黄瓜采后生理变化及贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

黄瓜口感鲜脆,水分含量高,营养丰富,是中国广泛栽培并深受大众喜爱的一种重要鲜食果蔬。但黄瓜采后易发生感官品质下降、营养损耗、微生物感染等问题,进而加速黄瓜腐败变质,使其失去经济价值。因此,适宜的保鲜技术对黄瓜品质劣变进行调控显得尤为重要。本研究着重论述了黄瓜采后生理变化机制,归纳总结了常规传统保鲜技术和当今保鲜领域热点研究对黄瓜贮藏品质的影响,旨在强调联合保鲜技术的优势。最后对现有黄瓜保鲜存在的问题及未来的发展方向进行了分析和展望。     

草莓保鲜技术研究进展

从物理保鲜、化学保鲜、生物保鲜三个方面综述了草莓保鲜技术的研究进展,分析了各种技术对草莓贮藏品质的影响,展望了草莓贮藏保鲜的研究方向,以期为我国草莓贮藏保鲜研究提供理论借鉴。     

杨梅产地保鲜处理与新型贮运包装的研究及应用

杨梅果实代谢旺盛、含水率高且无外果皮保护,在采收、运输和销售过程中易遭受机械损伤及霉菌侵染,进而导致其品质劣变,严重制约杨梅产业的发展.本文概述了产地保鲜技术(保鲜剂、预冷、短波照射以及静电场等)和贮运包装(减震包装、气调包装和蓄冷包装)对杨梅鲜果采后品质的影响,通过分析引起杨梅品质劣变的主要因素,提出"低温环境"+"缓震处理"+"气调技术"三维一体的栅栏保鲜技术将成为杨梅鲜果的保鲜研究重点.     

黄花菜采后生理特性及保鲜技术研究进展

鲜黄花菜的营养品质高,但容易腐烂变质,不耐贮藏,极大地制约了其鲜食品质的提升和产业发展。对黄花菜采后生理特性和保鲜技术的研究现状进行了综述,并从保鲜技术优化和基因工程技术研究等方面对黄花菜贮藏特性改良研究方向进行了展望,旨在为黄花菜保鲜技术研发和产业发展提供参考。     

大米储藏保鲜技术现状及研究进展

在简要介绍大米储藏过程中品质下降机理及其影响因子的基础上,重点比较分析了大米的常用储藏方法（包括：常温储藏、低温储藏、气调储藏、化学储藏）和保鲜包装新技术（如：60Co和电子加速器辐照保鲜、纳米保鲜膜保鲜技术、生物源保鲜剂保鲜技术、微波处理技术等）,并结合大米储藏的发展趋势,提出了大米储藏保鲜技术的研究方向。     

鲜切果蔬贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

鲜切果蔬以其新鲜度高、方便、安全等优点,深受消费者的喜爱,但鲜切果蔬在贮藏、销售过程中的品质下降严重影响了其商业价值,保鲜技术的应用可有效减缓品质的下降,保证其产品的商业价值。本文重点介绍了鲜切果蔬的保鲜技术,主要包括物理保鲜、化学保鲜、生物保鲜等,以期为今后更深入地研究提供借鉴与参考。     

葡萄采后生物保鲜技术研究进展

综述了国内外应用于鲜食葡萄采后生物保鲜剂的种类、保鲜机理及其应用技术,包括对葡萄果实采后病原菌的抑制和品质调控作用,并对其应用进行了展望,旨在为完善葡萄生物保鲜技术和服务于生产提供参考.     

生菜采后保鲜技术研究现状

生菜营养物质丰富,具有一定的保健功能,整颗销售及鲜切生菜是其主要的消费方式,但生菜呼吸作用与蒸腾作用旺盛,采后容易失水萎蔫、褐变、腐烂,导致其采后营养品质降低,货架期缩短,严重影响商品价值。本文系统介绍了生菜的物理保鲜技术(低温保鲜技术、保鲜包装技术、光控保鲜技术、控压保鲜技术、热处理)和化学保鲜技术,并对其未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

鲜食枣采后生理及保鲜技术研究现状

鲜食枣营养丰富,口感俱佳,深受人们喜爱,但其贮藏期短,严重影响了鲜食枣的食用品质和商品价值,制约了鲜食枣产业发展,研究鲜食枣采后生理及保鲜技术是近年来果品保鲜领域的热点。对近年来鲜食枣采后生理及保鲜技术研究成果进行综述,旨在为鲜食枣采后理论研究提供方法和思路,为保鲜技术研究提供科学依据,促进我国鲜食枣产业更好地发展     

常用贮藏保鲜技术对鲜枣货架期的影响

介绍了常用的几种鲜枣贮藏保鲜技术,分析了几种保鲜技术对鲜枣果实货架期品质的影响,并结合试验分析结果阐述了当前鲜枣果实货架期保鲜技术发展现状,对延长鲜枣货架期保鲜技术提出了若干建议。     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Variation in forage grasses as hosts of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne naasi (Franklin) and selection for resistance in ryegrass

Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes.     

Current and future strategies in breeding lentil for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...