共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 312 毫秒
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以黑河流域中游典型荒漠退化区为研究对象,采用围栏封育和人工辅助造林对围栏封育后植被盖度、生物量等进行了研究,并采用增施生物活性剂、深栽等人工辅助措施研究了柽柳和沙枣治理荒漠化的效果。结果表明:采用围栏封育后,植被盖度、高度和生物量显著增加6.46%、1.8倍和4.87倍,禾本科植被多度增加8.5%,地上生物量上升明显。采用覆膜、增施生物活性剂、深栽等人工辅助治理荒漠化效果明显,柽柳平均成活率比对照提高了14.1%,当年生长量达到对照的2.1倍;沙枣平均成活率比对照提高了9.5%,当年生长量达到了对照的1.5倍。其中,覆膜和生物活性剂Frisol A+Frisol F技术治理荒漠效果最好。人工栽植柽柳和沙枣2年后,植被盖度达到了41.3%,地上生物量增加了3倍以上。 相似文献
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川西北高原沙化治理示范工程成效调查研究——以若尔盖县、理塘县为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《四川林业科技》2016,(6)
对川西北高原沙化典型县(若尔盖县、理塘县)的沙化治理示范工程典型治理模式进行成效调查,总结经验,以期为川西北防沙治沙工程顺利实施提供科学参考。提出针对不同程度沙地的治理策略:轻度沙地(盖度40%以上),通过围栏封育和补播混合草种的方式适当施用有机肥;而中度(盖度25%~40%)、重度(盖度10%~25%)沙化土地除了采用围栏封育和补播草种的方式治理,还需栽植灌木进行固沙;对于极重度(盖度10%以下)沙化土地还需要配置沙障进行固沙。 相似文献
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《林业资源管理》2021,(2)
以河北省木兰围场国有林场常年受到放牧影响的华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)人工林为研究对象,通过1年的围栏封育后,测定了林下草本层多样性、生物量、土壤容重、土壤孔隙度及含水率等指标,以探究围栏封育对森林林下植被、土壤及凋落物的短期影响。研究结果表明:1)围封样地较对照样地草本多样性指标略有下降,而群落中植物的优势度发生了较大改变;2)与对照样地相比,围封样地草本层的总生物量提高了约4.5倍,地上生物量提高约4.9倍,地下生物量提高约3.9倍;3)围栏封育改变了土壤的物理性质,0~20 cm土壤容重降低,土壤总孔隙度提高,土壤持水量增加;4)围封样地凋落物厚度增加,自然含水率显著增加。结果表明,短期封育对林下植被和土壤产生了有益影响。 相似文献
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本研究选取西乌珠穆沁旗巴彦胡舒苏木区域内不同围封年限(3 a、5 a、7 a、10 a)的草原作为研究对象,以未封育的草原为对照,通过野外调查结合室内分析,分析草原不同围封年限的植物组成和群落特征。结果表明:(1)随围封年限的增长,植物种总数持续增加,由未封育的17种增至26种;(2)植被高度、盖度和地上生物量都有所增加,围封10 a较未围封样地分别增加了110.63%、141.33%、743.81%;(3)随围封年限的增长,多年生草本植物的优势地位显著提高,1 a生草本和半灌木的优势地位下降,围封5 a后禾本科植物占据优势地位。围栏封育在短期内一定程度上有利于草原植被的恢复和群落结构的稳定。 相似文献
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去年九月我到赤峰地区公出,看到两处通过封育而成林的地方,感到十分欣喜。现把他们的封育情况介绍给广大读者。翁牛特旗那什罕苏木1976年用围栏封育了一块12000亩的沙地。封育前,这块沙地的大部分是流动沙丘,寸草不生,少部分仅有一些稀疏残存的沙柳墩子和其它灌木根子。十年后的今天,封育区内的沙柳高达2~3米,柠条、沙棘、花棒、灰桦、沙蒿、沙米等木本草本植物也生长起来,还有人工种植的樟子松,植被复盖度达到60%,沙丘已全部固定。每亩沙地现在每年打干草150多斤, 相似文献
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为遏制若尔盖草原沙化进一步蔓延,急需开展草地沙化治理模式研究.试验选取若尔盖草原半固定沙地和流动沙地为研究对象,分析了生态毯覆盖对两种沙地类型土壤环境、植物群落盖度和生物量的影响.结果表明:生态毯覆盖1 a后,有效提高了沙地植物群落盖度和生物量,流动沙地中生态毯覆盖的群落盖度和生物量较对照处理的增量高于半固定沙地,半固定沙地生态毯覆盖的群落盖度和生物量分别是对照处理的1.20倍和1.19倍,而流动沙地则分别为对照的4.74倍和2.83倍;生态毯覆盖均降低了两种类型沙地的土壤温度,增加了土壤水分,提高了土壤最大持水量;生态毯覆盖对两种类型沙地土壤电导率的改善效果一致,均比对照高0.01 ms·cm-1;半固定沙地中生态毯覆盖和对照处理的土壤容重相同,流动沙地中生态毯覆盖的土壤容重较对照处理低0.02 g·cm-3;生态毯覆盖初期对流动沙地的恢复效果优于半固定沙地.生态毯覆盖对土壤环境指标的影响均未达到显著水平,可能是由于试验年限较短所致. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):509-518
Altogether 1 080 two‐year‐old silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) were planted in groups of 36 plants at aspacing of 20 x 20 Cm in spring 1983 on a nursery field at lat. 60° 15 N and long. 16°00 E. In spring 1984 all plants were cut with 10 cm high stumps and light screens were arranged on the stump groups. Relative ¡rradiance (RI) 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of full sunlight were used. After five growing seasons, all stumps exposed to 5 or 10% light intensity were dead, and 64–94% of stumps exposed to 25–100% RI were alive. 1.3–1.4 sprouts per living stump were living five years after cutting. The mean height of sprouts was highest on stumps exposed to 100% light. Also dry weights of leaves and sprouts, number of leaves per sprout, and leaf area were highest on stumps exposed to full sunlight. Stumps producting only one sprout five years after cutting have higher height and dry weight values than stumps with more sprouts. The biomass production per hectare and year for silver birch sprouts at a spacing of 0.2 m and with 90% survival was calculated as 5.4 tonnes. The biomass of leaves was 8.1 tonnes/ha/year five years after cutting. 相似文献
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多伦县近年来实施飞播技术、封育技术、人工造林技术、沙障固沙技术等植被恢复技术来防治土地沙漠化。针对这些植被恢复技术进行效果分析,认为这些技术在多伦县沙漠化防治中经推广应用是成功的,并且效果明显。沙障固沙技术实施成林后,起到了明显的阻沙、降低风速、恢复植被的作用;封育、人工造林技术可迅速提高植被盖度,稳定植被群落;在实施封育、人工造林、沙障固沙技术的前提下进行飞播,效果更明显,保存率更高,植被恢复更快。 相似文献
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上高台林场对林草植被退化严重的山地阳坡实施围封禁牧,经过6年观察,与立地类型相同的未围封区相比较,围封区能在3年内使植被更新复壮,而且提高草本物种多样性。因此围封禁牧是山地阳坡恢复植被的有效措施。初步认定适宜围封周期为5年。 相似文献
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薇甘菊生态防除研究初报 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
为了生态防除外来入侵植物薇甘菊,在受害严重的深圳、东莞设置试验地,在人工除草(包括全部薇甘菊)后搭配种植9个树种、1种灌木和1种草本,并设置固定样方调查薇甘菊的生物量、盖度、密度及其周围人工种植的、野生的乔灌草植物生长量、盖度。初步研究表明:(1)深圳试验地大叶相思、马占相思和东莞试验地米老排、樟树的冠幅增长最快,宜作为防除薇甘菊的造林树种;蟛蜞菊生长迅速,可在短期内有效抵御薇甘菊侵害;(2)薇甘菊生物量与其它植物总盖度的关系符合负指数曲线模型;(3)薇甘菊盖度、密度与其它植物总盖度均呈极显著或显著负相关,能很好地拟合线性模型;(4)据(2)、(3),其它植物总盖度以及包括其内的林木冠幅(或郁闭度)、草本层盖度,可作为评价一个植物群落抵御薇甘菊为害的能力或一种生态防除措施的效能的实用而方便的指标。种植当地适生乔灌草植物或促进野生植物生长,建立稳定的复层群落结构,可持续有效地抵御薇甘菊的侵害。 相似文献
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在安吉县浑泥港中上游林业综合开发中,成本资金总量不足500万元,开发造林面积0.4万余hm^2,7年时间,森林覆盖率提高13%,获得直接经济效益4300多万元,使该地区林业总产值增长4倍。 相似文献
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Nitrogen was the main limiting nutrient of net primary production in the southeastern Keerqin Sandy Lands, Northeast China. Species richness declined and biomass increased after five consecutive years of nitrogen fertilization of these sandy grasslands (2004-2008). After fertilization had been stopped for three years (2009-2011), we surveyed vegetation on previously fertilized plots to quantify changes in commu- nity composition. Respect species richness showed an increasing trend over time since the cessation of fertilization. Respect vegetation height and coverage showed decreasing trends over time since the cessation of fertilization. Species composition changed after fertilization ceased, the dominant species shifting from Cannabis sativa, Phragmites communis and Chenopodium acuminaturn in 2008 to Cannabis sativa, Phragmites communis and Artemisia scoparia in 2011. Dominance of dominant species declined from 66.2% in 2008 to 57.5% in 2011. The importance value of annual plants in the earlier nitrogen addition plots was higher than in control plots, but the differences were not significant in 2011. The importance value of perennial plants differed significantly between treatments from 2009 to 2011. The reversion rate not only differed be- tween community characteristics, but also between functional groups in the same community characteristic. Although the residual effect of nitrogen addition on vegetation was still observed three years after fertilization ceased, the vegetation showed signs of recovery. 相似文献
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Gradual reinvigoration of adult chestnut (Castanea sativa M. cv. Montemarano) shoots was obtained by serial grafting onto juvenile rootstocks. The phenomenon was evaluated on the basis of percentage of primary nodes regenerating axillary shoots and length and number of shoots (> 10 mm) per primary node. In vitro growth of explants from serially grafted shoots was significantly lower than that of explants from seedlings at the end of the establishment phase. Only microshoots from seedlings and plants that had been serially grafted four times could be subcultured on proliferation medium. Repeated subculture on medium containing a low cytokinin concentration induced progressive reinvigoration of microshoots derived from plants that had been serially grafted four times. The number of axillary shoots per explant increased significantly after six subcultures. After 12 subcultures, microshoots from serially grafted plants showed an increase in stem elongation, rooting and plantlet survival. After in vitro stabilization, there was no difference in in vitro performance between microshoots derived from seedlings and serially grafted plants. Microshoots multiplied from serially grafted plants displayed only a transitory appearance of juvenile traits. 相似文献