Ectopic pro-opiolipomelanocortin: sequence of cDNA coding for beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and beta-endorphin

A recombinant bacterial plasmid, pMS1, was constructed that contains 318 nucleotides complementary to a portion of pro-opiolipomelanocortin (proOLMC) messenger RNA from an ectopic adrenocorticotropin-producing tumor. The cloned complementary DNA insert, which contains the sequence that codes for all of the beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and beta-endorphin portions of proOLMC, as well as the 3' nontranslated section, is identical to the genomic sequence. Hybridization of tumor proOLMC complementary DNA to RNA subjected to electrophoresis and transferred to a nitrocellulose filter revealed two proOLMC messenger RNA species in the tumor polyadenylated RNA, but only one in pituitary polyadenylated RNA. At least one of the tumor proOLMC messenger RNA's is similar, if not identical, to human pituitary proOLMC messenger RNA.     

RNA沉默机制及其介导的植物抗病毒基因工程研究进展

RNA沉默是一种由双链RNA诱导同源RNA降解的现象,是植物的一种天然抗病毒机制.但是由于长期的共进化过程,一些病毒会在siRNA沉默途径以及miRNA沉默途径中编码一些抑制蛋白来对抗这种机制,使其作用受到抑制.文章对RNA沉默的发现、过程、抑制及其由RNA沉默介导的对RNA病毒、DNA病毒的抗性、以及由转病毒基因介导的病毒抗性等几种植物抗病机制.同时,对研究中所存在的一些问题作了分析,并就今后的研究重点和方向作了展望.     

Correlated measurements of DNA, RNA, and protein in individual cells by flow cytometry

A cytochemical method was developed to differentially stain cellular DNA, RNA, and proteins with fluorochromes Hoechst 33342, pyronin Y, and fluorescein isothiocyanate, respectively. The fluorescence intensities, reflecting the DNA, RNA, and protein content of individual cells, were measured in a flow cytometer after sequential excitation by three lasers tuned to different excitation wavelengths. The method offers rapid analysis of changes in the cellular content of RNA and protein as well as in the RNA-protein, RNA-DNA, and protein-DNA ratios in relation to cell cycle position for large cell populations. An analysis of cycling cell populations (exponentially growing CHO cultures) and noncycling CHO cells arrested in the G1 phase by growth in isoleucine-free medium demonstrated the potential of the technique.     

改良一步法提取植物RNA·DNA和蛋白质的研究

[目的]利用改良的一步法提取植物RNA、DNA和蛋白质。[方法]采用CTAB试剂对Biozol抽提法进行改良,用一步法分别对玉米（Zea mays L.）、大豆（Glycine max L.）、苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）和黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）4种作物根的RNA、DNA和蛋白质进行共提取,并对其HO-1和CDPK1基因及HO-1蛋白质进行鉴定。[结果]经紫外分光光度计测定和琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析证明获得的RNA和DNA样品纯度较高;HO-1和CDPK1基因的RT-PCR结果呈阳性;所提取的蛋白质也可用于Western blot分析;整个提取过程只需3h。[结论]该方法实用性较强,具有广泛的应用价值。     

鲤鱼白肌中RNA/DNA值与其生长的关系

鲤鱼白肌中核糖核酸与脱氧核糖核酸的比值(RNA/DNA)可作为种群生长的生理指标,并用此指标预测和评价生态环境、饲养条件的优劣对其生长可能产生的影响。鱼体白肌中RNA/DAN值与其生长率呈正相关(r=0.8994);鱼体增重率和RNA/DNA值的季节变动规律基本一致,都是在9-10月最高,4月次之,11-12月最低。鲤鱼生长良好时,RNA/DNA值大于2.0;反之,低于2.0;Hg~(2+)浓度达到0.005mg/l时,才对鲤鱼的生长产生显著影响,并在RNA/DNA值上显示出来。用RNA/DNA值评价鱼的生产快慢、环境优劣是可信的     

改良一步法提取植物RNA、DNA和蛋白质的研究

[目的]利用改良的一步法提取植物RNA、DNA和蛋白质。[方法]采用CTAB试剂对Biozol抽提法进行改良,用一步法分别对玉米（Zea maysL.）、大豆（Glycine maxL.）、苜蓿（Medicago sativaL.）和黄瓜（Cucumis sativusL.）4种作物根的RNA、DNA和蛋白质进行共提取,并对其HO-1和CDPK1基因及HO-1蛋白进行鉴定。[结果]经紫外分光光度计测定和琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析证明获得的RNA和DNA样品纯度较高;HO-1基因和CDPK1基因的RT-PCR结果呈阳性;所提取的蛋白质也可用于Western blot分析;整个提取过程只需3h。[结论]该方法实用性较强,具有广泛的应用价值。     

芸芥（E.Sativa Mill.）柱头总RNA提取方法比较研究

为了确立一种适合于芸芥柱头总RNA的提取方法,以芸芥柱头为材料,在常规异硫氰酸胍法的基础上提取和纯化总RNA.结果表明.采用常规异硫氰酸胍法提取的芸芥柱头总RNA,28 S RNA和18S RNA条带的亮度之比接近于1:1,而不是所要求的2:1,产生了明显的降解.改进异硫氰酸胍法提取的芸芥柱头总RNA,28S RNA和18S RNA条带的亮度之比接近于2:1,提取的RNA完整性好,但存在痕量DNA污染.用DNase降解痕量DNA,发现DNA去除较干净,且RNA没有发生降解,可作为反转录底物进行第一链cDNA合成.确立了一种适合于芸芥柱头总RNA的提取与纯化方法,为芸芥自交亲和基因的克隆及功能分析奠定了基础.     

不同方法提取吴茱萸叶片基因组DNA和RNA的比较

分别研究对比了3种不同方法提取吴茱萸叶片基因组DNA和RNA的质量,以确定适合吴茱萸叶片基因组DNA和RNA的提取方法。采用紫外分光光度法和普通电泳检测法比较了常规CTAB法、SDS法和改良CTAB法提取吴茱萸叶片基因组DNA的效果;采用紫外分光光度法和非变性电泳检测法比较了酚-SDS法、Trizol法和改良异硫氰酸胍法提取吴茱萸叶片RNA的效果。结果表明,分别采用不同方法提取的吴茱萸叶片基因组DNA和RNA的质量差异较大。常规CTAB法和SDS法无法提取出高质量的吴茱萸叶片基因组DNA,而改良CTAB法提取效果较好;酚-SDS法和Trizol法不适合高质量吴茱萸叶片RNA的提取,而改良异硫氰酸胍法的提取效果良好。     

月季基因组DNA与总RNA提取方法的优化研究

[目的]优化月季基因组DNA与总RNA的提取方法。[方法]通过对经典提取方法的改进与筛选,获得月季DNA和总RNA。[结果]经过改进与筛选的方法提取的月季DNA和总RNA可用于酶切、PCR和RT-PCR等一系列分子生物学的研究。[结论]该研究为其他以次生代谢物含量丰富植物为材料的研究提供了技术参考。     

Stable RNA/DNA hybrids in the mammalian genome: inducible intermediates in immunoglobulin class switch recombination

Although it is well established that mammalian class switch recombination is responsible for altering the class of immunoglobulins, the mechanistic details of the process have remained unclear. Here, we show that stable RNA/DNA hybrids form at class switch sequences in the mouse genome upon cytokine-specific stimulation of class switch in primary splenic B cells. The RNA hybridized to the switch DNA is transcribed in the physiological orientation. Mice that constitutively express an Escherichia coli ribonuclease H transgene show a marked reduction in RNA/DNA hybrid formation, an impaired ability to generate serum immunoglobulin G antibodies, and significant inhibition of class switch recombination in their splenic B cells. These data provide evidence that stable RNA/DNA hybrids exist in the mammalian nuclear genome, can serve as intermediates for physiologic processes, and are mechanistically important for efficient class switching in vivo.     

景天科植物基因组DNA的高效提取方法

采用CTAB法,低浓度的乙醇与NaCl沉淀DNA,再用正丁醇进一步萃取多糖,建立了景天科特种植物的DNA提取方法,获得的DNA经琼脂糖电泳和紫外分析仪检测,浓度和质量均较高。用线粒体nad7基因的特异引物对该法提取的大花红景天DNA进行扩增,获得了长为791bp片段的目标序列。结果表明:该法有利于去除景天科植物材料中多糖、多酚类和RNA等物质,获得的高质量基因组DNA完全可以满足各种分子生物学研究的要求。     

地乐胺（dibutralin）对大豆幼苗根腐病,核酸和蛋白质的影响

地乐胺（dibutralin）可降低大豆幼苗根腐病的发病率和严重度,可使大豆幼苗的RNA含量和叶部蛋白质含量增加,RNA酶活性提高,对蛋白酶的活性无影响,这说明地乐胺可诱发某些应激蛋白的产生。另外DNA含量和根部蛋白质含量略减少,幼苗体内IAA,GA,Z,ABA4种激素的含量有不同程度的变化。这些变化都对大豆根腐病的发生有不同程度的影响。     

DNA Complementary to Ribosomal RNA: Relation between Genomic Proportion and Ploidy

Ten Nicotiana species were assayed for the proportion of DNA that is complementary to ribosomal RNA. This proportion varies from 0.27 to 0.9 percent, with tetraploid species having lower values than the diploid species. The tetraploid species have about twice as much DNA per cell as do diploid species. Thus, the absolute number of genes for ribosomal RNA varies less than the proportion of complementary DNA. Further, the number of genes for the RNA in 80S ribosomes varies less among species than does that for the RNA in 70S ribosomes. The data indicate that loss of DNA complementary to ribosomal RNA is associated with tetraploidy in the genus Nicotiana.     

苹果梨花芽分化期核酸代谢规律的研究

采用生化测定的方法对苹果梨花芽分化的核酸代谢进行了研究，结果表明：花芽生理分化期核酸总量高，RNA高于DNA，RNA／DNA比值高，其核酸代谢模式为：RNA双峰，第1峰大于第2峰，DNA单峰，在RNA双峰之间，RNA／DNA呈双峰，蜂值出现时间与RNA双峰相同，第1峰远大于第2峰；花芽形态分化过程中，RNA和DNA变化动态相似，一直处于较高水平且呈增加趋势，RNA高于DNA，雄蕊和紫蕊分化期含量最高，形态分化结束时降至最低。     

一种快速高效提取革兰氏阳性菌微杆菌基因组DNA的新方法

[目的]探索可以快速从革兰氏阳性菌微杆菌中提取高质量基因组总DNA的新方法。[方法]采用3种不同方法提取微杆菌基因组DNA,并进行DNA纯度、完整度鉴定及16SrDNA扩增检测。[结果]紫外吸收结果表明,采用改良方法所获DNAA260/A280大于1.80,A260/A230为2.0,5ml过夜菌液可得6.5μg基因组总DNA。DNA凝胶电泳结果表明,DNA完整度高且无RNA污染。以此方法提取的基因组总DNA样品为模板,可灵敏有效地扩增16SrDNA基因。[结论]该方法用时短,操作简易,纯度好、产率高、成本低,适用于革兰氏阳性菌各相关的分子生物学研究。     

用鱼肌核酸指示水体污染的初步研究

选择了4种家鱼作指示生物，用紫外分光光度法测定其白肌中RNA和DNA的含量。结果表明：同种鱼，污染区的RNA含量显著低于对照区，白鲢和鳊鱼白肌中RNA／DNA低于对照区；不同种的鱼，污染区鱼肌核酸比对照区下降的程度有鳊鱼＞白鲢＞鲫鱼和鲤鱼的趋势。鱼肌核酸下降同水体重金属污染有一定联系，RNA是比RNA／DNA更合适的指标，鳊鱼和白鲢是比鲫鱼和鲤鱼更敏感的指示生物。     

Aflatoxin B1: binding to DNA in vitro and alteration of RNA metabolism in vivo

Aflatoxin B(1) binds to both native and denatured DNA, as shown by spectroscopy and equilibrium dialysis. It also strongly inhibits incorporation of cytidine into rat liver nuclear RNA and lowers the RNA content of the nucleus. The extremle toxicity and carcinogenicity of aflatoxin B(1) may be direct results of the affinity of this agent for DNA.     

Replicating form of a single-stranded DNA virus: isolation and properties

The replicating form of single-stranded DNA virus has been isolated in pure form by chromatography on columns of methylated albumin. Its buoyant density in CsCl and "melting temperature" are characteristic of a double stranded DNA structure containing 43 percent guanine-cytosine. The nearest neighbors to uridylate were compared in the RNA synthesized when replicating-form DNA and mature single-stranded DNA were employed as templates in an in vitro system. The mature DNA component of the replicating duplex does not serve as the sole source of complementary RNA. The results agree best with the assumption that both strands of the replicating form function as templates. It is important to note that this is contrary to the situation found in the intact cell where only one of the two strands appears to be transcribed into message.