闽西地区规模化猪场猪瘟抗体水平的监测与分析

猪瘟是猪瘟病毒引起的一种高度接触性传染病,世界动物卫生组织(OIE)将其列为A类16种传染病之一,我国亦将其列为一类传染病,是发生最多、危害最大、流行最广的传染病.多年来我国采用免疫接种为主的防控措施,大大降低猪瘟的感染率和发病率,大规模的流行暴发已少见,但是由于疫苗质量不够稳定,免疫程序不合理,缺乏免疫监测,猪群免疫抑制性疾病的存在,以及免疫操作不当等因素,导致免疫失败,猪瘟仍然是危害我国猪群最严重的传染病,猪瘟的免疫防控成为规模化猪场疫病防控的基础和重点,所以对猪群的猪瘟抗体进行监测,及时掌握猪瘟疫苗的免疫状况,对防控该病具有重大的意义.     

不同厂家猪瘟疫苗免疫效果比对试验

为准确掌握汉中市规模猪场使用量最大的两种猪瘟疫苗在实际应用中的免疫效果,在规模猪场选择4窝体质健康、体重接近的仔猪,随机分成4组,每组10头,分别接种猪瘟脾淋苗和细胞苗,采用IHA方法检测免疫接种前后抗体效价。结果显示,用标准剂量免疫后,2种疫苗都不能对猪群产生保护作用,用2头份剂量在仔猪30日龄首免,首免后28d加强免疫,2种疫苗都能对猪群产生很好的保护作用,能满足预防猪瘟疫病的需要,同时猪瘟脾淋苗免疫后刺激机体产生抗体的速度快,可用于紧急免疫接种。广大养殖户可以根据实际情况,科学合理选择使用猪瘟疫苗。     

不同免疫程序对猪瘟活疫苗免疫效果的研究

为了解规模化猪场猪瘟疫苗免疫情况和猪瘟病毒感染情况,采用商业化ELISA试剂盒,对大庆市某规模化猪场530份血清样品分别进行猪瘟抗体水平和猪瘟病毒抗原检测。试验结果表明:经过二次免疫的猪群,猪瘟抗体阳性率为95.0%(115/121),比一次免疫的抗体阳性率66.1%(74/112)提高了28.9%,而且抗体水平整齐度较一次免疫显著提高。在530份受检猪只中,利用ELISA试剂盒检测血清中的猪瘟抗原,阳性检出率为0%,表明该猪场猪瘟病毒感染风险较低,对18份可疑样品用RT-PCR检测,没有检测出猪瘟病毒。研究表明,对当前的猪场仅仅实施一次免疫是不够的,只有实施二次免疫,才能获得较高的免疫抗体水平,有效地防控猪瘟疫病的发生。     

猪群保健应注意的几个方面

1做好免疫工作作好疫苗免疫接种是预防猪场疫病流行的重要措施。免疫程序的建立应因地制宜,既要考虑到本地区疫病的流行情况、母源抗体状况,又要考虑到仔猪、生长猪及育肥猪的发病日龄、发病季节和免疫间隔时间等因素以及以往疫苗免疫的效果。对猪瘟的免疫应做好母源抗体水平的监测,以确定首免时间。猪体自身对疫苗的免疫应答能力会随着猪的健康状     

鄂西北地区规模化猪场猪瘟、猪蓝耳病和猪口蹄疫血清抗体水平监测

对鄂西北地区46家规模化猪场采集的1 480、1 535和1 599份血清分别进行猪瘟、猪蓝耳病和猪口蹄疫抗体检测。结果:猪瘟、猪蓝耳病和猪口蹄疫抗体达到强阳性的比率分别为87.0%、50.6%和77.5%;抗体弱阳性的比率分别为10.7%、17.8%和17.0%;抗体阴性的比率分别为2.0%、31.6%和5.5%。统计分析显示,猪瘟、蓝耳病和口蹄疫达到群体免疫合格的猪场数分别为38家(82.6%),16家(34.8%)和36家(78.2%)。调查结果表明,鄂西北地区规模化猪场猪瘟和猪口蹄疫免疫效果较好,但不同猪场免疫效果差异较大,猪蓝耳病免疫状况不容乐观,应规范3种疫苗免疫和抗体检测计划,尤其要加强蓝耳病的有效免疫程序制定,以实现本地区有效控制猪瘟、猪蓝耳病和猪口蹄疫等疫病。     

规模猪场疫病实验室诊断分析实例

对某猪场送检的血清和病料进行了猪瘟、蓝耳病、伪狂犬病野毒抗体以及猪瘟、蓝耳病原的检测。结果表明,该场母猪猪瘟抗体水平很差;蓝耳病毒抗体水平较高,但为野毒感染产生;伪狂犬病毒抗体方面,有3份样本存在野毒抗体;保育猪没有猪瘟病毒感染,但蓝耳病毒检测结果为阳性。最后,笔者对该猪场的免疫情况以及发生的疫情进行了全面的分析讨论,提出了猪场疫苗免疫接种工作的思路与方法。     

规模化猪场猪瘟、猪蓝耳病抗体检测结果分析

为了解猪瘟、猪蓝耳病的免疫状况、评价免疫效果、制定合理免疫程序与防控措施。笔者于2014年分4次对某规模化猪场采血进行猪瘟、猪蓝耳病抗体检测。结果显示该场母猪的猪瘟、猪蓝耳病抗体水平合格;产房仔猪猪瘟抗体水平合格,猪蓝耳病抗体水平较低;保育阶段猪瘟和猪蓝耳病抗体水平均较低;育肥阶段猪瘟抗体水平较低,猪蓝耳病抗体水平偏高,且标准差大。结合该场免疫程序,表明仔猪的猪瘟首免日龄应根据抗体消长情况推迟,同时应考虑对仔猪免疫猪蓝耳病疫苗。     

猪蓝耳病免疫对猪瘟免疫效果影响的试验

猪瘟和猪蓝耳病是目前猪场重点防控的两种疾病,但两者免疫接种存在免疫干扰.试验通过猪瘟和猪蓝耳病不同的免疫程序免疫,4周后检测猪瘟抗体滴度,结果发现蓝耳病灭活苗对猪瘟免疫影响较小,而蓝耳病弱毒苗和猪瘟疫苗同时免疫影响最大,差异达到显著或极显著水平,蓝耳病弱毒苗和猪瘟疫苗先后间隔7d免疫效果差异不显著.     

3种疫苗单独和联合免疫对猪抗体水平的影响

在猪养殖的过程中，可能会遇到许多疫病的影响。在这些疫病中，猪口蹄疫、猪瘟以及猪繁殖与呼吸综合征最为常见，这3种疫病会对猪的健康造成一定的影响，甚至造成猪的大量死亡，带来巨大的经济损失。通过注射疫苗在猪体内形成抗体是免疫的主要方式，决定免疫效果的主要因素是疫苗对猪体内抗体水平的影响。本文将对3种猪的主要疫苗单独及联合免疫对猪抗体水平的影响进行分析。     

猪瘟疫苗不同接种剂量免疫抗体水平监测试验报告

猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒感染猪而引起的一种急热性、高度传染性疫病,以其流行广泛、传染性强、病死率高而长期威胁着养猪业的1健康发展。近几年我市春秋两季免疫抗体集中监测中,猪瘟抗体合格率均低于口蹄疫、禽流感、新城疫,并且养殖户在使用猪瘟活疫苗时,免疫接种剂量随意性很大,有的严格按照疫苗说明接种1头份,有的盲目加大剂量,接种4-8头份不等。为了探索猪瘟免疫不同接种剂量的抗体效价水平,制定合理的免疫程序提供数据支持,指导养殖户对猪瘟进行科学免疫,开展了本次试验研究。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …