柑桔衰退病毒的快速检测技术

 柑桔衰退病毒(CTV)是一种广泛分布的柑桔病毒病害.对此病的的常规检测用生物鉴定,一般用墨西哥来檬作指示植物.这种方法费工费时,且受环境条件影响,用酶联免疫法,虽具快速等优点,但需制备抗血清,难度和技术条件要求高,我国未广泛用于该病毒的检测.近年JADodds等用分析双链RNA技术检测取得成功,我国尚缺乏研究和应用的报道.为此本文进行应用研究,试图掌握技术和初步应用于该病毒检测.     

本地早柑桔衰退病毒病的交叉保护研究

1995～1996年从黄岩不同桔区的"本地早"(Citrus succosa)桔树采样,经指示植物墨西哥莱檬(Citrus auranti folia)鉴定,得到18个柑桔衰退病毒(Citrus tristeza virus,CTV)分离毒株.根据茎陷点数/cm2划分,其中有弱毒分离株7株,中毒株5株和强毒株6株.网室试验的结果显示,在墨西哥莱檬上预先接种弱毒或中毒分离株后再以强毒株挑战接种的处理,其茎陷点数/cm2比仅接种强毒株的处理显著减少,其生长量也明显大于仅接种强毒株的植株,显示了明显的交叉保护作用.田间试验是以枳壳或以枸头橙为砧木的本地早,分别以不同毒性的CTV毒株接种后移植田间.在移植后第5～7年进行调查.结果证明,以弱毒或中毒分离株接种的植株,和以弱毒株预接种后再接种强毒株的植株,其3年的年均小果率均显著低于单接强毒株的植株,也显著低于未接种的田间植株.说明CTV弱毒株或中毒株的预接种对CTV的强毒株再侵染和田间毒株的自然侵染有明显的保护作用.同时,选择带弱毒株、中毒株和强毒株的田间定点病树各3株,连续3年调查产量及树体生长量.结果显示,感染弱毒株或中毒株的病树,产量高于重病树,小果率低于重病树,说明CTV的交叉保护现象在自然界存在.     

重庆地区柑桔衰退病毒组群分析

柑桔衰退病毒(CTV)存在着许多生物学特性不同的株系。通过铲除感染强毒株植株或利用弱毒株交叉保护的方式来防治柑桔衰退病都需要对CTV株系进行准确、可靠的鉴定。根据对CTV衣壳蛋白基因(CPGs)的限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)和单链构象多态性(SSCP)分析,发现在重庆地区CTV主要以CP/HinfⅠRFLP第1,3和6组群为主,并且在田间以多株系混合感染为主?     

抗柑橘衰退病毒基因工程研究进展

本文从选育和利用抗（耐）柑橘衰退病毒（Citrus tristeza virus,CTV）的柑橘品种和砧木、弱毒株交叉保护、转基因诱导的CTV抗性等方面综述抗柑橘衰退病毒基因工程研究进展,并就人工miRNA（artifical microRNA,amiRNA）介导抗性加以展望,旨在为更好地控制CTV危害提供借鉴。     

改换砧木，防治柑桔衰退病

衰退病是危害柑桔的一种严重病害,在世界柑桔产区几乎都有分布.20世纪四五十年代,巴西、阿根廷和智利等国由于使用了不耐病的酸橙一类作砧木,柑桔生产一度遭到了毁灭性的打击.我国近年来多数地区因使用了耐病,但却是隐性带毒者的积壳、红桔、酸桔在柑桔生产上作砧木,因此,极少发生衰退病.     

江西赣州柑橘衰退病毒种群构成变化研究

通过研究柑橘衰退病毒(Citrus tristeza virus, CTV)的种群构成,探究江西赣州纽荷尔脐橙上茎陷点型衰退病暴发的原因.从赣州的10个区县采集了199份疑似感染了CTV的纽荷尔脐橙样品,对阳性样品进行了8种基因型的检测,结果发现,有112份样品感染了CTV,且均含有2种及2种以上的基因型.最常见的基因型组合为T36+VT+T3+T30+S1+RB和T36+VT+T3+T68,分别占总数的13.4%和9.8%.与2004-2007年采集的CTV样品相比,2019-2020年采集的样品中新出现了RB, T30和HA16-5基因型,且T36和RB基因型的检出率显著上升.赣州CTV的种群结构发生了改变,RB和HA16-5基因型可能是引起赣州纽荷尔脐橙上茎陷点型衰退病暴发的原因.     

重庆地区柑桔衰退病毒组群分析

柑桔衰退病毒(CTV)存在着许多生物学特性不同的株系.通过铲除感染强毒株植株或利用弱毒株交叉保护的方式来防治柑桔衰退痛都需要对CTV株系进行准确、可靠的鉴定.根据对CTV衣壳蛋白基因(CPGs)的限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)和单链构象多态性(ssCP)分析,发现在重庆地区CTV主要以CP/Hinf I RFLP第1,3和6组群为主,并且在田间以多株系混合感染为主.     

橘蚜传播柑橘衰退病毒的研究进展

就橘蚜传播柑橘衰退病毒 (CTV)的传毒特性、传毒率、影响传毒率因素、与柑橘衰退病流行的关系、对混合株系的虫传分离作用以及带毒橘蚜的分子生物学检测等研究进展作一综述 .橘蚜传播 CTV的方式为非循回型半持久式 ,其从甜橙和墨西哥莱檬植株上传播 CTV的效率高于棉蚜、橘二叉蚜和绣线菊蚜等蚜虫 .橘蚜对 CTV不同株系的传毒率有所差异 ,对重型株系的传毒率较轻型株系高 .影响传毒率的因素有蚜虫发育虫态、毒源植物、接毒植物和环境条件等 .橘蚜与酸橙砧甜橙衰退病的发生与流行 ,特别是衰退型强株系衰退病的发生与流行有密切相关性 ,它是甜橙衰退病发生与流行的最主要传播介体 .橘蚜对 CTV具有分离株系的作用 ,通过单虫传播 ,可以将混合感染状态的 CTV不同株系分离而获得纯化株系 .检测橘蚜携带 CTV的分子生物学反转录 -聚合酶链式反应技术已建立 ,并已应用于检测橘蚜等蚜虫的单虫带毒情况 .讨论认为 ,不同发育虫态、毒源植物、接毒植物和环境条件等因素对橘蚜传播 CTV的影响 ,特别是毒源植物和温度条件对橘蚜传毒率的影响 ,及利用橘蚜单虫传播分离 CTV株系等方面的研究有待进一步加强     

Characterization of Citrus tristeza virus Isolates by Indicators and Molecular Biology Methods

Citrus tristeza virus （CTV） exists in citrus as a large number of distinct strains differing in biological characters. The control strategies such as mild strains cross protection （MSCP） require a clear understanding of the characterization of CTV. For better understanding of the structure of CTV population and the relationship between molecular and biological characterization, 72 CTV samples collected from five provinces in China were studied, using biological indexing, p25/Hinf I restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP）, multiple molecular markers, and bidirectional RT-PCR assay. The mixture of severe stem pitting isolates was found to be dominant in the field. CTV isolates with p25/Hinf Ⅰ RFLP group 3 and p23/BD-PCR group Ⅰ, Ⅲ were the main cause of epidemics, and most CTV isolates were found to be the mixture of T30 and VT genotypes. More accurate identification of strain mixtures in the field and better understanding of the biological traits of the isolates may be achieved by applying the three molecular detection methods simultaneously.     

Preliminary Studies on CPG/Hinf Ⅰ RFLP Groups of Citrus tristeza virus Infected Sweet Oranges in China

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) causes economically important losses to the citrus industry worldwide. Mild strain cross protection (MSCP) against tristeza has hardly been practised due to mixed infection of different CTV-strains and little background of its molecular biology in China. For better cognition on CTV, 192 sweet orange samples collected from eight provinces (Chongqing, Sichuan, Fujian, Hunan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong and Jiangxi) were tested by direct tissue blot immuno-assay (DTBIA), and 158 of them were tested positively, which therefore were subjected to coat protein gene (CPG)/Hinf Ⅰ restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Sample bulks were compared between Chongqing and Fujian by some statistical data, including ratios of single infection and mixed infection to local samples, proportions of CTV isolates with single RFLP groups, and rates of each RFLP group. The simplified analysis of samples from the other six provinces were then conducted. This study suggests that CTV isolates with CPG/Hinf Ⅰ RFLP groups Ⅲ and Ⅰ are the main epidemic ones in China, and mixed infection of CTV in fields are popular. Based on observation of severity of stem-pitting symptom in field trees, CTV isolates with CPG/Hinf Ⅰ RFLP groups Ⅲ and Ⅰ caused severe stem-pittings in sweet oranges in China.     

柑橘衰退病毒基因RNAi载体的构建

基于转化病毒基因介导抗性,通过在植物表达载体p CAMBIA 2301上插入启动子–内含子–终止子的方式,构建一种含有发夹结构的、通用型强的RNAi载体骨架结构;以柑橘衰退病毒(citrus tristeza virus,CTV)的p25、p20和p23基因保守序列为模板设计正向片段和反向片段,先后与骨架载体连接,成功构建了3个RNAi载体(分别命名为ds2301–p25、ds2301–p20和ds2301–p23),并将载体ds2301–p23注射入墨西哥莱蒙叶片。制作p23基因的地高辛标记探针,用Northern杂交检测是否有si RNA产生。结果表明:用Northern杂交可以检测到p23特异的si RNA,在墨西哥莱蒙叶片中瞬时表达的农杆菌ds2301–p23可以发生RNAi,表达有效的si RNA。本研究中构建的骨架载体可以广泛用于RNAi载体的构建,含有柑橘衰退病毒基因片段的3个载体可以用于基因功能分析及具有CTV抗性的柑橘种质资源获得。     

Expressing p20 hairpin RNA of Citrus tristeza virus confers Citrus aurantium with tolerance/resistance against stem pitting and seedling yellow CTV strains

The Citrus tristeza virus(CTV) uses 3 silencing suppressor genes, p20, p23 and p25, to resist the attacks from its Citrus hosts. Inactivating these genes is therefore obviously a potential defensive option in addition to the current control strategies including aphid management and the use of mild strain cross protection. In this study, we cloned partial DNA fragments from the three genes, and used them to construct vectors for expressing hairpin RNAs(hp RNAs). To facilitate the formation of hp RNAs, the constructs were introduced in a loop structure. Following transformation of sour orange(Citrus aurantium) with these constructs, 8 p20 hp RNA(hp20) and 1 p25 hp RNA(hp25) expressing lines were obtained. The 7 hp20 transgenic lines were further characterized. Their reactions to CTV were tested following inoculation with CT14 A and/or TR-L514, both of which are severe strains. Results showed that 3 lines(hp20-5, hp20-6 and hp20-8) were completely resistant to TR-L514 under greenhouse conditions for no detectable viral load was found in their leaves by PCR. However, they exhibited only partial suppression of TR-L514 under screen house conditions since the virus was detected in their leaves, though 2 months later compared to non-transgenic controls. Further tests showed that hp20-5 was tolerant also to CT14 A under screen house conditions. The growth of hp20-5 was much better than others including the controls that were concurrently challenged with CT14 A. These results showed that expressing p20 hp RNA was sufficient to c onfer sour orange with CTV resistance/tolerance.     

Phylogenetic Analysis of Citrus tristeza virus Isolates of Wild Type Citrus in China

The genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships of Citrus tristeza virus （CTV） isolates collected from Chinese wild type citrus were analyzed by comparing the sequences of nine genomic regions （p23, p20, p13, p18, p25, p27, POL, HEL and k17） with the CTV isolates of cultivated citrus from different countries. The results showed that the divergence pattern of genomic RNA of the CTV isolates from wild type citrus was similar to that of other isolates from cultivated citrus, the 3′ proximal region was relatively conserved, and the 5′ proximal region had greater variability. The nine genomic regions of CTV isolates analyzed were found to have been under purifying selection in the evolution process. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the eleven Chinese wild CTV isolates were located at different clades and did not relfect their geographical origins, suggesting genetic diversity among the Chinese wild CTV populations. These results will aid in the understanding of molecular evolution of the Chinese CTV populations.     

胡柚上柑橘衰退病毒的分子检测

胡柚是我国东部地区重要的柑桔栽培品种.近年来,一种以叶片黄化为主要症状的新病害在胡柚种植区暴发流行.通过血清学和分子生物学检测,研究首次从黄化的胡柚叶片中检测到柑橘衰退病毒.系统进化分析表明,分离的CTV CS-7分离物与P09.18、NZRB-TH30等分离物具有较近的进化关系,而与T30等强毒株系有较大的遗传距离,...     

柑桔衰退病毒在3种寄主不同组织中分布的研究初报

应用直接组织点免疫(DTBIA)和反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR),对接种了柑桔衰退病毒(CTV)的3组共45株锦橙、凤凰柚和木并柑进行了检测,结果表明,CTV在嫩枝中的检出率最高,其次依次是嫩叶、老枝和老叶。     

柑橘衰退病毒基因p23 RNAi载体的构建及转化

【目的】构建柑橘衰退病毒(Citrus tristeza virus,CTV)含p23的RNAi载体,以获得具有抗性的柑橘转基因植株。【方法】基于转化病毒基因介导抗性,根据NCBI公布的CTV基因组序列,查找p23保守序列,设计并克隆两条不同长度的片段。对两条片段和植物表达载体p BI 121进行双酶切和连接来构建RNAi载体。初步预测所构建的载体发生RNAi抗病毒的可行性。利用农杆菌介导的瞬时表达技术将含RNAi载体的农杆菌注射入CTV指示植物墨西哥莱蒙的叶片,利用GUS组织化学染色法观察叶片中载体发生瞬时表达的情况。发生瞬时表达的叶片接种CTV T36基因型,利用酶联免疫反应(ELISA)检测病毒含量。同时,提取叶片的RNA并反转录为c DNA,利用实时荧光定量PCR(q-PCR)检测CTV p20,通过该基因的表达量反映叶片中的病毒含量。通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化将RNAi载体转入大红甜橙实生苗上胚轴节间茎段,抗生素筛选得到的芽嫁接至枳橙实生试管苗。提取大红甜橙叶片的DNA,通过PCR扩增确定其是否为转基因阳性;目的基因检测为阳性的植株二次嫁接至温室保存的酸橙实生苗;根据插入的p23基因序列设计q-PCR引物,检测转基因植株中p23的表达情况。取CTV T36基因型寄主的带皮芽,用腹接法接种大红甜橙转基因植株。取接种后新萌发枝梢上的叶片,用检测瞬时表达叶片同样的方法分析植株的抗病性。对于第1次接种后未检测出病毒感染的植株,进行第2次接种并检测分析。【结果】克隆得到CTV p23 513 bp的长片段和291 bp的短片段,与载体p BI121连接后成功构建含发夹结构的来自病原且能靶向目的基因的RNAi载体,命名为p23-RNAi。注射p23-RNAi的墨西哥莱蒙叶片经GUS染色后能够产生蓝色斑点,表明农杆菌p23-RNAi可以在叶片中发生瞬时表达;接种CTV后第15和30天,瞬时表达p23-RNAi的墨西哥莱蒙叶片ELISA检测结果均为阴性,同时q-PCR检测结果显示其CTV p20的积累水平和增加速度明显低于对照植株,表明瞬时表达的p23-RNAi在一定时间内可以对CTV的侵染产生抑制。p23-RNAi经农杆菌介导遗传转化大红甜橙获得抗性芽,通过普通PCR的扩增结果证明得到7个转基因植株;q-PCR检测结果进一步表明7个转基因植株间p23的含量呈现一定差异,植株E的含量最高,其次是C、F、H、A、B和G。接种CTV后,p20的表达量在7个转基因植株间也表现出一定差异,表达量最高的是植株A,其次是G、F、E、B、H、C,且与对照植株相比,呈现不同程度的抗病性。转基因植株对病毒的抗性与外源基因的表达水平没有相关性,外源基因表达水平最高的植株E并没有表现强的CTV抗性。经过两次病毒接种,转基因植株C在接种后具有完全抗性。【结论】p23-RNAi载体能引起植物抗柑橘衰退病毒;瞬时表达技术可快速鉴定RNAi载体的抗病性,有利于筛选高效率的RNAi载体。