瑞香狼毒根提取物防治菜粉蝶试验

采用盆载法和田间小区试验法,就瑞香狼毒（Ｓｔｒｌｌｅｒａ ｃｈａｍｅａｊａｓｍｅ Ｌ．）根乙醇提取物（简称ＳＣＥＥ）对菜粉蝶（Ｐｉｅｒｉｓ ｒａｐａｅ Ｌ．）的防效进行了试验,结果表明,ＳＣＥＥ对室外菜粉蝶有很好的防效。盆栽试验中,１．５％ＳＣＥＥ处理后１０ｄ保叶率达８９．８３％;田间小区试验中,１．５％ＳＣＥＥ处理２５ｄ的保叶率达９７．７６％。     

SO2对灰霉葡萄孢和交链孢的抑制作用

灰霉葡萄孢（Ｂｏｔｒｙｔｉｓｃｉｎｅｒｅａ）和交链孢（Ａｌｔｅｒａｒｉａｓｐ．）是鲜食葡萄采后贮运中的主要病原菌ＳＯ２能有效地控制它们引起的鲜食葡萄的采后腐烂,作者分别设定５０μｌ／Ｌ．１ｈ,１００μｌ／Ｌ．１ｈ,２００μｌ／Ｌ．０．５ｈ,２００μ／Ｌ．１ｈ和对照５个处理,研究了不同剂量的ＳＯ２对灰霉葡萄孢和交链孢的孢子,菌丝及所引起的腐烂的抑制作用,研究了不同剂量的ＳＯ２对灰霉葡萄孢和交链孢的孢     

球孢白僵菌混合制剂的加工研究

球孢白僵菌混合粉剂是由５１％的孢子粉、２０％紫外保护剂、２５％载体和４％的灭幼脲Ⅲ号,经正交设计优化配方得到。室内生物测定结果表明,此剂对３～４龄马尾松毛虫幼虫ＬＴ５０为５．７ｄ。林间放菌防效达７４．２７％。室温下贮藏０．５ａ,孢子萌发率比高孢粉剂提高１０倍以上。     

氟虫脲高效液相色谱分析

本文叙述了用ＨＰＬＣ法，采用ＳｐｈｅｒｉｓｏｒｂＣ１８柱，以甲醇，水和异丙醇为流动相，在２５２ｎｍ下检测，外标法定量分的５％氟虫脲油制剂，方法的线性相关性好，变异系数为０．５１％，回收率为９９．２６～１００．４％适于氟虫乳油制剂的分析。     

银杏炭疽病菌的鉴定和生物学特性的研究

对桂北地区银杏炭疽病菌进行分离鉴定,结果表明是胶孢炭疽菌「Ｃｏｌｌｅｔｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍ ｇｌｏｅｏｓｐｏｒｉｏｉｄｅｓ（Ｐｅｎｚ．）Ｓａｃｃ。」。该胶孢炭疽菌在１０～３５℃范围内,菌落能生长、分生孢子亦可萌发,适温范围均为２０～３０℃;分生孢子萌发需要高湿的条件,在ｒｈ＝１００％＋水滴的条件下分生孢子萌发良好,病菌在ｐＨ４．５～９．３的范围内均能生长,中性偏碱条件更有利。结构还表明,该炭疽菌在银杏     

球形芽直菌杀蚊毒素的作用方式和蚊虫的抗性特征

球形芽孢杆菌是一种对蚊幼虫有毒杀作用的好气芽孢杆菌。高毒力菌株在孢形成过程中能产生有５１．４和４１．９ｋＤａ蛋白组成的伴孢晶体。蚊幼虫取食芽孢／晶体混合物后,晶体蛋白被降解形成活性蛋白而结合到中肠上皮细胞的特异性结合位点上,最后导致蚊幼死亡;低毒力菌和部分高毒力菌株在其营养体生长阶段可产生可溶性的１００、３０．５和３８．５ｋＤａ的Ｍｔｘ毒素。该毒晶体毒素其它杀虫纱无同源性,其杀蚊人艇机理不祥。在实     

敌虱灵乳油的气相色谱分析

本文采用正十八烷和联苯为内标，５％ＳＥ－３０，ＳｈｉｍａｌｉｔｅＷ（ＡＷ－ＤＭＣＳ）（２０１Ｄ）６０－８０目为固定相，１．５ｍ玻璃柱，氢火焰离子化检测器，程序升温的方法，同时对敌虱灵乳油中有效成分敌敌畏、扑虱灵分离测定，其分离完全、峰形对称、重现性好、结果准确。     

甘肃省春蚕豆叶部病害病原鉴定及主要病害

经田间采集、分离培养、致病性测定及回接试验特等系列鉴定程序,认定了９种蚕豆叶部病原及太。其中尾孢轮番斑病（Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａ ｚｏｎａｔａ Ｗｉｎｔｅｒ）、灰葡孢赤斑病（Ｂｏｔｒｙｔｉｓ ｃｉｎｅｒｅａ Ｐｅｒｓ．ｅｔ Ｆｒ）和葡萄孢赤斑病（Ｂｏｔｒｙｔｉｓ ｆａｂａｅ Ｓａｒｄｉｎａ）为甘肃省主要流行病害,其发生特点和侵染条件基本一致,是制约甘肃春蚕豆发展的主要因素。此外,棒孢霉（Ｃｏｒｙｎｅ     

红叶卫生气雾杀虫剂中有效成分的气相色谱分析

本文介绍以邻苯二甲酸二壬酯为内标，用１ｍ×３．３ｍｍ（ｉ．ｄ．）玻璃柱，内装５％ＳＥ－３０涂于ＳｈｉｍａｌｉｔｅＷＡＷＤＭＣＳ６０～８０目担体，采用程序升温法，对气雾杀虫剂中的有效成分进行了定量测定。该方法简单、易行，符合定量要求。     

广东省稻瘟病菌生理小种的消长动态

１９９０～１９９７年,用中国稻瘟病菌鉴别寄主鉴定了广东省稻瘟病菌单孢菌株１５７４份,共鉴定出８群４３个生理小种。其中ＺＣ群一直是广东省的优势种群,其出现频率平均为５０２％;ＺＣ１３一直是优势小种,其出现频率平均为２７４％,其次是ＺＧ１（１８８％）、ＺＣ１５（１４５％）和ＺＢ１３（９１％）小种。不同地区不同年份优势小种的类型及其组成不同。     

库尔勒香梨主要病毒多重RT-PCR检测技术研究

 利用nad5基因作为内标系统,研究建立了库尔勒香梨上苹果茎痘病毒(ASPV)、苹果褪绿叶斑病毒(ACLSV)和苹果茎沟病毒(ASGV)等的RT-PCR检测技术,在此基础上研究建立了库尔勒香梨多重RT-PCR内标检测系统。并对回收的特异片段进行了克隆、鉴定和测序。测序结果表明:库尔勒香梨上的ACLSV与GenBank中D14996序列(日本苹果上的ACLSV分离物)中的6860~7536bp片段有116个碱基的差异,序列相似性为83.75%;库尔勒香梨上的ASPV与GenBank中D21828序列(德国梨脉黄病毒相关分离物)中的8869~9238bp片段有72个碱基的差异,序列相似性为79.5%;库尔勒香梨上的ASGV与GenBank中AB004063序列(日本ASGV分离物)中的6039~6311bp片段有21个碱基的差异,序列相似性为92.3%。     

落葵上发现短小杆菌属(Curtobacterium)一个新的致病变种

 1994年在江苏省南京及镇江地区新发现了落葵细菌性叶斑病,从病斑所分离的10个细菌菌株经柯赫氏法则验证,均确系该病的病原菌。采用形态观察、表型特征和生理生化特性测定、数值分析、血清学反应、细胞化学成分分析和DNAG+C mol%测定进行了鉴定,并与植物病原棒形细菌15个标准菌株进行了比较。该病原菌为革兰氏阳性细菌,不规则短杆状,有一根鞭毛,亚极生或侧生,结合其生理生化特性、细胞化学成分和DNAG+C mol%测定结果,认为应属于短小杆菌属(Curtobacterium)的萎蔫短小杆菌(Cur.flaccumfaciens),数值分析也支持这一结论。此外,据血清学反应结果及其对短小杆菌属的其它植物寄主的致病情况,认为该病原菌应是萎蔫短小杆菌种下一个新的致病变种,定名为Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv.basellae pv.nov.(萎蔫短小杆菌落葵致病变种)。     

Diversity analysis of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus-[potato], causing apical leaf curl disease of potato in India

The complete coat protein (cp) gene sequence of eighty Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus-[potato] (ToLCNDV-[potato]) isolates collected from eleven states were determined. Phylogenetic analysis based on cp gene grouped the isolates into two major clades (I & II) and they shared 95.9–100.0% identity. The DNA A and DNA B of eight representative isolates (six from clade I and two from clade II) were 2739–2740 and 2692–2694 nts long and shared 94.6–99.4% and 97.2–99.5% homology within the isolates, respectively. Among the eight isolates, the DNA A of two isolates (Clade II), GWA-5 and FAI-19 had 94.6–95.3% sequence identity to other six isolates and formed a sub-clade within the ToLCNDV-[potato] isolates. Similar grouping was also revealed with AC1 and AC4 genes of these eight isolates. The DNA A components shared more than 90.0% identity with the DNA A of ToLCNDV isolates from cucurbitaceous crops, tomato, bhendi, 89.0–90.0% with ToLCNDV-papaya isolates and 70.4–74.0% with other tomato leaf curl viruses. Hence, the begomovirus infecting potatoes are the ToLCNDV isolates, designated as ToLCNDV-[potato]. Whereas, the DNA B components shared 86.6–91.7% identity with ToLCNDV isolates from cucurbits, tomato and bhendi. Evidence for intra-species recombination was detected only in DNA A with a maximum of three events in GWA-5 and FAI-19 isolates. Analysis of cp gene, DNA A, iterons and recombination events clearly indicate that two groups of ToLCNDV-[potato] infects potato in India.     

Differentiation and quantification of the cereal eyespot fungi Tapesia yallundae and Tapesia acuformis using a PCR assay

Isolates of Tapesia yallundae and Tapesia acuformis were subjected to Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay. Amplification products common to isolates of either species were cloned and primers were generated from each sequence for use in conventional PCR. The primer pair derived from a T. yallundae specific RAPD marker amplified a product only from DNA of T. yallundae isolates and not from DNA of a range of other fungal species associated with the stem base disease complex of cereals. Similarly, the primer pair generated from a T. acuformis -specific RAPD marker amplifed a product only from DNA of T. acuformis isolates. Quantitative assays were developed for both species of Tapesia from these primer pairs, using competitive PCR . Competitive PCR was used to determine the level of colonization of seedlings by each species in glasshouse- and field-inoculated cereal hosts and results compared to those for conventional seedling disease assessment.     

BBTV两个株系DNA组分1的克隆及序列分析

 对在生物学特性特别是寄主范围上存在明显差异的NSP株系和NS株系的代表分离物(广州天河分离物和高州分离物)的DNA组分1进行了克隆和序列分析,结果表明:2个代表分离物的DNA组分1全序列、ORF及其编码的氨基酸序列的变异率分别为3.2%、3.1%和2.8%,从而进一步确证了可以用寄主范围来作上述2个株系的鉴定。此外,这2个株系的DNA组分1、ORF及其编码的氨基酸序列分别与肖火根等报道的中国(广东)分离物、以及亚洲组和南太平洋组各分离物进行比较,结果表明:NS株系与肖火根等报道的中国(广东)分离物的亲缘关系很密切;这2个株系与亚洲组各分离物的差异均较小,而与南太平洋组各分离物的差异均较大,它们应属亚洲组。     

Development of a PCR assay to detect Fusarium poae in wheat

Random amplified polymorphic DNA assays were carried out on a range of isolates of F. poae to identify markers common to all isolates. Two fragments were isolated, cloned and used to probe Southern blots of DNA from F. poae and isolates from a range of wheat seed and stem base pathogens. One fragment, which hybridized preferentially to DNA of F. poae was partially sequenced and two pairs of primers (Fp8 F/R and Fp82 F/R) were generated for use in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplification of target DNA occurred following PCR of all isolates of F. poae but not from any of a range of other fungal species associated with diseases of cereal ears and seed. The primer pair Fp82 F/R was used to detect F. poae in extracts from wheat seed samples contaminated with Fusarium species. This system offers the potential to determine the presence of F. poae in wheat and avoid problems commonly associated with conventional diagnosis of the disease and isolation of the pathogen.     

氰烯菌酯对禾谷镰孢菌的生物活性及其内吸输导性研究

氰烯菌酯(2-氰基-3-氨基-3-苯基丙烯酸乙酯,JS399-19) 是一种对禾谷镰孢菌具有专化活性的新型杀菌剂。研究表明,该药在离体条件下对禾谷镰孢菌Fusarium graminearum抗多菌灵菌株及野生敏感菌株的菌丝生长均有很高的抑制活性,平均EC50值分别为0.117±0.036和0.107±0.020 μg/mL 。氰烯菌酯不能抑制禾谷镰孢菌的分生孢子萌发,但能引起抗多菌灵菌株及敏感菌株的分生孢子萌发后的芽管畸形。活体条件下,氰烯菌酯灌根处理对小麦赤霉病有一定防效,在叶片间的输导性较差,不能被小麦穗颈吸收;该药在同一张叶片上仅表现为向上输导,对处理部位的下部几乎没有防效。用400 μg/mL氰烯菌酯和400 μg/mL多菌灵穗部喷雾处理前1 、2 、3 d接种禾谷镰孢菌分生孢子,氰烯菌酯对小麦赤霉病的防效分别为95%、75%和62%;处理后1 、2 、3 d 接种,防效分别为88%、78%和73%,而对照药剂多菌灵的防效较差。说明氰烯菌酯对小麦赤霉病有优异的保护和治疗作用,在禾谷镰孢菌对多菌灵已产生抗性的地区,氰烯菌酯可以作为一种很好的替代药剂用于防治小麦赤霉病。     

菲律宾稻瘟病菌生理小种中AVR-Pita及其同源基因的序列与功能分析

根据已克隆的AVR-Pita及其同源基因序列设计4对引物,对来自菲律宾的74个稻瘟病单孢菌株DNA进行PCR扩增和序列分析,研究了与水稻抗病基因Pi-ta互作的稻瘟病菌无毒基因AVR-Pita及其同源基因序列多态性与进化关系。结果显示,在42个菌株中扩增出AVR-Pita1基因目的条带,31个菌株中扩增出AVR-Pita3基因目的条带,55个菌株中扩增出AVR-Pita4基因目的条带,但所有供试菌株均未扩增出AVR-Pita2基因目的条带。对PCR产物进行测序分析,发现AVR-Pita1基因在菲律宾的生理小种中存在序列多态性,可划分为5个单倍型,共有10个多态性位点;AVR-Pita3和AVR-Pita4基因序列较保守,序列比对后没有发现多态性。对不同单基因系接种鉴定,发现除第3种AVR-Pita1单倍型外,含有AVR-Pita1单倍型1、2、4及5的生理小种均不能与Pi-ta基因互作,从而使Pi-ta单基因系IRBLta-CT2在接种后表现为感病。以上试验结果说明AVR-Pita1基因变异性较强,且序列改变后会导致基因功能的变化。     

瓜类褪绿黄化病毒山东分离物全基因组序列扩增及分析

为明确分离自山东省寿光市甜瓜上的瓜类褪绿黄化病毒(cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus,CCYV)分离物的全基因组序列信息和遗传变异情况,利用毛形病毒属Crinivirus简并引物进行RTPCR检测,利用RACE技术结合RT-PCR方法克隆CCYV山东分离物2条RNA链的全基因组序列,通过与GenBank中其它地区CCYV分离物的全长序列进行比对分析其同源性,并基于CP基因序列构建系统进化树分析其遗传变异情况。结果表明,山东分离物经RT-PCR检测和测序后确定为CCYV。CCYV山东分离物与其它CCYV分离物的RNA1链和RNA2链的全基因组序列一致性的平均值分别为99.82%和99.88%,且2条链的5′末端均比较保守,没有碱基突变的情况发生;RNA1链3′末端存在2个碱基变异,RNA2链3′末端存在1个碱基变异。CCYV不同地区分离物主要分为3个簇群,其中山东分离物和中国其它地区分离物、日本分离物、苏丹分离物、黎巴嫩分离物和塞浦路斯分离物聚类在一起。研究表明CCYV基因组序列比较保守,该病毒的分化可能与地理来源存在一定的相关性。     

Development and use of a PCR assay to detect Rhizoctonia cerealis, the cause of sharp eyespot in wheat

Random amplified polymorphic DNA assays were carried out on a range of isolates of Rhizoctonia cerealis to identify markers common to all isolates. Two fragments were isolated, cloned and used to probe Southern blots of DNA from R. cerealis and isolates from a range of anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solani. The two fragments hybridized specifically to DNA of R. cerealis and not to DNA of any of the isolates of R. solani. Both fragments were partially sequenced and two pairs of primers were generated for use in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplification of a fragment of the anticipated size occurred following PCR of all isolates of R. cerealis and not from any of a range of fungal species associated with disease of the stem base of cereals. The primer pairs for R. cerealis were also used, along with those for Microdochium nivale and W and R-type of Pseudocercosporell herpotrichoides , to deled these pathogens in extracts from field-grown wheat plants exhibiting symptoms of sharp eyespot, eyespot, foot rot or a combination of the diseases. No relationship was found between visual disease assessment of sharp eyespot at growth stage 37 and the results of PCR However, the results of PCR and visual disease assessment at growth stage 75 were similar, indicating that visual disease assessment may not be reliable until later growth stages. This system offers the potential to detect the presence of R. cerealis in cereals and avoid problems commonly associated with conventional diagnosis of this disease and isolation of the pathogen.