The anemia of inflammatory disease in the dog I. The nature of the problem

The anemia of inflammatory disease (AID) in the dog is an almost invariable complication of infection, inflammation and disseminated or necrotizing neoplastic disease. Clinically innocuous, it is important only in the greater under-standing of the mechanisms controlling circulating erythrocyte quantity and quality. The etiology and pathogenesis include a shortened red cell life-span, disordered iron metabolism, depressed bone marrow response to the anemia and a disordered iron storage. The laboratory features of a moderate anemia, normal bone marrow cellular pattern, depression in iron metabolism and reticuloendothelial iron sequestration make a final diagnosis of AID dependent on ruling out other etiologic mechanisms which may obscure or aggravate the anemia of inflammatory disease in the dog.

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Kurzfassung Die Anämie der entzündlichen Erkrankung des Hundes ist eine komplizierende Begleiterscheinung von Infektionen, Entzündungen und disseminierten oder neoplastischen Erkrankungen. Klinisch unbedeutend ist diese Anämie nur im Sinne eines weiteren Verständnisses der Mechanismen bedeutsam, die Zahl und Menge der zirkulierenden Erythrozyten kontrollieren. Atiologie und Pathogenese umfassen eine verkürzte Lebensdauer der Erythrozyten, Störungen im Eisenstoffwechsel, unterdrückte Knochenmarksreaktion auf die Anämie und eine gestörte Eisenspeicherung. Laborwerte wie moderate Anämie, normale Knochenmarkszellbilder, unterdrückter Eisenstoffwechsel und RES-Eisen-Absonderung sprechen für die Diagnose einer Anämie der entzündlichen Erkrankung, vorausgesetzt, dass andere ätiologische Ursachen, die eine Anämie verschleiern oder erschweren können, ausgeschlossen werden.

     

Treatment of problem behaviour in dogs and cats by castration and progestagen administration: A review

Summary

Treatment of problem behaviour in companion animals by castration and progestagen administration is reviewed. In male dogs castration is effective in eliminating roaming and, to a lesser extent, mounting, urine marking and intermale agression. Spraying, roaming and fighting behaviour in cats disappear almost completely after castration. In the latter species prepubertal castration does not seem to be more effective in preventing this problem behaviour than postpubertal castration is in eliminating it.

In dogs, intermale aggression, urine marking, mounting and roaming have been treated successfully with progestagens; in cats the same treatment has been successful in decreasing fighting and roaming. There are no reports on the ethical aspects or on adverse side effects of castration. For progestagens a wide range of undesirable side effects have been described. The results of both castration and progestagen therapy differ in the various studies. The underlying mechanism(s) of progestagen influence on behaviour are not understood. Therefore, future research on this topic is necessary.     

Treatment of problem behaviour in dogs and cats by castration and progestagen administration: a review

Treatment of problem behaviour in companion animals by castration and progestagen administration is reviewed. In male dogs castration is effective in eliminating roaming and, to a lesser extent, mounting, urine marking and intermale aggression. Spraying, roaming and fighting behaviour in cats disappear almost completely after castration. In the latter species prepubertal castration does not seem to be more effective in preventing this problem behaviour than postpubertal castration is in eliminating it. In dogs, intermale aggression, urine marking, mounting and roaming have been treated successfully with progestagens; in cats the same treatment has been successful in decreasing fighting and roaming. There are no reports on the ethical aspects or on adverse side effects of castration. For progestagens a wide range of undesirable side effects have been described. The results of both castration and progestagen therapy differ in the various studies. The underlying mechanism(s) of progestagen influence on behaviour are not understood. Therefore, future research on this topic is necessary.     

我国的自然保护区及草地类自然保护区的建设与发展

概述了自然保护区的意义、我国自然保护区的概况及草地类自然保护区的现状和存在问题, 提出了积极申报草地类国家级自然保护区、加强保护区建设与管理、充分发挥保护区作用的建议。     

奶牛真胃变位发病规律的研究

为了阐明奶牛真胃变位的发病规律，对263例奶牛患有真胃变位的自然病例进行了研究。结果表明：真胃变位的发生与过食精料和高产奶牛有密切关系，2－4胎次体格健壮的、产后30天内的、11月份到来年的5月份奶牛发病率高。