是由链格孢属（Alternaria）真菌引起的一种常发性世界病害，该病在美国、澳大利亚、以色列、印度、希腊等地发病率高，严重时可使番茄减产35%～78%。     

虎奶菇及其人工栽培技术

虎奶菇[Pleurotus tuber—regium（Fr．）Sing]，中文名菌核侧耳，又名核侧耳、核耳菇、茯苓侧耳、南洋侧耳（日本）等，隶属担子菌纲（Basidiomycetes），伞菌目（Agaricales），侧耳科（Pleurotaceae），侧耳属（Pleurotus），为木腐生真菌。该菌子实体和菌核均可食用或药用，为一种很好的“药食同源”真菌。虎奶菇野生真菌过去仅在我国云南和南省有分布记载，国外日本、东南亚、澳大利亚、非洲亦有分布的记载。笔者在江西崇仁一阔叶林边缘的腐木桩上采到虎奶菇的子实体，这一发现表明，菌核侧耳分布地域可能比以前文献记载的要广的多。     

鳞柄白毒鹅膏纯培养条件的初步研究

外生菌根真菌鳞柄白毒鹅膏（Ａｍａｎｉｔａ ｖｉｒｏｓａ）是真菌门、担子菌亚门、伞菌目、鹅膏菌科、鹅膏菌属的一种剧毒真苗。该属中大部分真菌是有毒的,因误食野生蕈菌致死的事件中有９５％为该属真菌所致。鳞柄白毒鹅膏子实体内含有毒肽（Ｐｈａｌｌｏｉｄｉｎｓ）、毒伞肽（ａｍａｎｉｔｉｎｓ）。毒肽可以专一性地与真核细胞微丝主链蛋白中的丝状肌动蛋白结合形成Ｆａｃｔｉｎ毒肽复合体,使细胞解体：而毒伞肽则可以专一性地抑制真核生物ＲＮＡ聚合酶Ⅱ,从转录水平上抑制蛋白质的合成。由于这些特性使这些毒素广泛地应用于分子生…     

红菇菌种分离实验

红菇菌种分离实验戴维浩（福建省古田县兴华真菌研究所３５２２００）红菇属中国已知４７种，其中食用２５种、药用１６种、有毒６种，药用的１６种中８种有抗癌作用。正红菇是人们熟悉的野生食用菌，由于它味美、色艳、营养价值高，还有追风散寒，舒筋活络等药理作用。所...     

Characteristics of ventricular electrophysiology in a right ventricular rapid pacing-induced canine heart failure model

AIM: To research the characteristics of ventricular electrophysiology in right ventricular rapid pacing-induced congestive heart failure (CHF) dogs.METHODS: Dogs (n=16) were randomly divided into 2 groups: the control (n=7) and the CHF group (n=9) induced by rapid right ventricular pacing at 240 pulse·min-1 for 4 to 5 weeks.The electrophysiologic parameters were evaluated by the technique of standard electric stimulation and monophasic action potential (MAP) recording.RESULTS: (1) Ventricular effective refractory period (VERP),ventricular MAP duration (MAPD90),ventricular late repolarization duration (VLRD) and intra-ventricular conduction time (IVCT) were prolonged by 26% (P<0.01),43% (P<0.01),318% (P<0.05),and 19% (P<0.01),respectively in CHF group.(2)The ratio of VERP to MAPD₉₀ (VERP/MAPD₉₀) was decreased by 13% (P<0.05) in CHF group.(3) The dispersion of ventricular recovery time (VRT-D) was increased by 185% (P<0.01) in CHF group.(4) The ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) was decreased by 48% (P<0.01) in CHF group.CONCLUSION: The abnormal electrophysiological changes in the CHF condition may be contributing factors of lethal ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac deaths in CHF.     

阿月浑子叶片光合作用的光抑制研究

 中午或模拟中午强光照射后, 阿月浑子叶片表观量子效率(AQY) 、最大荧光(Fm) 、初始荧光(Fo) 、可变荧光(Fv) 、光化学效率(Fv/ Fm) 、和光化学猝灭系数(qP) 下降, 而非光化学猝灭系数(qN) 升高; 强光处理后, 叶片的净光合速率(Pn) 和光呼吸速率(Pr) 均下降, 但Pr/ Pn 的比值却升高。     

Protective effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on alveolar type II cells

AIM: To study the protective effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on alveolar type II cells (AT-Ⅱ) damaged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).METHODS: AT-Ⅱ were placed in a 6 well cell culture cluster (0.5×106 cells/cm2) and divided into 3 groups: (1) control group (n=6), the medium consisted of RPMI-1640 without FBS. (2) LPS group (n=6), the medium consisted of RPMI-1640 without FBS supplemented with LPS (1 mg/L). (3) ANP group (n=6), the medium consisted of RPMI-1640 without FBS supplemented with LPS (1 mg/L) and ANP (10-8, 10-7, 10-6 mol/L). After 4, 12 and 24 h, the cell culture mediums of control group, LPS group and ANP (10-7 mol/L) group were collected, and those of the ANP (10-6, 10-8 mol/L) group were collected after 12 h. Alkaline phosphatase(AKP), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), malondialdehyde(MDA), total phospholipids (TPL) and surface tension (ST) in the medium of every group were examined. RESULTS: AT-Ⅱ were characterized by AKP staining. The contents of LDH, AKP and MDA in the medium of every ANP group were lower than those in the corresponding LPS group. The TPL content in the medium of every ANP group was higher than that in the corresponding LPS group, and the change of ST of the medium was opposite to that of TPL. The effect at 12 h was the most significant, for example, at 12 h, the activities of AKP in the mediums were: control (43.5±10.4) U/L, LPS (98.1±16.4) U/L, LPS+ANP (10-6) (46.4±10.5) U/L, LPS+ANP(10-7) (60.7±9.5) U/L, LPS+ANP(10-8) (91.3±13.9) U/L.CONCLUSION: ANP protects the AT-Ⅱ from being damaged by LPS and promotes the secretion of pulmonary surfactants.     

火柿后熟中各理化指标间的关系研究

对火柿（ＤｉｏｓｐｙｒｏｓＫａｋｉｃｖＨｕｏｓｈｉ）采后２０个生理生化指标的变化，用生物数学方法进行综合分析研究得出，柿果实的硬度与可溶性固形物含量（ＴＳＳ）、粗纤维含量、单宁含量、原果胶含量、赤霉素（ＧＡ）、细胞分裂素（ＣＴＫ）指标正向直线相关；与果内乙烯、膜透性、脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）指标负向线性相关；而与多聚半乳精醛酸酶（ＰＧ）、纤维素酶、可溶性果胶、呼吸强度、ｐＨ值、生长素（ＩＡＡ）无线性关系。硬度＝２６．９４＋４９７Ｘ（１０）－０．５９Ｘ（１５）＋３５．９４Ｘ（１７）３９．０６Ｘ（１９）［其中Ｘ（１０）：可溶性果胶，Ｘ（１５）：膜透性（电导率），Ｘ（１７）：ＧＡ，Ｘ（１９）：ＩＡＡ］     

Effects of a pentanucleotide repeat polymorphism of the apolipoprotein (a)gene on serum levels of lipoproteins in healthy Han population

AIM:To understand the relationship between pentanucleotide repeat(PNR) polymorphism of the apolipoprotein(a) gene and lipoprotein natures of normal Han population. METHODS:The serum levels of TG, TC, LDL-C,HDL-C, apo AI, apo B and Lp(a) were measured and the polymorphism of the apo(a) PNR was studied by using PCR-SSCP in 153 random normal individuals in Hubei Han population respectively. RESULTS:The relative frequencies of apo(a) PNR allele were significantly different from western population. The apo(a) gene which copy number of PNR is 5 was associated with high Lp(a) levels. No marked differences in the levels of TG, TC,LDL-C, HDL-C, apo AI and apo B were found among the various genotype groups of apo(a) PNR in Hubei Han. CONCLUSION:The data of lipids and PNR polymorphism of the apo(a) gene from healthy Hubei Han were obtained. The apo(a) allele with 5(TTTTA)-repeats may be related to high serum Lp(a) levels in the Hubei Han population.     

杨属( Populus)黑杨组(Aigeiros)种(品种)间核型比较

 对杨属黑杨组(Aigeiros) 的15个种(品种) 核型进行了分析, 结果如下: 箭杆杨( Populusnigra var. thevestina) , 2n = 38 = 3M + 29m + 5 sm + 1 st; 盖杨( P. del.cv. ×Lux ×P.×canadensis cv. Shanhaiguanensis) , 2n = 38 = 2M + 27m + 4 sm + 5 st (4SAT) ; 欧美杨107 (P1 ×euram ericana cv. ‘74 /76’) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 29m (1SAT ) + 5 sm + 3 st (3SAT) ; 欧美杨13 ( P. ×euramericana CL 13) , 2n = 38 = 3M + 23m + 6 sm + 3 st (1SAT ) + 3 t (3SAT) ; 加杨( P. ×canadensis Moench) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 27m + 6 sm + 4 st ( 4SAT) ; 辽杨×美洲黑杨(P.maximowiczii Henry ×P.deltoids Bartr. ) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 24m + 9 sm (2SAT ) + 4 st; 中尚8号( P. ×Zhongshangnensis) , 2n = 38 = 4M + 27m (1SAT ) + 2 sm + 3 st (2SAT ) + 2 t; 北京杨( P. ×beijingensis) , 2n = 38 = 3M + 28m + 3 sm + 4 st (2SAT) ; 鲁山杨( P. ×Liaoningensis) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 27m + 3 sm + 6 st (1SAT ) + 1 t (1SAT) ; 廊坊1号( P. CL ‘Langfang 1’) , 2n = 38 = 3M + 28m + 3 sm + 4 st (2SAT) ; 圣山杨(盖杨类) (P. ×gaixianesis) , 2n = 38 = 2M + 27m + 4 sm (1SAT ) + 4 st (3SAT ) + 1 t; 抗- 2 〔P. deltoids CL 2 (GMO) 〕, 2n = 38 = 26m + 7 sm (2SAT ) + 4 st (1SAT ) + 1 t (1SAT) ; 群改3号( P. ×Qungainensis 3) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 27m + 8 st (2SAT ) + 2 t (2SAT) ; 中金2号( P. ×Zhongjinnensis 2) , 2n = 38 = 1M + 18m + 13 sm (1SAT ) + 5 st (2SAT) + 1 t (1SAT) ; 辽宁杨( P. ×eur. cv. San Martino ×P. ×canadensis cv. Shanhaiguanensis) , 2n = 38 = 2M + 26m + 6 sm + 4 st。黑杨各种(品种) 核型均为2B型, 种(品种) 间核型差异主要表现在中部着丝点(M、m) 染色体数目(25～32) 和端部着丝点( st、t) 染色体数目变化(1～6) 上, 核型特征为种(品种) 鉴定提供了一定参考。     

大棚栽培条件下葡萄叶片净光合速率与其他生理、生态参数的灰色关联分析

根据田间测定资料,应用灰色系统理论,分析了促成-避雨栽培(Forcing-CultivationtoRain-Shelter-Cultiva-tion,F-C&R-S-C)大棚内外的葡萄品种美人指(Vitisviniferacv.ManicureFinger)和藤稔(Vitisvinifera×V.labruscacv.Fujiminori)净光合速率(Pn)与主要生态因子[大气CO2浓度(Ca)、光合有效辐射(PAR)、水汽压(Vp)、气温(Ta)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和叶温(Tl)]的灰色关联系数及关联度,明确了影响不同栽培阶段大棚内净光合速率诸生态因子间的主次关系。结果表明,促成阶段(果实发育期)对大棚内美人指和藤稔品种净光合速率影响最大的分别是叶温和光合有效辐射,露地对照分别是光合有效辐射和蒸腾速率;避雨阶段(果实成熟期),与大棚内2品种净光合速率关系最密切的皆是叶温,同期露地对照分别是蒸腾速率和叶温。     

The application of phrenic nerve conduction time in the resuscitation of anaesthesia

AIM:To investigate the application of phrenic nerve conduction time(PNCT) in the recovery of general anaesthesia.METHODS:Pdi_(t) and PNCT were measured by cervical magnetic stimulation of phrenic nerves in 8 patients before and after the administration of muscle relaxant.RESULTS:Pdi_(t) was reduced from (23.7±2.4) cmH₂O to (11.5±3.4) cmH₂O (reduction rate: 51.5%, P＜0.01) after the administration of muscle relaxant. The PNCT were (5.73±1.33) ms on the left side and (5.63±0.91) ms on the right side before the administration of muscle relaxant and prolonged to(6.1±1.3) ms and(6.4±0.6) ms and shortened as the Pdi_(t) recovered. CONCLUSIONS:Pdi(t)was reduced and PNCT was prolonged after the administration of muscle relaxant and the PNCT were shortened as the Pdi(t)recovered.The PNCT could be used to estimate the diaphragmatic function indirectly.     

Expression of 2 SYK protein isoforms in breast cancer cells and their effect on cell invasion

AIM: This study was to explore the expression of spleen tyrosine kinase(SYK)(L) and SYK(S) in breast cancer cells and their effects on invasive phenotype of breast cancer cell line MB435. METHODS: The expression of SYK in breast cancer cell lines MB435, ZR75.1, MB468, T47D and MCF 7 were detected by Western blotting. MB435 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-SYK(L), pcDNA3.1-SYK(S) or pcDNA3.1 respectively, G418-resistant stable clones were pooled and the SYK expression was measured by Western blotting. Chemoinvasion assays were performed to study the effects of SYK(L) and SYK(S) on breast cancer cell invasion.RESULTS: SYK(L) and SYK(S) were simultaneously expressed in most detected breast cancer cells. Pooled SYK(L) and SYK(S) stable clones were made by Fugene 6 transfection and G418 selection. The expression of SYK(L) suppressed the invasive ability of breast cancer cells, while SYK(S) didnt.CONCLUSION: The simultaneously expression of SYK(L) and SYK(S) in breast cancer cells is a common phenomenon. Among SYK(L) and SYK(S),only SYK(L) protein is capable of suppressing the invasion of breast cancer cells.