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花生褐斑病和网斑病田间混发流行过程及其产量损失研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
通过田间小区人工接种试验,分析比较了花生褐斑病和网斑病单独及混合发生的流行过程及对花生产量损失的影响。结果表明,在病害混发初期,病害间无明显的相关性,随着病情加重,病害间的负相关性逐渐增大并达到显著水平,说明病害间有明显的抑制作用。在不同生育期接种发病情况有所差异,在开花初期和盛花期接种,褐斑病和网斑病的病情较重,而在开花末期接种的病情较轻,但都能表现病害间的抑制作用。病害混发时造成的产量损失小于各病害单独造成损失之和,对白沙1016和四粒红接种2种病菌,病害混合发生所造成产量损失约为各病害单独引起损失之和的77.2% ~ 85.7%和76.1% ~ 79.6%。在不同生育期接种2种病菌,2个品种产量的损失均随着侵染时期的推迟而逐渐降低。 相似文献
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近年来,玉米弯孢菌叶斑病在河南驻马店、周口、漯河、南阳等地市发生日趋严重,已严重阻碍了当地玉米生产发展,一般减产15%~20%,发生严重的减产50%以上。1玉米弯孢菌叶斑病发病特点与危害状1.1发病晚,蔓延迅速据在驻马店、周口、漯河等市农业科学研究所玉米试验地和玉米大田的调查,玉米弯孢菌叶斑病在玉米抽雄散粉后的8月初开始发病,然后迅速蔓延,到8月中下旬达到高峰,许多感病品种叶片布满病斑,严重的到8月下旬即枯死。1.2病害相互交织发生在玉米成株中后期的两大病害—玉米弯孢菌叶斑病和玉米锈病几乎同时发病,相互交织在一起,在玉米试验田… 相似文献
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四川部分地区发生玉米弯孢菌叶斑病 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
20世纪 80年代末、90年代初 ,我国华北和东北主要玉米产区 ,普遍发生一种玉米新病害弯孢菌叶斑病 ,造成玉米损失 10 %~ 30 % ,引起植保部门、玉米育种单位和种子部门的高度重视。近年本所在进行玉米抗病性鉴定同时 ,调查了该病在四川省的发生情况。1 弯孢菌叶斑病在四川省的发展趋势1999年 7月全国玉米综防攻关专题组考察西南片区时 ,在雅安市草坝镇的川单 15号品种上发现拟似弯孢菌叶斑病病叶 ,经分离鉴定为玉米弯菌菌[Curvularialumata (Wakker)Boedijn],沈阳农业大学对此病样的分离结果 ,也证实为弯孢菌… 相似文献
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甜瓜真菌性叶斑病作为多种病原真菌引起的甜瓜叶部斑点病害的统称,主要包括链格孢菌引起的甜瓜叶枯病、甜瓜黑斑病和甜瓜大斑病,瓜类尾孢引起的甜瓜斑点病,瓜灰星霉菌引起的甜瓜叶点病以及棒孢霉引起的甜瓜棒孢叶斑病.针对这几种真菌性叶斑病的病害症状、发生为害、病原菌种类、病害循环及其综合防治进行了综述. 相似文献
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防治玉米叶斑病高效药剂筛选及药剂减施增效技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为有效防治玉米小斑病和弯孢叶斑病并减少化学农药使用量,本研究采用菌丝生长速率法从11种杀菌剂中选取抑菌效果较好的8种药剂进行田间小区药效试验。同时选取对两种叶部病害兼具防效的最佳药剂再与中量元素水溶肥、腐植酸、氨基寡糖素、芸苔素内酯等产品混配开展田间药效试验,确定该药剂田间施用浓度和增效组合。结果显示,各供试药剂对2种病菌菌丝生长具有不同的抑制作用,其中25%丙环唑EC、25%戊唑醇WP、40%氟硅唑EC、30%氟菌唑WP、12.5%烯唑醇WP在供试各浓度下对2种病菌抑制率均为100%,田间小区药效筛选测定中,25%戊唑醇WP防治效果最好,对玉米小斑病和弯孢叶斑病两种叶部病害防效分别为81.07%和72.22%。田间试验中,25%戊唑醇WP防治玉米小斑病和弯孢叶斑病的最佳施用浓度为2 000倍液,防效分别为59.48%和53.96%。在减量50%情况下防效有所下降,配施氨基寡糖素后,防效可提高37.40百分点和22.98百分点,与最佳施用浓度防效相当,达到了减药增效的作用。 相似文献
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平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)和弯孢属(Curvularia)真菌可引起多种玉米叶斑病。为了解当前玉米生产上此类病害的发生情况,2014年8-9月对我国玉米主产区北京、河北、河南、黑龙江和吉林5省市玉米上疑似由该两属真菌引起的叶部病斑样品进行了采集,随后进行了真菌的分离和鉴定。共采集样品42份,根据其形状特点归为4类:长条形、椭圆形、小点状和梭形病斑。经组织分离获得平脐蠕孢属和弯孢属真菌28株,基于形态学和rDNA-ITS序列的系统发育分析共鉴定出5个种:玉蜀黍平脐蠕孢(B.maydis)、玉米平脐蠕孢(B.zeae)、玉米生平脐蠕孢(B.zeicola)、新月弯孢(C.lunata)和穂状弯孢(C.spicifera)。从长条形病斑和椭圆形病斑上分离到的主要是B.maydis和B.zeicola,从小点状病斑分离到的主要是C.lunata,其次是B.zeae。分离出C.lunata的样品病斑较为稀疏、颜色略浅、呈苍白色,分离出B.zeae的样品病斑更为密集、颜色较深。从梭型病斑分离到的是C.spicifera。有少数样品可分离到上述两种菌。采用孢子悬浮液喷雾法对温室玉米苗接种,上述5种真菌均可致病。以接种B.maydis发病最快,发病最重;接种B.zeicola、C.lunata或C.spicifera发病较慢,症状明显;接种B.zeae发病最慢,仅引起小点状病斑。研究结果可为玉米叶斑病的正确诊断提供资料和依据。 相似文献
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玉米新月弯孢叶斑病研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
玉米弯孢叶斑病是一种世界性玉米病害,也是中国玉米产区的主要病害之一。20多年来,国内外在该病害发生规律、致病性分化与诱导抗性机理、生物防治技术等方面开展了深入研究。本文主要就该病害优势致病菌新月弯孢菌 [Curvularia lunata (Wakker)Boedijn]的生物学特性、致病因子与生理分化机理、毒素结构鉴定、毒素合成与调控、诱导抗病性分子机理等方面的研究进展进行综述,以期对玉米弯孢叶斑病防控技术的创新提供参考。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Gray leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercospora zeae-maydis, causes considerable yield losses in hybrid maize grown in the north-central United States and elsewhere. Nonchemical management tactics have not adequately prevented these losses. The probability of profitably using fungicide application as a management tool for gray leaf spot was evaluated in 10 field experiments under conditions of natural inoculum in Iowa. Gray leaf spot severity in untreated control plots ranged from 2.6 to 72.8% for the ear leaf and from 3.0 to 7.7 (1 to 9 scale) for whole-plot ratings. In each experiment, fungicide applications with propiconazole or mancozeb significantly reduced gray leaf spot severity. Fungicide treatment significantly (P = 0.05) increased yield by as much as 1.65 t/ha with a single propiconazole application. There were significant (P < 0.05) correlations between gray leaf spot severity and yield. We used a Bayesian inference method to calculate for each experiment the probability of achieving a positive net return with one or two propiconazole applications, based on the mean yields and standard deviations for treated and untreated plots, the price of grain, and the costs of the fungicide applications. For one application, the probability ranged from approximately 0.06 to more than 0.99, and exceeded 0.50 in six of nine scenarios (specific experiment/hybrid). The highest probabilities occurred in the 1995 experiments with the most susceptible hybrid. Probabilities were almost always higher for a single application of propiconazole than for two applications. These results indicate that a single application of propiconazole frequently can be profitable for gray leaf spot management in Iowa, but the probability of a profitable application is strongly influenced by hybrid susceptibility. The calculation of probabilities for positive net returns was more informative than mean separation in terms of assessing the economic success of the fungicide applications. 相似文献
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Wen-Li Cui Xiao-Qiang Lu Jin-Yue Bian Xi-Ling Qi De-Wei Li Lin Huang 《Plant pathology》2020,69(6):1139-1147
Curvularia includes plant pathogenic species with a worldwide distribution and a wide host range, particularly cereals and grass (Poaceae). Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is an important afforestation tree species in southern China, with a high economic value. Leaf blight disease on Chinese fir was discovered in Hunan and Zhejiang, China, and two fungal species were found to be associated with the symptoms. Using morphological and phylogenetic approaches, they were identified as Curvularia spicifera and Curvularia muehlenbeckiae. They were determined to be the pathogens by fulfilling Koch's postulates. Both showed a pathogenicity on Citrus reticulata and Citrus tangerina, which have a similar geographic distribution to Chinese fir. The similar geographic distribution of these hosts may increase the risk of disease. Based on a literature review, leaf blight caused by C. spicifera and C. muehlenbeckiae is recorded here on a gymnosperm for the first time. 相似文献