不同水平抗草甘膦转基因豆粕日粮对AA肉仔鸡免疫功能的影响

试验研究不同抗草甘膦转基因豆粕添加水平日粮对AA肉仔鸡免疫功能的影响。试验选用720只1日龄的AA肉仔鸡,随机分成4个处理组,每个处理5个重复,分别饲喂含36%和27%的转基因豆粕和非转基因豆粕日粮。比较各组试验鸡免疫指标中血清溶菌酶活性、新城疫抗体滴度、外周淋巴细胞转化率和T淋巴细胞亚群。结果表明:42 d的36%转基因组与36%常规豆粕组间法氏囊指数有显著差异(P<0.05),42 d 27%转基因豆粕组与27%常规豆粕组间球蛋白含量差异显著(P<0.05),其他指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结果显示,试验期间不同水平抗草甘膦转基因豆粕日粮对AA肉仔鸡免疫功能没有影响。     

不同粉碎粒度的豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响

本试验研究不同粉碎粒度的豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响,选用26～28日龄断奶(7.9±0.7)kg杜×长×大健康仔猪80头,按体重、性别相同原则随机分为4个处理,每处理设5个重复,每个重复4头猪。各个处理组采用相同的日粮组成,对照组饲喂含常规粉碎豆粕(目标粒径为750μm)的日粮,处理1、2、3分别饲喂含目标粒径为150、30、6μm豆粕的日粮。结果表明:使用粉碎粒度低于30μm豆粕的日粮提高了断奶仔猪日增重(P<0.05),明显提高采食量(P>0.05),降低饲料增重比(P<0.05),显著降低断奶仔猪的腹泻频率;使用粉碎粒度低于30μm豆粕的日粮提高断奶仔猪日粮氮、磷表观消化率(P<0.05),改善能量消化率(P=0.063)和有机物表观消化率(P=0.082),显著提高必需氨基酸的表观消化率(P<0.05)。粉碎粒度低于30μm的超微粉碎豆粕可显著提高断奶仔猪日粮蛋白质的消化效率,提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,改善了豆粕作为蛋白质营养源的生物适应性。     

日粮添加不同大豆源蛋白对仔猪生长性能和养分利用率的影响

试验旨在研究不同大豆源蛋白对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率和养分消化率的影响。试验1选取(21±1)d杜×长×大断奶仔猪500头,采用完全随机设计分为5个组,每组5个重复,每个重复20头,各组分别饲喂两种大豆浓缩蛋白和三种豆粕源日粮;试验2选择(21±1)d杜×长×大断奶仔猪300头,采用完全随机设计分为3个组,每组5个重复,每个重复20头,各组分别饲喂三种豆粕源日粮,试验时间为21~57 d。结果显示:仔猪饲喂大豆浓缩蛋白日粮与豆粕型日粮对生长性能无显著影响(P0.05),但大豆浓缩蛋白日粮显著降低了仔猪的腹泻率(P0.05)。美国源豆粕较巴西和阿根廷源豆粕显著提高了平均日增重和饲料报酬(P0.05)。大豆浓缩蛋白日粮较豆粕型日粮显著提高了仔猪粗蛋白质的表观消化率(P0.05)。美国和巴西源豆粕较阿根廷源豆粕显著降低了仔猪腹泻率(P0.05)。结果表明:日粮中用等量的大豆浓缩蛋白替代豆粕对断奶仔猪的生长性能无显著影响,但可以提高粗蛋白质的表观消化率和降低仔猪腹泻率。在本试验条件下,美国豆粕较巴西和阿根廷豆粕提高了仔猪的生长性能,降低了仔猪腹泻率。     

不同大豆蛋白饲料对仔猪断奶早期的营养效应研究

将20头3周龄断奶的DLY仔猪随机分成4组,断奶后第1周分别饲喂以膨化全脂大豆、膨化豆粕、膨化去皮豆粕和大豆浓缩蛋白为主要蛋白源的全价日粮,第2周开始,所有仔猪均饲喂同一日粮10d,以考察不同大豆蛋白饲料的营养效应。结果表明:4种大豆蛋白饲料对仔猪断奶后第1周生产性能无明显影响,但膨化豆粕能显著改善试验后期及全期仔猪生产性能。第1周膨化豆粕日粮蛋白质利用率显著高于膨化全脂大豆日粮和膨化去皮豆粕日粮(P<0.05)。膨化豆粕较其他大豆蛋白饲料更有利于仔猪断奶早期的氮代谢和提高机体的的免疫机能。综合本试验结果表明,膨化豆粕是3周龄断奶仔猪断奶早期饲粮的适宜大豆蛋白源。     

益生菌发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能与健康的影响

本研究旨在探讨不同发酵豆粕以及添加不同比例发酵豆粕代替鱼粉在仔猪教槽料中使用对仔猪生长性能和健康状况的影响。选择出生日相近、体重接近(9.5 ± 0.1kg)的商品代断奶仔猪192头,随机分作4个处理组,分别为对照组:饲喂基础日粮+5%普通发酵豆粕;试验1组:饲喂基础日粮+5%益生菌发酵豆粕;试验2组:饲喂基础日粮(无鱼粉)+9.3%益生菌发酵豆粕;试验3组:饲喂基础日粮(无抗生素)+9.3%益生菌发酵豆粕。测定不同处理组断奶仔猪的腹泻情况,增重情况,日采食情况,耗料增重比以及脏器系数进行测定。结果显示:试验1组仔猪总增重及日增重均显著高于对照组及其他各组(P0.05),仔猪平均日采食量极显著高于试验3组(P0.01),试验1组仔猪耗料增重比最低,差异显著(P0.05),但试验2组仔猪腹泻率较对照组及其他各组显著升高(P0.05),各试验组与对照组相比脏器系数差异不显著(P 0.05)。综合生产性能及健康状况而言,试验1组的饲喂效果最佳。     

转基因成分在肉鸡体内的代谢残留及对生化指标、器官发育的影响

试验选择1日龄AA肉仔鸡720只,随机分成4个处理组,用含有27%(25%)3、6%(34%)的抗草甘膦转基因豆粕日粮和常规豆粕日粮饲喂肉鸡,通过检测其肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、胸肌、腿肌、十二指肠、空肠和回肠的转基因成分,探讨饲料中转基因成分在家禽体内的代谢残留状况,同时研究了抗草甘膦转基因豆粕对肉鸡血清生化指标和器官发育的影响,结果表明,以定性PCR检测的转基因豆粕日粮肉鸡的八种样品(肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、胸肌、腿肌、十二指肠、空肠和回肠)中没有CP4-EPSPS外源基因成分,同时综合分析表明,转基因豆粕对肉鸡的血清生化指标和器官发育没有显著差异,在试验中转基因豆粕没有在肉鸡体内残留,对生化指标和器官发育没有显著差异。     

二次制粒工艺对断奶仔猪消化器官的影响

选用360头21日龄断奶仔猪,按饲喂试验日粮的制粒工艺、原料预处理不同,分成4个处理组,研究断奶仔猪采食二次制粒颗粒饲料对主要消化器官的影响。处理1组饲粮普通一次制粒并使用未膨化玉米及豆粕;处理2组饲粮一次制粒、使用膨化玉米及豆粕;处理3组采用二次制粒工艺、使用未膨化玉米及豆粕;处理4组二次制粒、使用膨化玉米及豆粕。主要消化器官统计结果(相对指标)显示:处理4组仔猪小肠重显著大于处理1和3组(P<0.05);小肠长度和空肠黏膜重指标,处理4组显著大于其他3个处理组。小肠形态测定结果显示:处理4组仔猪空肠绒毛高度显著大于其他3个处理组;空肠肠壁厚度指标,处理4组仔猪显著大于处理1组,而处理2组和3组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。以上结果表明,在选择膨化玉米与膨化豆粕原料的基础上,采用二次制粒工艺,先将鱼粉与膨化玉米、膨化豆粕进行第一次高温制粒所生产的饲料,饲喂断奶仔猪有效促进小肠器官发育,从而改善生长性能。     

高活性大豆异黄酮发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化能力、肝功能指标的影响

试验研究高活性大豆异黄酮发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生长发育、抗氧化功能和肝功能的影响。选择280头(21±2)日龄断奶仔猪(杜洛克×长白×大白),按体重一致性随机分为4组,每组7个重复,每重复10头。对照组仔猪饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别以4%、8%和12%高活性大豆异黄酮发酵豆粕等蛋白替代去皮豆粕,试验期40 d。结果表明,含8%高活性大豆异黄酮发酵豆粕替代普通豆粕能够提高断奶仔猪平均日采食量和平均日增重(P0.05),显著提升仔猪血清抑制羟自由基的能力(P0.05),以4%或8%发酵豆粕替代普通豆粕后,仔猪血清丙二醛有降低趋势,可显著降低血清谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶的活性(P0.05),有提高血清总蛋白的趋势。研究结果提示,在断奶仔猪尤其是断奶两周内仔猪日粮中以高活性大豆异黄酮发酵豆粕替代普通豆粕有较好的饲喂效果,替代量为8%时效果最佳。     

当归对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

为研究在断奶仔猪日粮中添加当归对其生长性能的影响,本研究选取某规模化猪场体况较好的“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪30头,随机分为两组,每组15头,对照组断奶仔猪饲喂基础日粮,试验组断奶仔猪喂给的日粮是在基础日粮中添加1%当归后形成的试验日粮,饲喂14 d。结果显示,试验组断奶仔猪的末重和料重比均显著优于对照组断奶仔猪的(P<0.05),试验组断奶仔猪的平均日增重和每日平均采食量较对照组断奶仔猪的有增加,但是差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验表明,在断奶仔猪日粮中添加1%当归有助于提高其生长性能,可在生产上推广使用。     

玉米豆粕型日粮中添加植酸酶对断奶仔猪生产性能、养分消化率及血清生化指标的影响

采用单因素随机区组设计的方法,选择二元杂交(长白×大约克)28日龄断奶仔猪40头,平均断奶体重(7.5±0.5)kg,研究玉米豆粕型日粮添加植酸酶(300U/kg)对断奶仔猪生产性能、养分消化率及血清生化指标的影响。结果表明,玉米豆粕型日粮中添加植酸酶降低了断奶仔猪的采食量(-9.8%P<0.06),猪的日增重下降11.1%(428与383g/d),但差异不显著(P>0.05),对饲料效率影响不显著(P>0.05)。断奶仔猪日粮中添加植酸酶,提高了日粮中干物质、能量、蛋白质、钙和磷的消化率:3.4%P>0.05、2.6%P>0.05、2.8%P>0.05、14.5%P<0.05和4.8%P<0.12,改善了氨基酸回肠表观消化率:His+11.7%、Ile+2.7%、Leu+6.2%、Lys+5.4%、Met+1.1%,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。断奶仔猪日粮中添加植酸酶,降低了42天血清中的葡萄糖、血清尿素氮和血清碱性磷酸酶水平,分别降低15.2%P<0.07、22.2%P<0.12、29.5%P<0.05。提高了断奶仔猪42天的血清T3、T4和胰岛素水平,分别提高15.6%P>0.05、4.4%P>0.05和10.9%P>0.05。综上所述,断奶仔猪日粮中添加植酸酶提高断奶仔猪营养物质回肠表观消化率,改善了营养物质的吸收与利用,并由此改变了机体中生化代谢和基础代谢。     

Soybean meal from roundup ready or conventional soybeans in diets for growing-finishing swine

Dehulled soybean meal prepared from genetically modified, herbicide (glyphosate)-tolerant Roundup Ready soybeans containing the CP4 EPSPS protein and near-isogenic conventional soybeans were assessed in an experiment with growing-finishing pigs. The soybeans were grown in the yr 2000 under similar agronomic conditions except that the Roundup Ready soybeans were sprayed with Roundup herbicide. Both were processed at the same plant. The composition of the two types of soybeans and the processed soybean meal were similar. Corn-soybean meal diets containing conventional or Roundup Ready soybean meal and fortified with minerals and vitamins were fed to 100 cross-bred pigs from 24 to 111 kg BW. Diets contained approximately 0.95% lysine initially and were reduced to 0.80 and 0.65% lysine when pigs reached 55 and 87 kg BW, respectively. There were 10 pens (five pens of barrows and five pens of gilts) per treatment with five pigs per pen. All pigs were scanned at 107 kg mean BW and all barrows were killed at the end of the test for carcass measurements and tissue collection. Rate and efficiency of weight gain, scanned backfat and longissimus area, and calculated carcass lean percentage were not different (P > 0.05) for pigs fed diets containing conventional or Roundup Ready soybean meal. Gilts gained slower, but they were more efficient and leaner (P < 0.05) than barrows. Responses to the type of soybean meal were similar for the two sexes with no evidence of a diet x sex interaction for any of the traits. In most instances, carcass traits of barrows were similar for the two types of soybean meal. Longissimus muscle samples from barrows fed conventional soybean meal tended (P = 0.06) to have less fat than those fed Roundup Ready soybean meal, but water, protein, and ash were similar. Sensory scores of cooked longissimus muscles were not influenced (P > 0.05) by diet. The results indicate that Roundup Ready soybean meal is essentially equivalent in composition and nutritional value to conventional soybean meal for growing-finishing pigs.     

瘦肉型猪规模化养殖生长肥育期基础饲粮配方筛选试验

试验共使用８４头杜长大试猪,研究按理想可消化氨基酸模式利用不同蛋白源配制的基础饲粮对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响。试验结果：豆粕＋鱼粉、豆粕、豆粕＋棉粕＋菜粕３种不同蛋白源构成的基础饲粮,无论生长期、肥育期还是生长肥育全期日增重差异均不显著,采食量和饲料／增重比也很接近,肥育猪的瘦肉率和背膘厚等指标无大的差异。但豆粕＋棉粕＋菜粕日粮较豆粕＋鱼粉日粮千克增重饲料成本低４．６３％。表明,按理想可消化氨基酸     

Individually measured feed intake characteristics and growth performance of group-housed weanling pigs: effects of sex, initial body weight, and body weight distribution within groups

Feed intake characteristics of 192, 27-d-old weanling pigs housed in groups and given ad libitum access to feed and water were measured individually with the use of computerized feeding stations. The groups were either homogeneous or heterogeneous as to BW distribution; pigs of three defined initial BW classes were used (mean BW of 6.7, 7.9, or 9.3 kg). The effects of BW distribution, BW class, and sex were studied with regard to average performance traits, latency time (interval between weaning and first feed intake), initial feed intake (intake during the first 24 h following first feed intake), and daily increase in feed intake during the interval between first feed intake and the day on which energy intake met or exceeded 1.5 times the maintenance requirement. Homogeneous and heterogeneous groups had similar latency times, initial feed intakes, and daily increases in feed intake. For the period 0 to 34 d after weaning, ADFI and ADG were also similar for homogeneous and heterogeneous groups, but gain:feed ratio was greater (P < 0.05) in the homogeneous groups. Gilts had higher (P < 0.05) initial feed intakes than barrows and also had greater (P < 0.05) ADFI and ADG during the period 0 to 13 d after weaning. Pigs with average BW of 6.7 kg had higher (P < 0.05) initial feed intakes than their counterparts with average BW of 7.9 kg and 9.3 kg, but the daily increase in feed intake was similar for the three groups. The lighter pigs had more daily visits and a lower feed intake per visit and tended to have a shorter postweaning latency to the onset of feeding than the heavier pigs. This study indicates that the high variability in early feeding behavior among group-housed weanling pigs may be related to BW and sex.     

Growth performance and carcass quality are not different between pigs fed diets containing cold-fermented low-oil DDGS and pigs fed conventional DDGS,but pelleting improves gain to feed ratio regardless of source of DDGS

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs fed diets containing cold-fermented, low oil distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is not different from that of pigs fed diets containing conventional DDGS regardless of the physical form of the diets. A total of 160 barrows and gilts were used. There were 4 diets, 10 pens per diet, and 4 pigs per pen. Pigs were weaned at 21 d of age and fed a common phase 1 diet that did not contain DDGS during the initial 7 d post-weaning. Pigs were then allotted to the four diets that were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design with two sources of DDGS (cold-fermented and conventional DDGS) and two diet forms (meal and pellets). Pigs were fed phase 2 diets from day 7 to 21 and phase 3 diets from day 21 to 43 post-weaning. All diets were based on corn and soybean meal, but phase 2 diets also contained 15% DDGS and phase 3 diets contained 30% DDGS. From day 43, pigs were fed grower diets for 38 d, early finisher diets for 38 d, and late finisher diets for 18 d and these diets also contained 30% DDGS. Feed was provided on an ad libitum basis and daily feed allotments were recorded. Pigs were weighed at the beginning of each phase and at the conclusion of the experiment. On the last day of the experiment, the pig in each pen with a body weight that was closest to the pen average was slaughtered and carcass measurements were determined. Combined results for the two nursery phases indicated that feeding meal diets instead of pelleted diets increased (P < 0.001) average daily feed intake and decreased (P < 0.05) gain to feed ratio (G:F). However, no differences between the two sources of DDGS were observed for the overall growth performance of weanling pigs. For the entire growing-finishing period, the source of DDGS did not affect growth performance, but pigs fed meal diets had reduced (P < 0.001) G:F compared with pigs fed the pelleted diets. There were no differences between the two sources of DDGS for carcass characteristics. Back fat was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed pelleted diets than for pigs fed meal diets. In conclusion, no differences in growth performance or carcass characteristics between pigs fed cold-fermented DDGS and pigs fed conventional DDGS were observed. However, pigs fed pelleted diets had greater G:F and greater back fat than pigs fed meal diets.     

不同梯度发酵豆粕对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状及肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究不同梯度发酵豆粕等量替代普通豆粕对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状及肉品质的影响.采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选择240头初始体重(61.25±2.31) kg的"杜×长×大"育肥猪,随机分为6组,每组8个重复,每个重复5头猪.对照组育肥猪饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,5个试验组依次采用5％、7％、9％、11％、13％...     

不同饲料饲喂断奶仔猪对比试验研究

为了给断奶仔猪选择合适的饲料类型,采用2种类型的饲料对60头35日龄断奶的仔猪进行饲养试验。试验分为2组,即颗粒饲料组和粉状饲料组,每组三个重复,经30 d的饲养试验,结果表明：颗粒饲料组仔猪体质量每日增加数、日头均耗料量明显高于粉状饲料组（P〈0.05）,且颗粒饲料组的经济效益要高于粉状饲料组,而饲料转化效率没有明显差异（P〉0.05）,说明颗粒饲料比粉状饲料更适合饲喂断奶仔猪.     

日粮添加大麻籽粕对生长肥育猪生产性能和肉品质的影响

 试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平大麻籽粕对生长育肥猪生产性能及猪肉品质的影响。选用体重约35 kg猪216头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复9头猪。在等能等氮条件下,大麻籽粕添加水平为35~60 kg（0,4%、8%、12%）;60～110 kg（0、8%、12%、6%）。结果表明：（1）大麻籽粕的不同添加水平均未显著影响生长肥育猪的日增重、日采食量和饲料利用率（P＞0.05）;（2）不同添加水平的大麻籽粕对猪肉品质的影响不显著（P＞0.05）;（3）肌肉、肝、血清和血浆中均未检出四氢大麻酚、大麻二酚和大麻酚。大麻籽粕作为蛋白质饲料资源,可部分替代豆粕,安全地应用于生长肥育猪生产中。     

Standardized ileal protein and amino acid digestibility by growing pigs and sows

Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of the physiological condition of swine on standardized ileal digestibility coefficients (SID). The apparent ileal digestibility coefficients were determined for crude protein and amino acids in six feed ingredients (corn, barley, wheat, soybean meal, canola meal, and meat and bone meal) in growing pigs and in gestating and lactating sows. Growing pigs and lactating sows were given free access to their diets, whereas gestating sows were allowed to consume only 2 kg of feed daily. The nonspecific (basal) endogenous losses of protein and amino acids were determined under similar feeding regimens after feeding a protein-free diet. The SID for crude protein and amino acids were calculated by correcting the apparent ileal digestibility coefficients for the nonspecific endogenous losses of protein and amino acids. With a few exceptions, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in the SID for crude protein and amino acids between growing pigs and lactating sows. Overall, gestating sows had higher (P < 0.05) SID for crude protein and all amino acids, except for tryptophan and aspartate, compared with growing pigs. Likewise, the SID of most amino acids obtained by gestating sows were higher (P < 0.05) than those obtained by lactating sows. Interactions (P < 0.05) between animals and diets were observed for gestating sows compared with growing pigs as well as gestating sows compared with lactating sows. As a consequence, it is not possible to extrapolate data from one feed ingredient to another. On most occasions, the lowest SID among the indispensable amino acids was calculated for threonine, valine, and lysine. It is concluded that gestating sows fed 2 kg of feed per day have higher standardized digestibility coefficients than do growing pigs and lactating sows given free access to their diets. This difference may be due to differences in daily feed intake rather than to the physiological status of the animals.     

Excess supplemental choline for swine

Seven experiments were conducted with 280 crossbred pigs to investigate the effect of excess choline on rate and efficiency of gain of weanling, growing and finishing swine Choline additions were made to a conventional corn-soybean meal diet. Daily gain of weanling pigs was reduced slightly by 6,000 ppm excess choline compared with 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000 or 4,000 ppm excess choline. Excess supplemental choline (2,000 ppm) fed throughout the weanling, growing and finishing (121 to 126 d) phases of growth reduced (P less than .08) daily gain but it did not affect (P greater than .10) feed utilization. The 2,000-ppm choline addition, however, did not affect (P less than .10) pig gain when fed only during the growing and finishing stages of growth (68 to 86 d). Excess choline should be avoided in swine diets if maximum rate of gain is to be achieved.