RNA干涉下调RACK1基因表达增强水稻抗旱能力

 RACK1是一种多功能支架蛋白,广泛参与植物生长发育过程的调节。利用RNA干涉技术抑制水稻RACK1基因的表达,分析了RACK1基因在响应干旱胁迫中的功能。实时定量PCR对获得的转基因植株的RACK1基因表达分析结果表明,转基因水稻RACK1基因表达受抑制程度达50%左右。与非转基因水稻（对照）相比,转基因水稻耐干旱能力显著强于对照,其膜的过氧化酶和丙二醛的产生显著低于对照,而超氧化物歧化酶活性极显著高于对照。表明RACK1蛋白质调节水稻对干旱胁迫的耐性,并且这种调节在很大程度上与植株体内的氧化还原系统有关。     

CbDREB1A基因表达载体构建及转化水稻光温敏核不育系的研究

为了增强荠菜DREB1A基因在转基因水稻中的表达,构建了由Ubi启动子驱动的植物表达载体pUΩCbDREB3300.通过基因枪转化法将CbDREB1A基因导入水稻光温敏核不育系4008S,获得5个抗干旱胁迫的再生植株.运用PCR及Southern杂交技术对抗性再生植株进行鉴定,结果显示CbDREB1A基因已整合到水稻基因组中.干旱胁迫后转基因水稻植株脯氨酸含量显著高于对照,显示耐旱性增强.     

水稻种胚LOX3基因在逆境胁迫中的作用

LOX3是主要的水稻种胚脂氧合酶同工酶。为了研究水稻LOX3基因在逆境胁迫中的作用,构建了LOX3基因的反义植物表达载体,用农杆菌介导法转化水稻品种武运粳7号和Kasalath,获得了转基因植株。PCR和Southern鉴定证实基因已经导入水稻基因组中,种胚LOX3缺失鉴定和半定量RT PCR分析证实反义RNA抑制了LOX3基因的表达。对T2代转基因植株进行了水分胁迫处理及稻瘟病和白叶枯病的接种鉴定。结果显示,与非转基因对照相比,反义LOX3转基因植株对水分胁迫、稻瘟病和白叶枯病都表现敏感,说明水稻种胚LOX3基因在逆境胁迫反应中发挥一定的作用。     

芒果MiNAC1基因的功能研究

NAC转录因子在植物非生物逆境胁迫应答中发挥重要作用,研究芒果MiNAC1基因的功能为芒果的抗逆性育种提供基因资源。干旱、盐和低温等非生物胁迫严重影响芒果的生长发育。前期研究中,课题组从芒果逆境胁迫转录组中获得了一个MiNAC1基因,表达模式分析发现其与芒果的逆境胁迫应答有关。本研究对芒果MiNAC1基因的功能进行了验证。将芒果MiNAC1基因构建到pBI121-MiNAC1超量表达载体中,并利用农杆菌介导的花序浸染法转化野生型拟南芥,对获得的T3代纯合株系进行表型观察分析和逆境胁迫处理。结果显示,转芒果MiNAC1基因与野生型拟南芥的表型类似,转基因不影响拟南芥的莲座叶数量、抽薹时间、开花时间以及开花时的植株高度。逆境胁迫处理：分别用0、200、300、400 mmol/L甘露醇进行干旱胁迫;用0、100、150、200 mmol/L NaCl进行盐胁迫;4℃低温胁迫处理转基因与对照拟南芥植株。结果显示：随着甘露醇处理浓度的增加,转基因株系与对照组拟南芥的根系生长发育均受到抑制,但转基因株系受到抑制的影响显著小于对照组拟南芥,比如在300 mmol/L甘露醇处理时,转基因株系的根长显著增长,OE9的根长是WT的1.51倍,侧根数量显著增加,OE7的侧根数是WT的5倍,另外根冠比分析显示,转基因植株的根冠比显著高于对照植株,OE2的根冠比是WT的1.53倍。盐胁迫和低温胁迫也取得了类似的结果。以上结果表明转芒果MiNAC1基因可以通过增加转基因植株的根长和侧根数量提高其对干旱胁迫、盐胁迫和低温胁迫的抗性。本研究初步揭示了MiNAC1基因的功能,为深入研究MiNAC1基因参与调控芒果逆境胁迫调控网络奠定基础。     

Role of LOX3 Gene in Alleviating Adverse Effects of Drought and Pathogens in Rice

Lipoxygenase 3 (LOX3) is a major component of the LOX isozymes in mature rice seeds. To investigate the role of LOX3 gene under stresses, a plant expression vector containing antisense cDNA of LOX3 was constructed. Rice varieties Wuyunjing 7 and Kasalath were transformed by the Agrobacterium-mediated method and transgenic rice plants were generated. PCR and Southern blot results showed that the antisense LOX3 gene was integrated into the rice genome. Analyses of embryo LOX3 deletion and semi-quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the antisense suppression of LOX3 gene in transgenic plants. The T2 antisense plants of LOX3 were sensitive to drought stress, rice blast and bacterial blight compared with non-transgenic plants. These results suggest that the LOX3 gene might function in response to stresses.     

大豆E3连接酶基因GmPLR-2 的克隆及抗旱功能鉴定

PEG模拟干旱胁迫条件下E3连接酶GmPLR-2 基因在大豆根茎叶中呈上调表达，推测其可能参与大豆抗 旱调节。本研究克隆GmPLR-2 基因，构建植物过表达载体pCAMBIA3301-GmPLR-2、RNA干扰表达载体pCAM⁃ BIA3301-GmPLR-2-RNAi并转化到吉农38中，对T2转基因植株进行分子检测，连续7 d不浇水后测定转基因叶片 中相关生理生化指标。结果表明：共获得T2过表达阳性植株12株，RNA干扰阳性植株11株。干旱胁迫7 d后过表 达植株中相对含水率、POD活性、SOD活性、Pro含量均高于未转化植株，而RNA干扰植株中则低于未转化植株；另 一方面过表达植株中相对电导率、MDA含量均低于未转化植株而RNA干扰植株中含量则高于未转化植株，且差异 极显著，说明GmPLR-2 基因的表达与大豆中相关抗旱指标的变化有关。     

Resistance levels and fitness of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) inhibitor-resistant transgenic rice in paddy fields

We previously confirmed that the transgenic rice line, M4, was about 200-fold more resistant to oxyfluorfen than the wild-type (WT) rice in whole-plant bioassays in pots. The transgenic rice line was also cross-resistant to other protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX)-inhibiting herbicides, acifluorfen, carfentrazone, and oxadiazon. The objectives of this research were to (a) verify the resistance of transgenic rice plants to commercial doses of PROTOX-inhibiting herbicides under paddy field conditions, (b) compare the growth, yield, and grain quality of transgenic and WT rice under weed-free conditions in a paddy field, and (c) determine the responses of transgenic and WT rice plants to chilling and drought stress. In the field, M4 was resistant to PROTOX inhibitors oxyfluorfen, acifluorfen, carfentrazone, pyraflufen, and oxadiazon in transplanted and direct-seeded rice culture. The transgenic and WT plants had similar plant heights and number of tillers. However, the yield of M4 at T₄ and T₅ generations was 7–8% less than that of WT plants. This was due to reduced number of spikelets per panicle and reduced grain weight. Head rice yield, immature kernels, damaged kernels, palatability, and protein and amylose contents were similar between M4 and WT rice. There was no difference in chilling injury between WT and M4, but M4 was more tolerant to drought stress than WT plants. PROTOX inhibitor-resistant rice is agronomically viable. It will expand the herbicide options in rice production. Follow-up research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the slight yield difference and differential drought response between WT and transgenic rice.     

转TaNHX2基因大豆的抗旱性鉴定

本研究利用转TaNHX2基因大豆T3代株系,研究其在干旱胁迫情况下表型、生理特性、生物量与光合作用等方面的变化。结果表明:随着干旱时间的不断延长,对照表现出明显的萎蔫,且转基因植株能够持续地保持绿色状态。转基因植株叶片中含水量高于对照,但株系间叶绿素和可溶性糖含量差异不大,转基因植株中的脯氨酸和丙二醛含量明显低于对照,SOD的活性高于对照。综合评价表明转TaNHX2基因大豆T3代株系比对照具有更强的耐旱性。     

1-磷酸甘露醇脱氢酶基因转化水稻的研究

摘要：PCR和Southern blotting检测表明,来自大肠杆菌的[i]mtlD[/i]基因已通过农杆菌介导整合进水稻基因组。[i]mtlD[/i]基因在T1代出现分离, T2代出现纯系。在0.75% NaCl胁迫下,7个转基因T3代株系都能检测到mtlD酶活性,与对照相比细胞膜的相对电导率和大分子渗漏值明显降低。部分转基因株系能在 1.0% NaCl浓度下正常生长,而对照在0.5% NaCl浓度下已不能存活。通过有性杂交途径实现了[i]mtlD[/i]和[i]gutD[/i]两个基因的聚合,部分杂交后代株系能在1.25%NaCl胁迫下正常生长结实。     

玉米C_4光合酶基因导入对拟南芥光合特性及抗旱性的影响

为了解玉米C_4型光合酶基因对C3植物拟南芥光合特性的影响及其对干旱胁迫的响应,分别以过表达ZmPEPC(磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶)、ZmPPDK(丙酮酸磷酸二激酶)和ZmNADP-ME(依赖于NADP的苹果酸酶)单个酶基因的拟南芥株系(分别简写为PC、PK、ME),以及过表达PEPC+PPDK和PPDK+NADP-ME两个酶基因的拟南芥株系(分别简写为PCK、PKM)为供试材料,在开花期停止浇水,并分别于干旱胁迫处理前1天、第5天、第10天和结束干旱胁迫复水处理5d时测定转基因拟南芥中目标基因的表达量、光合速率、水分利用效率和酶活性。结果表明,在正常生长条件下,PCK类型株系的PEPC酶活性、PPDK酶活性、净光合速率(Pn)以及水分利用效率(WUE)较野生型拟南芥分别高52%、20%、24%和55%,除PPDK酶活性外,PCK类型株系各指标测定值的增幅均高于其他转基因类型株系,综合表现最优。不同类型株系的上述测定指标总体表现为PCKPCPK、PKMME。干旱胁迫处理5d时,各类型株系中目标基因的表达量、光合酶活性、Pn和WUE均有所上升。干旱胁迫处理10d时,拟南芥受到严重损伤,上述指标的测定值均下降。复水5d时上述指标得到不同程度的恢复,不同类型转基因株系的各项测定指标在不同干旱胁迫处理中总体仍表现为PCK最优,PC次之。各转基因株系均优于受体非转基因拟南芥。     

过量表达拟南芥GPX3基因提高玉米苗期抗旱性研究

通过农杆菌介导法将拟南芥抗旱基因AtGPX3导入玉米自交系郑58中,用PCR和RT-PCR法对转化玉米进行检测,在水分胁迫下对T₁代转基因玉米和非转基因玉米进行抗旱性分析。结果表明,共得到56株转化苗,检测获得9个株系的30株T₀代转基因阳性植株,抗性植株阳性率为53.6%。RT-PCR检测表明,T₁代有6个株系为稳定遗传阳性株系,并且AtGPX3基因在转基因玉米中表达量大幅度提高。耐旱性分析表明,非胁迫条件下,非转基因和转基因株系中游离脯氨酸（Pro）和丙二醛（MDA）的含量基本无显著差异。在干旱胁迫条件下,转基因玉米叶片的Pro含量高于非转基因玉米,比非转基因株系提高了46.2%;MDA含量低于非转基因玉米,比非转基因玉米下降了34%。通过导入AtGPX3基因,可以提高玉米苗期的耐旱性。     

Effects of Suppressing OsCRY1a Gene Expression on Rice Agronomic Traits

Using primers designed according to the published sequence of rice OsCRY1a gene,we obtained part of the gene fragment by PCR and constructed an RNA interference expression vector with it.To down-regulate the expression level of the gene or lead to the loss-of-function of the gene,the vector was then introduced into rice via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.Based on the performance of the transgenic plants,the functions of the gene were analyzed and deduced.The results indicated that suppressing the expression of the gene retarded flowering for 16 d in rice with the plant height and grain length significantly increasing whereas other important agronomic traits observed remained unchanged apparently.     

OsSCE1 Encoding SUMO E2-Conjugating Enzyme Involves in Drought Stress Response of Oryza sativa

Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-conjugating enzymes are involved in post-translational regulatory processes in eukaryotes, including the conjugation of SUMO peptides to protein substrate (SUMOylation). SUMOylation plays an important role in improving plant tolerance to abiotic stress such as salt, drought, heat and cold. Herein, we reported the isolation of OsSCE1 (LOC_Os10g39120) gene encoding a SUMO-conjugating enzyme from rice (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare) and its functional validation in response to drought stress. The E2 enzyme, OsSCE1, is one of three key enzymes involved in the conjugation of SUMO to its target proteins. Activated SUMO is transferred to the cysteine of an E2 enzyme and then to the target lysine residue of the substrate, with or without the help of an E3 SUMO ligase. Expression of OsSCE1 was strongly induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) treatment, which suggested OsSCE1 may be involved in the drought stress response. Overexpression of OsSCE1 (OsSCE1-OX) in Nipponbare reduced the tolerance to drought stress. Conversely, the drought tolerance was slightly improved by the knockdown of OsSCE1 (OsSCE1-KD). These results were further supported by measurement of proline content in OsSCE1-OX and OsSCE1-KD transgenic lines under induced drought stress, which showed OsSCE1-KD transgenic lines accumulated higher proline content than the wild type, whereas OsSCE1-OX line had lower proline content than the wild type. These findings suggested OsSCE1 may play a role as a negative regulator in response to drought stress in rice.     

大豆GmFDL06基因抗干旱及耐盐性研究

bZIP转录因子在植物防卫反应和逆境胁迫应答过程中起着十分重要的作用,大豆GmFDL06是bZIP转录因子家族A组成员,其表达水平受PEG和高盐胁迫影响。本研究分析了GmFDL06转基因大豆苗期的抗干旱和耐盐性。PEG和盐处理后GmFDL06转基因植株的相对植株高度(RPH)和相对植株干重(RSDW)显著高于非转基因大豆东农50。在盐胁迫下,GmFDL06转基因植株比东农50伤害程度低,并且GmFDL06过表达减少了Na~+离子积累,降低了盐胁迫带来的伤害,且过表达GmFDL06促进了下游逆境胁迫基因的表达。这些研究结果表明GmFDL06参与大豆非生物胁迫反应,并有潜力改善大豆的干旱和盐胁迫耐受性,为大豆抗逆基因的研究及抗逆大豆材料的筛选提供了依据。     

OsBTF3过量表达和RNAi转基因水稻抗盐和抗低温胁迫鉴定

 为评估水稻OsBTF3基因在水稻对非生物逆境胁迫应答中的功能,利用RT Q PCR技术,对经高盐(200 mmol/L NaCl溶液)和低温(4℃)胁迫处理后水稻的OsBTF3基因表达动态进行了测定,并对前期获得的OsBTF3过量表达和RNAi转基因水稻株系进行了抗高盐和抗低温胁迫的鉴定。结果表明,高盐胁迫处理显著抑制了OsBTF3基因的表达,低温胁迫对其表达影响有一定的变化;转基因T2代过量表达株系对高盐和低温胁迫抗性显著增强,而RNAi转基因株系抗性减弱,说明OsBTF3可能在水稻对高盐和低温胁迫反应中起着重要的调控作用。     

农杆菌介导的转ICE1基因提高水稻的耐寒性

利用农杆菌介导的转基因技术,成功地将通过RT PCR克隆的拟南芥ICE1基因导入垦鉴稻10号中,经PCR和Southern检测确认目的基因已整合到水稻基因组中。潮霉素抗性测定结果表明,与未转基因水稻相比,T1代表现出对潮霉素较高的抗性和孟德尔式的单位点遗传。抗寒能力检测结果表明,在同等低温胁迫条件下T1代转基因株系的死亡率明显低于未转基因对照。脯氨酸含量增幅明显高于未转基因对照。上述结果表明,转ICE1水稻提高了抗寒能力。     

一个水稻铜锌SOD酶基因在应答亚砷酸盐胁迫中的作用

【目的】水稻Os08g44770.1基因编码一个铜锌SOD酶,但其在响应亚砷酸盐[As(Ⅲ)]胁迫中的生物学功能未知。本研究旨在深入揭示由该基因调控水稻砷耐性改变的分子机理并为水稻抗逆育种提供理论参考。【方法】以野生型日本晴(WT)和2个Os08g44770.1过表达转基因株系为试材,通过胁迫处理、生理指标测定和基因表达分析等,系统探究了转基因植株对As(Ⅲ)的耐受性表现,并初步揭示了其调控水稻砷耐性的生理和分子机理。【结果】与WT相比,过表达转基因株系对As(Ⅲ)更加敏感;转基因植株在砷胁迫下的根系相对伸长量、生物量(干质量)、叶绿素含量、根系细胞质膜完整性、叶片抗氧化程度等均显著低于WT;Os08g44770.1在砷处理后的WT和转基因植株叶片中的表达模式略有不同,但均表现为处理24 h时被显著诱导表达。【结论】过度表达Os08g44770.1基因可导致水稻的砷耐受性极显著下降。