不同品种菜豆的开花习性和花粉生活力的研究

试验设计了以11个菜豆品种为试验材料,采用形态观察法、染色法和培养基培养法,测定各个品种在不同生长阶段的花粉生活力大小,并对各个品种的开花习性进行初步分析,为杂交提供一定的理论依据。试验表明：不同菜豆品种花期不同,开花顺序不同;形态观察法测定结果与染色法测定结果差异较大,培养基培养法测定花粉生活力效果好;经适宜不同品种花粉萌发的蔗糖浓度的确定,多数品种在10％的蔗糖溶液中成活率最高。     

榆叶梅花粉萌发研究

研究不同培养基组成、花粉采集时间、贮藏温度和相对湿度等因素对榆叶梅（Prunus triloba）花粉离体培养萌发效果的影响。结果表明：培养基中加入适量硼酸有利于花粉的萌发,硼酸浓度为18mg/L时榆叶梅花粉萌发率较高。蔗糖浓度对榆叶梅花粉萌发的影响不十分明显。聚乙二醇（PEG6000）对榆叶梅的萌发表现出显著影响,花粉的萌发率随聚乙二醇浓度增加而上升。榆叶梅花粉萌发较适宜的培养基为MS培养基＋16%PEG6000＋8%蔗糖＋18mg/L硼酸;上午10∶00采集花粉的萌发率要显著地高于下午3∶00采集的;温度对贮藏后花粉的生活力影响较大,温度降低越能保持花粉的生活力。在-20℃条件下贮藏48h后,花粉生活力下降较小。干燥条件对榆叶梅花粉的贮藏效果较好,相对湿度32%下贮藏48h,榆叶梅花粉生活力下降较小,而数据证实在相对湿度81%条件下萌发率减半。     

不同培养基及贮藏条件对文冠果花粉生活力的影响

以文冠果的花粉为试材,研究不同培养基及贮藏条件对文冠果花粉生活力的影响。结果表明:培养基中硼酸对花粉萌发的影响最大,蔗糖次之,琼脂最小;适合文冠果花粉萌发的培养基中蔗糖浓度为10%~15%,硼酸浓度为0.01%~0.05%,琼脂浓度为0.5%~0.6%;贮藏条件对文冠果花粉生活力有很大影响,-20℃冷冻条件下有利于保持花粉的生活力,4℃低温贮藏次之,25℃条件不利于花粉的长期贮藏。该研究可为文冠果生产上的花粉贮藏和人工授粉提供参考依据。     

不同菜豆品种的开花习性和花粉生活力的鉴定

以11个菜豆品种为试材,采用形态观察法、染色法和培养基培养法,测定各个品种在不同生长阶段的花粉生活力大小,并对各个品种的开花习性进行初步分析,旨在为菜豆有性杂交育种提供一定的理论依据。结果表明:不同菜豆品种花期不同,开花顺序不同;有性杂交的母本用花应在小于10 mm×5 mm的花器中选择;形态观察法测定结果与染色法测定结果差异较大,培养基培养法测定花粉生活力效果好;经适宜不同品种花粉萌发的蔗糖浓度的确定,多数品种在10%的蔗糖溶液中花粉萌发率最高。     

百合花粉生活力测定和贮藏方法研究

采用4种常用的花粉活力测定方法,对百合花粉生活力进行测定.结果表明:以蔗糖培养基培养法效果最好,并能直接观察到花粉管发育状况;百合不同品种间花粉生活力存在极显著差异,在所测定的68个品种中以麝香系百合的花粉活力为最高;卷丹花粉活力最低,几乎为零.在所研究的6种花粉贮藏方法中,以低温(5℃)干燥法最有利于保持百合花粉活力.     

茶花花粉生活力及贮藏力的研究

以茶花花粉为试材,采用培养基法研究了不同离体培养茎、不同花粉贮藏时间及不同品种花粉的生活力及贮藏力.结果表明:供试的7个品种最高萌发率均达到90％以上,其中“天山粉”在M1培养基中萌发率最高,达到98.34％,5个品种的花粉萌发率在不同培养基中的差异达到显著性;贮藏时间对花粉萌发率有显著影响,“葡萄汁”在贮藏50 d时,花粉萌发率由低温贮藏30 d时的87.87％锐减为贮藏50 d时的3.18％,贮藏70 d时,其萌发率仅为2.02％;不同品种间低温贮藏70 d的茶花花粉贮藏力存在极显著性差别,“红露珍”花粉在低温贮藏70 d后,仍有38.16％的萌发率,而“葡萄汁”与“歌女”萌发率仅为2.02％和2.69％,已基本失去活性.     

西府海棠不同品种花粉生活力及耐贮性研究

研究不同贮藏条件对西府海棠种系下三个品种花粉生活力的影响,结果表明:贮藏30d以内,西府海棠三个品种的最佳贮藏条件存在着相同规律,均以低温(-4℃)贮藏效果最理想,冷冻(-20℃)贮藏次之,室温贮藏效果最差。虽然随着贮藏时间延长,所有品种花粉的生活力均降低,但是不同贮藏条件间花粉生活力降低的速度和幅度是不同的,室温贮藏下的花粉生活力下降最快,冷冻(-20℃)贮藏的花粉生活力下降速度次之,低温(-4℃)贮藏的花粉生活力下降速度最慢。     

六个苹果品种花粉生活力研究

以6个苹果品种花粉为试材,研究了培养基成分以及贮藏条件对其花粉生活力的影响。结果表明:"摩力士"的花粉生活力最高,其次为"首红","绿宝"最低;随贮藏时间延长,参试苹果花粉生活力呈先升后降趋势,贮藏2~4个月时达到最高;干燥+冷藏的贮藏条件更有利于参试苹果花粉的贮藏;培养基成分中对参试苹果花粉发芽影响最大的因素是琼脂浓度,对花粉管生长影响最大的因素是硼酸浓度,不同参试品种花粉萌发和花粉管生长适宜的培养基组合不同。     

桃花粉生活力及其贮藏特性的研究

本研究观察了雨花露等6个桃品种不同蕾期、不同品种及不同贮藏条件下花粉的生活力.结果表明,小蕾期花粉具有一定的发芽力,在亲本花期不一致时可采其授粉;不同品种间的花粉生活力存在差异,以陆林桃的花粉生活力最强,金丰次之,雨花露和白凤差些;在桃花粉贮藏过程中,湿度是影响花粉生活力的主要因子,温度次之,光的影响甚微;以干燥、低温条件贮藏花粉为佳.     

不同贮藏条件对辣椒花粉生活力的影响

试验研究了不同贮藏条件下辣椒品种(保加利亚尖椒-2)花粉的贮藏效果,以及不同吸湿方法对辣椒花粉染色效果的影响.研究结果表明,随着贮藏时间的增加辣椒花粉的生活力逐渐降低;在低温3℃干燥条件下最有利于保持辣椒花粉的生活力:在30℃高温环境下花粉的染色效果最为明显.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.