Soil slips on weathering-limited slopes underlain by coarse-grained granite or fine-grained gneiss near Seoul,Republic of Korea

The chemical, mineral, physical, and mechanical properties of two soil layers on soil-slip scars in slopes underlain by coarse-grained granite and fine-grained granitic gneiss near Seoul, Republic of Korea, were examined. Our aim is to study the effect of the mineral grain size of the bedrock on the soil layer structure and the return period of shallow soil slips. Because of the coarser slope materials in granite resulting from weathering, the permeability is larger and the weathering front has a copious water supply; also, because of the smaller specific surface area of the minerals, restricted leaching produces grus from the bedrock, so that the rate of formation of soil (and in particular the slip plane) due to chemical weathering is faster. Since, on granite slopes, the leaching proceeds toward the surface, the sliding plane is deeper with coarser soft grus, resulting in the existence of a minimum c value in the soil layer. On gneiss slopes, by contrast, leaching cannot proceed with decreasing soil depth, and the sliding plane is deeper with finer soft grus just above hard grus and has similar c and ϕ values as the upper soft grus because the grain size of both soils is the same. In the granite soil layers, the sliding plane corresponds to the minimum shearing resistance, whereas in the gneiss soil layers, the shearing resistance increases gradually with soil depth, and the sliding plane is formed when the weathering front is located deeper. Because of the faster soil formation rate and the shallower slip depth in granite slopes, the return period of occurrence of soil slips should be shorter in granite slopes than in gneiss slopes.     

Drivers of soil erosion and subsurface loss by soil leakage during karst rocky desertification in SW China

As an extreme manifestation of environmental degradation, karst rock desertification is caused by soil loss and rock exposure. In some areas with serious rocky desertification, there is no soil to be eroded or leaked. The soil loss in these areas superimposes soil erosion and unique subsurface loss by soil leakage through fissures, pipelines, sinkholes, etc., which directly reduce soil resources and accelerate rocky desertification. However, the factors driving soil erosion and subsurface loss by soil leakage are still unclear. Rainfall experiments were conducted on simulated slopes with surface-exposed bedrock and subsurface fissures based on field investigations in a karst rocky desertification area of Guizhou Province, China. Four factors, including rainfall intensity, slope gradient, bedrock exposure rate and subsurface fissure degree, were considered in the experiment. We found that the amount of soil surface erosion and subsurface leakage loss is driven not only by the runoff volume but also by other influential factors. Rainfall intensity is the driving factor determining the amount of surface erosion and subsurface leakage loss of soil and water and the relationship between them. The slope gradient plays a leading role only in subsurface fissure flow leakage loss. The bedrock exposure rate drives the surface soil erosion rate, shows a critical value (30%), and dominates the fissure flow leakage loss rate. Subsurface fissure density plays an important role in the surface loss of soil and water; however, an increase in the subsurface fissure density does not obviously accelerate the subsurface leakage loss of soil and water. Although this result, obtained from laboratory simulations, may differ at the field scale or larger, it could provide a foundation for systematic studies on soil erosion/leakage and insights into the relations between rocky desertification and soil erosion/leakage and their driving factors in karst rocky desertification.     

湿干循环下膨胀土渠道边坡的破坏模式及稳定性

针对北疆地区膨胀土渠道因季节性通水导致的边坡失稳破坏问题,通过建立简化地质条件的离心模型试验,得到了湿干循环下膨胀土渠道边坡的变形及破坏特征,提出了由渠道通水、停水引起的湿干循环下膨胀土渠道边坡的破坏模式;在此基础上,利用GeoStudio软件分析了不同裂隙分布形式对膨胀土渠道边坡渗流特性及稳定性的影响。结果表明:运行过程中渠基膨胀土开裂是引起渠道边坡发生浅层失稳破坏的决定性因素;渠道因季节性通水造成的湿干循环作用下膨胀土渠道边坡破坏模式主要由“子土块”剥落破坏及“后缘张拉裂隙的扩展”2种破坏相互混合叠加构成。对比数值模型中不同后缘裂隙深度下渠坡的安全系数可知,当裂隙贯穿区深度为0.5 m时(工况1),对应的安全系数下降幅度约为60%,但此时的安全系数仍较大,渠坡可视为稳定;而当裂隙贯穿区深度继续增加至1 m时,渠道的安全系数下降幅度达到约74%,此刻的安全系数接近一级安全等级阈值(1.25),渠坡虽仍为稳定,但已经具备了失稳的可能。边坡的浅层破坏主要由“子土块”剥落模式决定,而后缘张拉裂隙的扩展对渠坡的失稳起到促进作用。此外,数值模拟结果还显示裂隙的存在加剧了坡面表层土体的孔压波动,易造成表层“子土块”的剥落。研究成果为进一步揭示季节性通水诱发的膨胀土渠道灾变提供了参考依据。     

日本北海道地区森林、牧场、草原和玉米田温室气体排放及模型研究

Information on the most influential factors determining gas flux from soils is needed in predictive models for greenhouse gases emissions.We conducted an intensive soil and air sampling along a 2 000 m transect extending from a forest,pasture,grassland and corn field in Shizunai,Hokkaido (Japan),measured CO 2 ,CH 4 ,N 2 O and NO fluxes and calculated soil bulk density (ρ b ),air-filled porosity (f a ) and total porosity (Φ).Using diffusivity models based on either f a alone or on a combination of f a and Φ,we predicted two pore space indices: the relative gas diffusion coefficient (D s /D o ) and the pore tortuosity factor (τ).The relationships between pore space indices (D s /D o and τ) and CO 2 ,CH 4 ,N 2 O and NO fluxes were also studied.Results showed that the grassland had the highest ρ b while f a and Φ were the highest in the forest.CO 2 ,CH 4 ,N 2 O and NO fluxes were the highest in the grassland while N 2 O dominated in the corn field.Few correlations existed between f a ,Φ,ρ b and gases fluxes while all models predicted that D s /D o and τ significantly correlated with CO 2 and CH 4 with correlation coefficient (r) ranging from 0.20 to 0.80.Overall,diffusivity models based on f a alone gave higher D s /D o ,lower τ,and higher R 2 and better explained the relationship between pore space indices (D s /D o and τ) and gases fluxes.Inclusion of D s /D o and τ in predictive models will improve our understanding of the dynamics of greenhouse gas fluxes from soils.D s /D o and τ can be easily obtained by measurements of soil air and water and existing diffusivity models.     

Soil degradation due to erosion under furrow irrigation

It is found that the differentiation and degradation of soil depend on surface slope, water flow rate, and furrow length. The development of irrigation erosion on irrigated areas results in the formation of three zones: erosion, stabilization, and accumulation. The high slopes of irrigated plots favor an intense erosion-accumulation process. Depending on the surface slope and the water flow rate, 0.48–19.40 t of soil is washed away from 1 ha. Irrigation erosion affects the density and porosity of soils, and erosion on the slope is enhanced during the differentiation of soil varieties. The texture of soils becomes coarser in the upper erosion region and finer in the aggraded varieties. On the basis of the quantitative assessment of soil erosion rate, the possible losses in dry matter, humus, and essential nutrients are calculated, as well as their removal with water flows.     

基于原型观测与DEM的强风化花岗岩小流域水文过程模拟

为了解华南花岗岩小流域特殊的产流机制,以土壤为砂壤土、基岩为强风化花岗岩的中山大学珠海校区滨海小流域作为研究对象,观测了2个分别代表森林、灌丛覆盖的5 m×10 m的径流试验场的产流过程和土壤含水率变化过程。观测结果表明超渗产流、优先流是试验场的重要产流方式,壤中流（尤其是在土壤-基岩界面上产生的壤中流）对试验场的总产流量也有较大贡献。在径流试验场原型观测基础上,建立了一个基于数字高程模型（DEM）的、包括地表径流、壤中流和基岩裂隙出流的三水源小流域水文模型。利用9次降雨径流过程对模型参数进行率定,利用4次降雨径流过程进行验证,模型的率定、验证均取得了良好的拟合效果。根据模型的模拟结果,在径流的起涨阶段地表产流贡献最大,而基岩裂隙出流对退水过程贡献明显。综合试验场原型观测结果与模型模拟结果得出结论：明显的壤中流和基岩裂隙出流是华南花岗岩小流域显著的产流特点。     

坡向和坡位对小流域梯田土壤有机碳、氮变化的影响

坡向和坡位是影响土壤有机碳（SOC）和全氮（TN）变化的两大重要地形因素。研究其对小流域梯田SOC和TN变化的影响,对预测黄土高原地区坡改梯条件下土壤碳汇变化具有重要意义。本文以黄土丘陵沟壑区高泉沟小流域为例,区分东、西两种坡向,再根据海拔区分上（2220～2326 m）、中（2130～2220 m）、下（1938～2130 m）三种坡位,共采集213个土壤样品,研究坡向、坡位对梯田耕层（0～20 cm）SOC和TN的影响。结果表明,西向坡SOC和TN含量分别比东向坡高22.8%和13.6%（p0.1）,东西向坡的中、下坡位SOC和TN含量均大于上坡位。在西向坡,SOC含量下坡位（8.78 g/kg）最高,中坡位（7.82 g/kg）次之,上坡位（7.46 g/kg）最低;与上坡位相比,中坡位和下坡位的TN含量提高了12.1%,24.2%。在东向坡,SOC含量中坡位（7.15 g/kg）最高,下坡位（6.28 g/kg）次之,上坡位（5.37 g/kg）最低;与上坡位相比,中坡位和下坡位的TN含量提高了37.3%,29.4%。坡向与坡位的交互作用对流域SOC的空间分布影响显著（p0.1）。坡向、坡位对土壤碳氮比值（C/N）也有显著影响（p0.1）。这一结果对准确估算流域梯田SOC和TN的变化提供了参考。     

公路石质边坡喷播绿化植被的降雨、灌溉水分分配特征

为提高边坡水分利用效率,通过客土喷播的方式人工模拟公路石质边坡,观测坡体表面土壤裂隙发育情况及地表径流、底层渗漏及土壤储存等水分分配过程,分析灌溉及降雨条件下的坡面水分分配特征。结果表明:坡体表面形成的土壤裂隙分布不均匀,呈现由坡顶至坡底逐渐减少的趋势,且阳坡不同坡位的裂隙总面积均大于阴坡;不同坡向坡体灌溉水分分配特征存在一定差异,阳坡0.02%的水分通过坡上植被蒸散消耗,7.00%的灌溉用水沿着坡面运动形成地表径流,10.00%的灌溉水分转化为底层渗漏量,53.00%的灌溉水分被土壤储存;阴坡植物蒸散、地表径流、底层渗漏及土壤储存水分的比例分别为0.01%,35.00%,0.25%和39.00%;随着植被覆盖度的增加,灌溉产生的地表径流减少,土壤储存水分增大;降雨强度对坡面水分分配特征具有显著影响,在小雨强条件下,约95.00%的降雨被土壤储存,底层渗漏量、地表径流分别在中雨强及大雨强条件下达到最大值;在不同雨强下,阴坡的地表径流是阳坡的1.1~3.0倍,阳坡的底层渗漏量大于阴坡且阳坡较阴坡具有更高的水分利用效率。该结果可为公路边坡植被恢复过程中水分的有效利用提供依据。     

模拟自然降雨条件下植物根系增强边坡土体抗剪强度特征

该研究以位于青藏高原东北部黄土区的西宁盆地作为试验区,采用柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii Kom.)、霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylon(Bunge)Maxim.)、垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans Griseb.)、细茎冰草(Agropyron trachycaulum(Linn.)Gaertn.)的单播种植,以及柠条锦鸡儿分别与细茎冰草、垂穗披碱草混播种植等2种方式,开展了原位模拟降雨试验并采用直接剪切试验,系统分析了模拟降雨试验前后试验区边坡表层以下3个不同位置处复合体抗剪强度大小及其随深度变化规律。结果表明:模拟降雨试验前,由柠条锦鸡儿与细茎冰草、垂穗披碱草混播的边坡a层(0~20 cm)根-土复合体黏聚力分别为19.5、18.9 k Pa,均较相同条件下单播边坡a层复合体黏聚力大;混播种植边坡各层根-土复合体黏聚力均较模拟降雨试验后裸坡a层土体黏聚力大,其中柠条锦鸡儿与细茎冰草混播边坡、垂穗披碱草混播边坡模拟降雨试验后,a层复合体黏聚力分别较裸坡a层黏聚力的增幅为30.65%~56.45%;柠条锦鸡儿、霸王、垂穗披碱草、细茎冰草单播边坡b层复合体黏聚力增幅为4.17%~38.89%;柠条锦鸡儿分别与细茎冰草、垂穗披碱草混播边坡b层黏聚力增幅为29.17%~34.72%;边坡c层土体黏聚力增幅相对不及a层、b层显著,反映了草本起到浅层加筋作用,灌木则起到深部锚固作用。     

侵蚀性风化花岗岩坡地土壤发育特性

采用CT扫描技术、X射线荧光光谱仪化学全量分析和实验室土壤理化特性测试方法,对浙江省典型风化花岗岩坡地土壤发育的主要物理指标、化学风化系数及风化强度进行了测量计算,分析了侵蚀环境下不同地貌部位的土壤发育特征。结果表明:坡地土壤的发育程度较弱,土壤分层不明显,不同地貌部位的土壤风化发育程度排序为坡底<坡中<坡顶,与坡面侵蚀强度的排序正好相反。土壤物理风化指标随土层深度增加的变化规律较强,脱硅富铝化过程随着剖面深度的增加越来越弱,物理风化指标和化学风化指标具有同等作用的表征效果,不同于当地地带性土壤发育中以化学风化为主的特性。水力侵蚀强烈地区的最大风化强度位于20-40 cm处,推得水力侵蚀对土壤发育的影响深度为0-40 cm。     

冻融作用对坡面侵蚀及泥沙颗粒分选的影响

为了探究冻土和解冻土对水力侵蚀的影响,利用室内模拟降雨试验对冻土和解冻土两种坡面的坡面侵蚀过程及泥沙颗粒分选特征进行了研究。结果表明:在降雨条件下,相对于解冻坡面(TS),冻土坡面(FS)的产流时间提前了173s,而产流量、产沙量分别增加了9%和105%;两种坡面侵蚀过程中的土壤颗粒平均重量直径(MWD)大小次序均为溅蚀颗粒径流冲刷泥沙颗粒,且冻土坡面溅蚀颗粒及冲刷泥沙颗粒MWD均显著大于解冻土坡面(p0.05);随着降雨进行,解冻土坡面侵蚀泥沙中的黏粒、细粉粒含量呈先迅速增大后减少的趋势;粗粉粒和砂粒含量则呈先减小后增大的趋势,侵蚀泥沙逐渐向粗颗粒发展;而冻土坡面各粒级颗粒随时间变化相对稳定。研究成果可为进一步揭示冻融作用下坡面水力侵蚀机理提供一定的参考依据。     

采煤塌陷裂缝对降雨后坡面土壤水分的影响

为探究采煤塌陷裂缝对坡面储蓄降水的影响,本文对降雨后不同坡向上裂缝两侧的不同土层水分动态变化特征进行了研究。结果表明:降雨主要补充坡面地表0~20 cm土层土壤水分,且在雨后0~20 cm土层土壤水分散失也较为严重;雨后阴坡土壤含水率最高,0~10cm、10~20cm和20~40 cm土层土壤水分差异显著(p0.05)。降雨结束8 d后,裂缝附近的土壤水分变化幅度较大,尤以坡面裂缝上部边缘处最为明显,裂缝处与远离裂缝的土壤水分之间差异显著(p0.05);阳坡土壤水分损失最高,阳坡裂缝周边土壤水分平均损失量高达3.31%。可见,裂缝的出现会在一定程度上打破坡面储蓄降水的格局,加剧坡面局部土壤水分散失,这一点在植被恢复与建设过程中不容忽视。     

悬着水位对铝硅酸盐的稳定性及土壤发生的影响

The mineral stability and solute activities of soil solution extracted from selected horizons of seven studied pedons of Alfisols in Kentucky, USA, and the relationship between distribution of iron-manganese concretions and the restrictive layers were investigated. The results showed that the genesis and development of these soils and mineral weathering trends were strongly influenced by the depth of bedrock and the presence of perched water tables at lithic (limestone) interfaces due to the dissolution and buffering effect of limestone bedrock. The extractable Mg/Ca ratio as depth function and soil depth above bedrock could be used as indices of weathering and degree of soil development. Maximum iron-manganese concretion accumulation was found to occur in the horizon overlying clay horizon (>40% clay) with a sharp increase in clay content (>10%), which suggested that zones of Fe-Mn concretion accumulation in soils of the Inner Bluegrass Region appeared to be a sensitive genetic indicator of argillic horizons with restrictive permeability.     

红壤侵蚀区马尾松林下植被特征与土壤侵蚀的关系

针对南方花岗岩发育的红壤侵蚀区,在赣县大田乡选择5个低丘马尾松林,利用植物样方调查方法对样地的地形、土壤、植被、侵蚀沟进行调查和测量,基于获取的数据,利用统计学方法分析植被特征与土壤侵蚀的关系.结果表明：1）马尾松人工林郁闭度低,林木生长状况差,林地阳坡半阳坡植被总盖度仅为36.9％;2）林下灌草生物量低,物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度差,物种较为单一;3）林下植被以草本为主,草本以芒萁为主,其生物量占草本总生物量的75％以上;4）马尾松林下细沟、浅沟发育,土壤侵蚀严重,仅细沟、浅沟流失的土壤厚度达71.2 mm;5）不同坡位的侵蚀沟发育相关性显著,侵蚀沟与坡面的微环境差异明显,尤其是土壤密度和土壤水分差异显著;6）马尾松林下土壤侵蚀量对植被恢复具有抑制作用,但沟壑密度的发育能够提高灌草物种丰富度、多样性,以及促进灌草均匀性分布.     

长江三峡花岗岩区不同地类土壤流失量研究

 研究长江三峡库区泥沙来源,并以此为依据开展水土保持工作,对于保障长江三峡水利枢纽工程安全运行和效益发挥,具有重要意义。在长江三峡花岗岩地区选定的典型小流域内,采用土壤剖面法及土壤侵蚀调查、坡面径流小区等方法,分析不同土地利用现状下的土壤物理特性及其与土壤侵蚀的关系,不同土地利用坡面及沟道的土壤侵蚀量。结果表明:研究区域不同土地利用状况土体内,土壤颗粒特性与土壤流失程度密切相关。随着土壤流失程度的增大,流域不同土地利用状况下的A层土壤颗粒粒径分选系数降低。不同土地利用状况下,土壤颗粒粒径组的对称性均较低;长江三峡花岗岩区的泥沙,主要来源于坡面土壤侵蚀;坡面侵蚀的泥沙主要来源于坡耕地,25°以上陡坡耕地侵蚀的泥沙量,约占坡面产沙总量的50%。     

喀斯特峰丛坡地灌木林地与梯田旱地土壤水分入渗特征

为明确喀斯特峰丛坡地土壤的入渗特性,该文测定了灌木林地和梯田旱地不同土层的入渗过程,同时分析了影响入渗的因素,并用不同入渗模型对其过程进行拟合。结果表明:(1)梯田旱地的入渗性能低于灌木林地,其平均入渗系数约是灌木林地的78.6%,尤其在土层30~60 cm的平均初渗率、稳渗率仅为灌木林地的4.3%和4.4%,存在明显的入渗隔层,其原因是梯田旱地本身的土壤黏粒含量充足,加上人为翻耕促使较细颗粒向下移动后堆积。(2)灌木林地土壤中的砂粒含量和有机质含量较高,孔隙度较大,不同土层间的性质差异较小,而梯田旱地0~30 cm与30~60 cm土层的土壤性质差异明显,表现为下层土壤容重大、土壤孔隙度小。两者入渗性能均与土壤容重、孔隙度的相关性极显著(P0.01)。(3)Horton模型对灌木林地和梯田旱地的拟合效果较好(R20.9),且对梯田旱地表层和深层的拟合度比对灌木林地的拟合度更好。Kostiakov模型和Philip模型的拟合效果较差。该文为喀斯特土壤水分管理及土壤入渗模拟提供了理论依据。     

陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区高速公路边坡不同生物防护模式的土壤特性—以铜（川）-黄（陵）-延（安）高速公路为例

以陕西省铜川-黄陵-延安高速公路（简称铜延高速公路）为例,选取不同防护模式（穴状整地植草模式、挂网喷播植草模式、骨架植草模式）下有代表性的18个边坡为研究对象,通过边坡土壤特性数据的处理分析,发现：1）铜延高速公路边坡干旱缺水,肥力匮乏,有机质和全氮处于极缺乏和缺乏等级,速效磷处于中等等级,平均含量为16．28mg／kg;2）土壤水分、土壤养分以及植被盖度均表现为阴坡〉阳坡,而土壤密度则是阳坡〉阴坡;土壤水分含量呈现下坡位〉上坡位〉中坡位规律,土壤养分含量呈现从上坡位到下坡位逐渐升高,有自上而下累积的趋势,植被盖度呈现明显的分层现象,表现为下坡位〉上坡位〉中坡位;3）3种护坡模式中,骨架植草模式涵养水分能力最强,其次是穴状整地植草模式,最后是挂网喷播植草模式;4）水分是黄土高原地区高速公路边坡防护成功与否的关键因子,另外施加有机肥和氮肥,保护和收集表层土,增施磷肥以及合理确定边坡坡度和斜面长对边坡的保水保肥性和稳定性意义重大。     

花岗岩崩岗不同层次土壤抗冲性及其影响因素

针对湖北通城花岗岩崩岗区发育的淋溶层(A层)、淀积层(B层)、过渡层(BC层)以及母质层(C层),采用不同坡度(8.8%,17.6%,26.8%,36.4%,46.6%)和不同流量(0.2,1.0L/s)相结合的室内放水冲刷试验,分析崩岗各层次土壤的抗冲性指数,初步探讨花岗岩崩岗不同坡度及各层次土壤主要理化性质对抗冲性的影响。结果表明:(1)湖北通城县崩岗土壤A层、B层、BC层以及C层的理化性质存在较大差异。(2)当流量一定时,随着坡度的增大,土壤的抗冲性指数均表现为减小的趋势;当坡度一定时,大流量条件下土壤的抗冲性指数较小;在相同坡度和流量条件下,土壤的抗冲性指数均由A层向C层递减,说明A层抗冲性能最好,C层最差。(3)各层次的土壤抗冲性指数随坡度呈显著的线性递减关系(p0.05),土壤的抗冲性能随坡度的增加而减小,其中A层回归方程的系数项绝对值最大,常数项也最大,说明A层的抗冲性随坡度的变化最快,抗流水侵蚀能力最强,土壤流失量最少。(4)土壤抗冲性与粉粒含量、黏粒含量、水稳性指数、渗透系数呈正相关;与土壤干密度、砂粒含量呈负相关,其中和干密度以及水稳性指数的相关性较高,表现为极显著相关;土壤抗冲性与有机质含量、CEC、游离氧化铁呈正相关,与土壤pH呈负相关,其中与有机质含量的相关性系数大于0.9,相关性极显著。     

三峡库区茶园坡面土壤水分空间分布特征及对降雨补给的响应

利用高频率(5 min)的土壤水分探针和自动气象站监测三峡库区典型茶园坡面与林地坡面的土壤水分变化过程及其对降雨的响应，明确了林地和茶园土壤水分变化的规律，揭示了土地利用方式和微地形对土壤水分和降雨储蓄的影响机制。结果表明：(1)在时间上，茶园和林地土壤含水率随降雨量的变化而改变，土壤含水率随土层深度呈现“W”型和“S”型变化。土壤含水率年内变异系数随着土层深度的增加而降低，表层土壤(10 cm)含水率为中等变异水平(10%相似文献   

黄土区坡耕地土壤结皮对入渗的影响

黄土高原地区,坡面土壤水分是生态建设的关键问题。以黄土高原坡耕地人为管理方式为背景,在室内人工模拟降雨条件下采用等高耕作和人工掏挖两种措施,并且设计直线坡作为对照,研究不同耕作措施下土壤结皮的形成特征,同时从降雨-入渗的角度研究两种类型结皮(结构结皮和沉积结皮)对坡面土壤水分入渗的影响。研究结果表明:土壤结皮阻碍坡面土壤水分入渗,结皮坡面产流时间早,且土壤累积入渗量明显低于无结皮坡面;采用Kostiakov模型、Horton模型、蒋定生模型对坡面土壤水分入渗过程进行优化模拟的结果表明蒋定生模型适用于描述本研究坡面土壤水分入渗的特征;耕作措施造成的微地形对土壤结皮的类型有很大影响,在洼地径流携带泥沙堆积形成沉积结皮,地势较高处降雨雨滴直接打击形成结构结皮。研究两种类型结皮发现,沉积结皮相对于结构结皮密度高且孔隙度低,并且两种类型结皮对坡面土壤水分入渗的影响存在差异,沉积结皮平均减渗效应为37.13%,结构结皮平均减渗效应为19.79%,因此,沉积结皮更大程度影响坡面土壤水分入渗。