浅谈闽江流域渔业资源增殖放流

渔业资源增殖放流是改善水域生态环境,恢复渔业资源、保护生物多样性和促进渔业资源可持续利用的重要途径之一.本文在分析研究闽江流域渔业资源及其增殖放流现状、存在问题的基础上对今后增殖放流工作提出六点建议.     

浅谈长江口区渔业资源增殖放流

进行鱼类育苗放流是改善水域生态环境、恢复渔业资源、保护生物多样性和促进可持续发展的重要途径。但是在各种水域如何选择和确定放流物种，对生态环境和渔业资源保护起着关键作用，本文对长江口区进行增殖放流过程中如何合理选择与安排放流鱼种提出意见．探讨不同生物在同一环境中共同互补生长，实现保持生态平衡、提高养殖效益，进行了可行性探讨。     

山东省海阳市渔业资源增殖放流概况

本文以山东省海阳市渔业资源增殖放流数据资料为依据,对海阳市近20年的渔业资源增殖放流工作开展情况进行了概括分析.经过多年渔业资源增殖放流工作的开展,海阳市增殖放流种类从最初的1种增加到现在的8种,年放流数量从3 000×104单位增加到7.25亿单位,种类包括中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)、日本对虾(P...     

有识志士分析：渔业资源增殖放流面临的问题

本刊讯：渔业资源增殖放流工作，我国渔业界十分重视。由于渔业资源增殖放流的历史较短，缺乏经验，与国外相比。仍面临诸多问题，主要体现在以下几个方面：     

石家庄市圆满完成2008年渔业资源增殖放流工作

11月20日-11月24日，石家庄市在河北省渔政处的监督指导下顺利完成了41700kg的渔业资源增殖放流任务。     

潍坊渔业资源增殖放流效果显著

根据回捕生产统计数据,截至10月份,潍坊市海洋捕捞产量26．0万t,同比增加28．9％,其中对虾捕捞产量60．62t,产值1．025亿元;梭子蟹捕捞产量1499．9t,产值5．95亿元。对虾、梭子蟹捕捞产量、产值均高于去年同期水平。今年开展的渔业资源增殖放流行动,对渔业资源恢复起到了极为重要作用,据海上作业的渔民反馈信息,捕捞产量明显好于上半年。     

浙江沿海渔业资源放流增殖的回顾与展望

本文对20世纪50年代以来浙江沿海渔业资源的放流和增殖(移植)工作进行了综述,总结了近20年来实施对虾、海蜇、石斑鱼、大黄鱼、黑鲷等增殖放流的经验和教训,并对存在的问题和今后的工作提出了建议。     

衡水湖进行大规模秋季渔业资源增殖放流

衡水湖以其秀丽的风光而倍受人们关注，治理和保护好衡水湖是衡水市委、市政府极为重视并努力做好的一项重要工作。     

海南省渔业资源增殖放流技术

海南地处热带亚热带,盛产水产名贵品种。上世纪80年代以后,随着近海捕捞强度的日益增加,致使渔业资源遭到严重破坏,有些品种濒临灭绝。为了修复渔业资源,近年来,海南省每年都举办渔业资源增殖放流活动,投放了大批优质渔业经济品种苗种,改善了海域渔业资源和鱼类种群结构,促进了渔业生产的发展。     

连续形Fox产量模型在模拟和实际渔业评估中的应用

剩余产量模型因为具有形式简单和所需数据少的特点,在渔业资源评估中被广泛应用。文章应用连续形Fox产量模型对3种模拟渔业以及北大西洋剑鱼渔业进行了评估,并对模拟渔业的评估结果进行了比较,以发现连续Fox产量模型比较适宜的渔业条件。蒙特卡罗（Monte Carlo）分析表明,模型在产量和捕捞努力量随时间波动的波动性渔业中评估效果最好,可能是由于该类型渔业过程比较完整,数据中包含的信息比较丰富。比较不同的白色噪音水平,当白色噪音小于10%时评估结果偏差较小,小于3.3%;当白色噪音为50%时,评估结果偏差较大,最大偏差为36.7%。     

渔业资源增殖放流的生态风险及其防控措施

渔业资源增殖放流作为国内外水生生物资源养护领域普遍采用的一种做法, 其在提升增殖种类资源量的同时, 也会给野生资源种类和增殖水域生态系统健康带来诸多生态风险。现阶段, 系统评价增殖放流的生态风险、实施有效的生态风险防控已成为构建负责任增殖放流模式的必然要求。本文从种群、群落和生态系统3个层面系统评述国内外渔业资源增殖放流生态风险研究领域的最新进展, 阐述相应的生态风险防控措施, 以期为我国渔业资源增殖放流的生态风险防控工作提供理论参考。

     

底栖动物增殖放流生态风险评价

为了评价底栖动物增殖放流过程中存在的生态风险,通过现场调查、已有文献资料分析和专家咨询,建立了以层次分析法为基础的生态风险评价体系。应用该体系对5种增殖放流的底栖动物进行了生态风险评价。研究表明,西施舌、紫海胆、韩国文蛤和泥东风螺为"中"风险等级;波纹巴非蛤为"低"风险等级。本研究可为今后增殖放流过程中的生态风险评价提供参考。     

基于营养通道模型的海州湾中国明对虾生态容纳量

通过增殖放流,增加优质渔业资源、改善种群结构是渔业资源养护的重要手段,而增殖生态容量的研究是科学实施增殖放流的前提。为确定海州湾中国明对虾的生态容纳量,根据2013年连云港海州湾渔业生态修复水域的调查资料,应用Ecopath with Ecosim(EwE)软件中的Ecopath模块,构建了该区域的生态系统能量流动简易模型,计算了放流种类中国明对虾的增殖生态容纳量。结果表明:系统各功能组营养级范围在1~4.42。系统总流量9335.191 t·km~(–2)·a~(–1),系统总初级生产力3892.630 t·km~(–2)·a~(–1),系统初级生产力与总呼吸量的比值为1.331,连接指数为0.415,杂食指数为0.174,Finn循环指数为11.4%,平均能流路径为2.8系统尚处于由衰竭状态向恢复状态转变,还未恢复到成熟态。中国明对虾不是本海域的关键种,当前中国明对虾的生物量为0.04 t·km–2·a–1,中国明对虾的生态容纳量为0.846 t·km~(–2)·a~(–1)。     

人工增殖放流技术的探讨

渔业资源增殖放流是指对野生鱼、虾、蟹和贝类等进行人工繁殖、养殖或捕捞天然苗种在人工条件下培育后,释放到渔业资源出现衰退的天然水域中,使其自然种群得以恢复的一种方法。增殖放流的目的在于保护濒危物种、增加渔业资源产量和修复生态环境,还具有培养渔民环保意识和增加渔民收入等多方面的重要意义。本文从苗种来源、标记方法、放流策略和效果评价四个方面总结了国内外增殖放流的技术,以期为今后的放流工作提供借鉴和参考。     

Coupling dynamic energy budget and population dynamic models to inform stock enhancement in fisheries management

Extensive applications of fishery stock enhancement worldwide bring up broad concerns about its negative effects, creating a pivotal need for science-based assessment and planning of enhancement strategies. However, the lack of mechanistic understanding of enhanced population dynamics, particularly the density-dependent processes, leads to compromise in model development and limits the capacity in predicting enhancement effects. Here, we developed an individual-based model based on dynamic energy budget theory and full life-history processes, to understand the mechanism of density dependence in population dynamics that emerge from individual-level processes. We demonstrated the utility of the model framework by applying it to an extensively enhanced species, Chinese prawn (Fenneropenaeus chinensis, Penaeidae). The model could yield projections reflecting the observed trajectory of population biomass and yields. The model also delineated the key effects of density dependence on the vital rates of growth, fecundity and starvation mortality. Regarding the manifold effects of stock enhancement, we demonstrated a dampened shape in population biomass and yields with increasing magnitude of enhancement, and trade-offs between the ecological and economic objectives, that is, pursuing high benefit might compromise the wild population without proper management. Furthermore, we illustrated the possibility of combining stock enhancement and harvest regulation in promoting population recovery while maintaining fisheries yields. We highlight the potential of the proposed model for understanding density dependence in enhancement programme, and for designing integrated management strategies. The approach developed herein may serve as a general approach to assess the population dynamics in stock enhancement and inform enhancement management.     

A new system for the culture and stock enhancement of sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka),in cofferdams

A new multilayer, plate‐type system for the culture and stock enhancement of sea cucumbers in cofferdam was developed. To optimize and evaluate the system, four experimental designs were implemented using polyethylene (PE)‐corrugated sheets of various colours, interval spacing and shapes/styles. Results showed that a system equipped with black PE‐corrugated sheets attracted more animals than either blue, green, transparent or a selection of mixed sheets (six transparent sheets in the upper layer and five black sheets in the lower layer) (P<0.05). Also, more animals gathered in the system with oblique‐angled sheets (30° to the base plate) than either a wavy (the bottom and every second sheet was at an angle of 10° to the base plate) or parallel arrangement (P<0.05), and more animals assembled in the system with 2 cm between sheets than spacings of 3, 4 or 5 cm (P<0.05). As expected, the upper layers of the systems attracted more animals than lower layers in most cases except for those with transparent and mixed oblique‐angled sheets with a 3 cm spacing (P<0.05). Thus, a system with black, oblique‐angled‐corrugated sheets and 2 cm spacing is recommended for Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) culture and stock enhancement in cofferdams or ponds.     

The fishery of the Ea Kao reservoir, southern Vietnam: a fishery based on a combination of stock and recapture, and self-recruiting populations

The present paper describes the fishery of the Ea Kao reservoir in south Vietnam. Historical data on the total production and total numbers of fish stocked were available from 1983 to 1996, and this information, together with the results of monthly monitoring of the fishery from June 1996 to December 1998, was used in the present study. A number of gears are used in the Ea Kao fishery, the most important being gill, lift and integrated nets, and beach seines. The fishery of Ea Kao is based on the annual stocking of advanced fry/early fingerlings of 0.3–1.0-g bighead carp, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson), silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Cuvier & Valenciennes) and rohu, Labeo rohita Hamilton, as well as the self-recruiting indigenous species Toxabramis houdemeri Pellegrin and two exotic species, i.e. Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), and common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. On average, the regularly stocked species contribute to 78% of total production, which has been around 400–450 kg ha⁻¹ in the last few years. The monthly peak catches of stocked species tend to coincide with the rainy season from May to October and the catches of self-recruiting species peak between February and April. A significant relationship ( P < 0.001) exists between the stocking density in year n (SD, n ha⁻¹) and the yield of stocked fish in year n + 1 ( Y , kg ha⁻¹):     

渔业资源增殖放流效果评估方法的研究

依据渔业资源评估原理,结合渔业资源增殖放流的特点,提出一套计算群体生物统计量进而评估渔业资源增殖放流效果的方法。选用渔业资源评估模型,估算未建立生长方程的增殖放流种类的生长参数及其自然死亡系数,以及增殖放流种类的合理放流数量。提出确认渔获物中来自放流种苗数量的方法。推导了计算捕捞死亡系数和按时间序列计算放流群体残存量、回捕量、回捕率和回捕效益等的公式。     

基于个体生态模型在渔业生态中应用研究进展

近年来, 基于个体的生态模型(individual-based model, IBM)被广泛应用到海洋生态环境中, 被认为可能是研究鱼类生态过程的唯一合理手段。基于个体生态模型以众多的生物个体为模拟对象, 考虑个体之间的差异、环境条件的时空变化对个体发育的影响,这一研究为基于生态系统的渔业管理, 以及资源补充量预测分析提供了科学的研究方法和手段。本文主要介绍了IBM的基本概念, 以及在渔业上的研究方法和技术, 总结了IBM在鱼类输运、生长死亡和捕食相关的应用研究现状以及IBM在渔业上未来发展趋势, 并对IBM在渔业上应用的问题和不足进行了分析和讨论。本论文的总结与分析将为国内开展我国近海鱼类早期生活史的研究, 以及基于生态系统的渔业资源评估管理提供参考。