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1.
Foxtail millet, Setaria italica is still cultivated in Mazandaran (N-Iran). It is used for the preparation of local food and for feeding cage-birds. The
cultivated race is convar. moharia, formerly widely grown from Europe to SW Asia. The newly found material allows conclusion with respect to evolution and distribution
of this old crop.
相似文献
Korous KhoshbakhtEmail: |
2.
Stephan Schröder Bochra A. Bahri Douglas M. Eudy Daniel J. Layton Elizabeth A. Kellogg Katrien M. Devos 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(2):367-378
Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. and its domesticated form, S. italica (L.) P. Beauv., have been developed over the past few years as model systems for C4 photosynthesis and for the analysis of bioenergy traits. S. viridis is native to Eurasia, but is now a ubiquitous weed. An analysis of the population structure of a set of 232 S. viridis lines, mostly from North America but also comprising some accessions from around the world, using 11 SSR markers, showed that S. viridis populations in the US largely separate by latitude and/or climatic zone. S. viridis populations from the Northern US and Canada (north of 44°N) group with accessions from Western Europe, while populations in the Mid and Southern US predominantly group with accessions from Turkey and Iran. We hypothesize that S. viridis in the US was most likely introduced from Europe, and that introductions were competitive only in regions that had climatic conditions that were similar to those in the regions of origins. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that Canadian S. viridis lines were fast cycling and undersized when grown in the Mid-Western and Southern US compared to their morphology in their native environment. A comparison of the population structure obtained with 11 SSR markers and ~40,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a common set of S. viridis germplasm showed that both methods essentially yielded the same groupings, although admixture was identified at a higher frequency in the SNP analysis. Small numbers of SSR markers can thus be used effectively to discern the population structure in this inbreeding species. 相似文献
3.
Xiao-Ping Jia Yun-Su Shi Yan-Cun Song Guo-Ying Wang Tian-Yu Wang Yu Li 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(2):233-236
The development of EST-SSR in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) for polymorphism and transferability study was reported here. From 1213 EST sequences, 30 SSRs were obtained and primers
were designed for 26 SSRs. Among them, four pairs of SSR primers amplified polymorphic products in 12 foxtail millet cultivars
and one accession of Setaria viridis, a wild relative of foxtail millet, with 10 alleles detected for the four loci and 2.5 alleles per locus. In addition, ten
SSR markers could be transferred to other nine Gramineae species. The putative functions of 11 ESTs containing polymorphic
and transferable SSRs were also identified. 相似文献
4.
Chandra S. Thammina Keenan Amundsen Shaun B. Bushman Matthew Kramer Scott E. Warnke 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(4):1059-1070
Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv., commonly known as poverty oatgrass, is a perennial bunch-type grass native to North America. D. spicata is often found in low input turfgrass areas on the East Coast of the United States and has potential for development as a new native low input turfgrass species. Roche 454 sequenced randomly sheared genomic DNA reads of D. spicata were mined for SSR markers using the MIcroSAtellite identification tool. A total of 66,553 singlet sequences (approximately 37.5 Mbp) were examined, and 3454 SSR markers were identified. Trinucleotide motifs with greater than six repeats and possessing unique PCR priming sites within the genome, as determined by Primer-BLAST, were evaluated visually for heterozygosity and mutation consistent with stepwise evolution using CLC Genomics software. Sixty-three candidate markers were selected for testing from the trinucleotide SSR marker sites meeting these in silico criteria. Ten primer pairs that amplified polymorphic loci in preliminary experiments were used to screen 91 individual plants composed of at least 3–5 plants from each of 23 different locations. The primer pairs amplified 54 alleles ranging in size from 71 to 246 bp. Minimum and maximum numbers of alleles per locus were two and 12, respectively, with an average of 5.4. A dendrogram generated by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean cluster analysis using the Jaccard’s similarity coefficient was in agreement with the grouping obtained by Structure v2.3. The analyses were dominated by clonal groupings and lack evidence for gene flow with some alleles present in a single plant from a single location. Fourteen multilocus genotype groups were observed providing strong evidence for asexual reproduction in the studied D. spicata populations. 相似文献
5.
Hiroki Nakayama Tsukasa Nagamine Nagao Hayashi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,52(7):863-868
To clarify the geographic variation and isolate specificity in blast resistance, 20 cultivars of foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) originating from Eurasia were examined for their resistance using 11 Japanese Setaria isolates of blast fungus. Cultivars from the countries east of Pakistan generally showed resistance to most of the 11 fungus
isolates, whereas those from the countries west of Afghanistan indicated higher susceptibility. The origin of this geographical
regularity was discussed in relation to the deficiency or specificity of relevant resistance gene(s). No identical reaction
pattern was observed among cultivars, indicating their highly distinctive isolate specificity. The virulence of isolates was
also diverse, since only 2 out of 10 virulent isolates were identical for their reaction patterns. Preliminary genetic analysis
of blast resistance to four fungus isolates suggests that they are governed by more than two dominant genes. 相似文献
6.
S. Ganesh Ram K. T. Parthiban R. Senthil Kumar V. Thiruvengadam M. Paramathma 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(6):803-809
The genus Jatropha is native of tropical America with more than 200 species that are widely distributed in tropics with a promise for use as
an oil crop for biodiesel. This investigation was carried out to assess the genetic diversity of 12 Jatropha species based on random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. From 26 random primers used, 18 primers gave reproducible amplification
banding patterns of 112 polymorphic bands out of 134 bands scored accounting for 80.2% polymorphism across the genotypes.
Three primers viz., OPA 4, OPF 11, and OPD 14 generated 100% polymorphic patterns. The polymorphic information content was
highest for the primer OPD 14 (0.50) followed by the primers OPF 11 and OPAD 11 (0.48). Jaccard’s coefficient of similarity
varied from 0.00 to 0.85, indicative of high level of genetic variation among the genotypes studied. UPGMA cluster analysis
indicated three distinct clusters, one comprising all accessions of J. curcas L., while second included six species viz., J. ramanadensis Ramam., J. gossypiifolia L., J. podagrica Hook., J. tanjorensis J. L. Ellis et Saroja J. villosa Wight and J. integerrima Jacq. J. glandulifera Roxb. remained distinct and formed third cluster indicating its higher genetic distinctness from other species. The overall
grouping pattern of clustering corresponds well with principal component analysis confirming patterns of genetic diversity
observed among the species. The result provides valid guidelines for collection, conservation and characterization of Jatropha genetic resources. 相似文献
7.
Hoda Badry Mohammed Ali Adam Abubakari Martin Wiehle Konstantin V. Krutovsky 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(1):1-10
During the past decade, there have been numerous attempts to identify sex-linked molecular genetic markers that can be used to discriminate among male and female trees in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). In our approach to address this biological problem, we applied a comparative genomics approach and used a candidate sex-linked Tormozembryo Defective (TOZ19) gene found to be male-specific in aspen. Using BLAST against the date palm genome assembly, we found a putative Transducin Beta-like Protein 3 (TBL3) gene in date palm that was highly homologous to the TOZ19 gene and sequenced it in three male and four female trees from four economically important date palm cultivars from Egypt. Based on the obtained multiple nucleotide sequence alignments, male- and female-specific date palm haplotypes were identified by screening single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Subsequently, a respective gene fragment in additional five date palm samples comprising three females and two males were cloned and sequenced to independently confirm the previously identified putative sex-linked SNPs. The three putative sex-linked SNPs can be used now to discriminate male and female date palms at their seedling stage. This will further enhance and pave the way for commercial date palm cultivation through seeds. The identified molecular markers are relatively easy, cheap, fast, and reproducible sex identification tools. Female date palms are either homozygous or heterozygous, while male date palms are hemizygous at the putative sex-linked loci. 相似文献
8.
Xiao-ming Wu Bi-yun Chen Guangyuan Lu Han-zhong Wang Kun Xu Gao Guizhan Yunchun Song 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(7):1011-1022
Mustard (Brassica
juncea) is an important crop in both ancient and modern world. It has a broad resource of genetic diversity that is used primarily
as oilseed but as vegetables, condiment and medicines also. Its superior tolerance to adverse environments, e.g., drought,
high temperature and low fertility suggests its better adaptability in future possible harsh environments. Chinese vegetable
mustard displays a wide spectrum of morphotypes. A collection of 95 accessions of B. juncea representing oil and vegetable mustards from China, France, India, Pakistan, and Japan were assessed to determine diversity
at the molecular level using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP). Eight SRAP primer combinations identified a total
of 326 scorable fragments of which 161 were polymorphic (49.39%). The percentage of polymorphism for each primer combination
varied from 21.88 to 66.67%. Both Shannon-Weaver and Simpson genetic diversity index indicated that the level of genetic diversity
within vegetable mustard is much higher than within oil mustard, and also winter oil mustards are genetically more diverse
than spring oil mustards. Based on the Cluster and Principal Coordinates analysis, which were conducted on the similarity
matrix of SRAP marker data, vegetable, spring oil and winter oil mustard were clearly divided into three distinct groups and
among these three groups, spring and winter oil mustard are geneticlly closer than vegetable mustard. This suggests that bilateral
gene exchange between oil and vegetable gene pools in the breeding program will effectively elevate the genetic potential
in developing higher yields, more disease resistance, better quality and better adapted lines. 相似文献
9.
Łukasz Wolko Wojciech Antkowiak Elżbieta Lenartowicz Jan Bocianowski 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(6):801-806
The aim of this study was to identify the group of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers for the identification of six
pear cultivars (P. communis) and two individuals of wild pear (P. pyraster). From among 40 tested SSR markers, 19 were selected to profile genetic diversity in pear genotypes due to high polymorphisms.
These markers showed high heterozygosity levels (0.5–1) and, on average, 6.4 alleles per marker were found. The set of microsatellite
markers employed in this study demonstrated usefulness of microsatellite markers for the identification of pear genotypes.
The examined wild forms were represented in this study by only two individuals of P. pyraster. It can be assumed that these forms were distinctly different from the cultivated pear cultivars. 相似文献
10.
Xingquan Zeng Yajuan Wang Weiyan Li Changyou Wang Xinlun Liu Wanquan Ji 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(8):1141-1150
In order to evaluate and compare the germplasm resources of wheat in Tibet, we analyzed the genetic diversity of 136 Triticum aestivum ssp. tibetanum Shao and 119 Tibetan wheat landraces (Triticum aestivum L.) by using Intron-Splice Junction (ISJ) primers. The results showed that polymorphism of PCR products were obtained by
33 primer combinations, which accounted for 11% of the 300 primer combinations produced by 26 ISJ primers. A total of 333
stable bands can be amplified from the T. aestivum ssp. tibetanum Shao and 243 bands were polymorphic, which accounted for 72.9% of the total bands. Tibetan wheat Landraces produced 316 stable
bands, of which 197 bands were polymorphic. The polymorphic bands accounted for 62.34% of the total bands produced from Tibetan
wheat landraces. The genetic diversity of T. aestivum ssp. tibetanum Shao was higher than that of Tibetan wheat landraces in Tibet, suggesting that T. aestivum ssp. tibetanum Shao can be used as important genetic resource for the breeding and genetic improvement of wheat in Tibet. Matrix (1, 0)
was generated according to the presence or absence of the bands produced from a particular wheat accession. Clustering and
principle coordinates analysis showed that T. aestivum ssp. tibetanum Shao and Tibetan wheat landraces were divided into two groups. We conclude that high polymorphisms produced by ISJ primers
can reflect the genetic diversity between T. aestivum ssp. tibetanum Shao and Tibetan wheat landraces. 相似文献
11.
Yu Li Shuzhi Wu Yongsheng Cao Xianzhen Zhang 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1996,43(4):377-384
A total of 23 381 foxtail millet landraces of Chinese origin were analysed for seven qualitative traits and four quantitative traits. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index was used to estimate the phenotypic diversity of each characteristic on the basis of administrative provinces and ecogeographical regions. Hierarchical analysis of variance indicated that most of the variation was due to differences among characteristics. Only the diversity indices for leaf color of seedlings, starch composition and 1000-grain weight showed significant differences among regions. In relative terms, a greater genetic divergence was found in some provinces of southern China, where foxtail millet is not a major crop. 相似文献
12.
Lihua Yao Xiaoyan Zheng Danying Cai Yuan Gao Kun Wang Yufen Cao Yuanwen Teng 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(6):841-851
A total of 8117 suitable SSR-contaning ESTs were acquired by screening from a Malus EST database, among which dinudeotide SSRs were the most abundant repeat motif, within which, CT/TC followed by AG/GA were
predominant. Based on the suitable sequences, we developed 147 SSR primer pairs, of which 94 pairs gave amplifications within
the expected size range while 65 pairs were found to be polymorphic after a preliminary test. Eighteen primer pairs selected
randomly were further used to assess genetic relationship among 20 Malus species or cultivars. As a result, these primers displayed high level of polymorphism with a mean of 6.94 alleles per locus
and UPGMA cluster analysis grouped twenty Malus accessions into five groups at the similarity level of 0.6800 that were largely congruent to the traditional taxonomy. Subsequently,
all of the 94 primer pairs were tested on four accessions of Pyrus to evaluate the transferability of the markers, and 40 of 72 functional SSRs produced polymorphic amplicons from which 8
SSR loci selected randomly were employed to analyze genetic diversity and relationship among a collection of Pyrus. The 8 primer pairs produced expected bands with the similar size in apples with an average of 7.375 alleles per locus. The
observed heterozygosity of different loci ranged from 0.29 (MES96) to 0.83 (MES138), with a mean of 0.55 which is lower than 0.63 reported in genome-derived SSR marker analysis in Pyrus. The UPGMA dendrogram was similar to the previous results obtained by using RAPD and AFLP markers. Our results showed that
these EST-SSR markers displayed reliable amplification and considerable polymorphism in both Malus and Pyrus, and will contribute to the knowledge of genetic study of Malus and genetically closed genera. 相似文献
13.
Amina Sirag Saied Jens Gebauer Karl Hammer Andreas Buerkert 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(7):929-937
Neglected and underutilized species often play a vital role in securing food and livestock feed, income generation and energy
needs of rural populations. In spite of their great potential little attention has been given to these species. This increases
the possibility of genetic erosion which would further restrict the survival strategies of people in rural areas. Ziziphus spina-christi is a plant species that has edible fruits and a number of other beneficial applications that include the use of leaves as
fodder, branches for fencing, wood as fuel, for construction and furniture making, and the utilization of different parts
e.g. Fruits, leaves, roots and bark in folk medicine. Moreover, the plant is adapted to dry and hot climates which make it
suitable for cultivation in an environment characterized by increasing degradation of land and water resources. Lack of research
in Z. spina-christi hinders its successful improvement and promotion. Therefore, studies are needed to fully exploit this species. This article
aims at summarizing information on different aspects of Z. spina-christi to stimulate interest in this crop which is of importance in Sudan and other countries of the semi-arid tropics.
相似文献
Amina Sirag SaiedEmail: |
14.
Muhammad Youssef Arif Saeed Alhammadi Jorge Humberto Ramírez-Prado Lorenzo Felipe Sánchez-Teyer Rosa María Escobedo-GraciaMedrano 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(2):577-590
Here, two Punica species, viz., P. protopunica Balf. fil., reported as native to Socotra, and P. granatum L., were compared for the first time. Analysis of one P. protopunica and eleven P. granatum accessions was performed using three molecular markers, i.e., sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP), and intron targeted amplified polymorphism (ITAP), along with analysis of pgWD40 sequences, a gene involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. All markers revealed the relationship between the two species and placed them at 33% similarity. SRAP, TRAP, and ITAP generated a total of 299, 260, and 160 bands, respectively. Of these, 78, 74, and 41 bands were specific for P. protopunica, and 92, 85, and 57 bands, respectively, were shared between both species. Sequence analysis of pgWD40~870 bp amplicons exhibited 100% identity among P. granatum accessions and 98% identity to that of P. protopunica. Phylogenetic analysis of WD40 sequences from monocot and dicot species, including both Punica species confirmed the relation between P. protopunica and P. granatum, supporting earlier reports that P. protopunica could be an ancestral species of P. granatum. Furthermore, the genetic diversity among and within P. granatum accessions from Egypt (3), Mexico (5), and Yemen (3) was assessed. Molecular marker-based relationships among region-bulked accessions was approximately the same (~90% similarity), whereas the degree of genetic variation was altered within each region. Specific bands (alleles) for accessions of each region along with those shared among them were identified. Thus, these bands could be used for pomegranate genotyping and breeding programs. 相似文献
15.
Ammar Elakhdar Toshihiro Kumamaru Calvin O. Qualset Robert S. Brueggeman Khairy Amer Ludovic Capo-chichi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(7):1937-1951
A barley core collection can be studied extensively and the derived information can be used to identify loci/genes for the genetic improvement of quantitative and qualitative traits. To assess genetic diversity, allelic variation and population structure of Egyptian barley, 134 barley genotypes collected from a different region along with 19 cultivated genotypes obtained from of the Egyptian Agricultural Research Center. All genotypes were analyzed with 261 polymorphic SSR and SNP alleles. The mean number of alleles per locus was 4 and PIC was 0.49, while the level of genetic diversity was 0.55 ranging from 0.03 to 0.82. The genotypes were assigned to three subpopulations that were consistent with their origins. The genetic variation within population was higher (51%) than among population at the molecular levels (FST =?0.491 when P?<?0.10). The level of polymorphic variation was highest in subpopulations-II, due to collected from different regions with different ear-types thus, expected to contain more diversity than local genotypes in subpopulations-I and subpopulations-III. The structured study found that the 153 barley genotypes are in harmony with clustering approaches using the SSR and SNP genotypic data in a neighbor-joining tree and principal components analysis, which identified three subpopulations. These results demonstrated genetic diversity among the Egyptian barley genotypes can be applied to suggest approaches, such as association analysis, classical mapping population development, and parental line selection in breeding programs. Therefore, it is necessary to use the exotic genotypes as the genetic resources for developing new barley cultivars in Egypt. 相似文献
16.
Aichatou Assoumane Alzouma Zoubeirou Mayaki Bénédicte Favreau Gilles Bezançon Mahamane Saadou Daniel Verhaegen 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(1):39-48
The Acacia senegal complex is formed by closely related species of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. These species share several botanical characters, so from a morphological point of view, there is no clear discontinuity
between some of them. A. dudgeoni Craib ex Holland is one species of the A. senegal complex that was formerly described as A. senegal ssp. senegalensis var. samoryana (A. Chev.) Rob. In order to differentiate Acacia senegal from A. dudgeoni, we analyzed a range of morphological traits such as tree height and diameter in natural stands, and, at the nursery stage,
seedling height, number of branches, main root depth, biomass dry weight and leaf characteristics. Within addition, molecular
polymorphism analyses were conducted using 11 microsatellite markers. Leaf characteristics and molecular markers appear to
be the most effective tools to distinguish A. senegal from A. dudgeoni. These tools can improve our understanding of the relationship between two species belonging to the same species complex. 相似文献
17.
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was used to evaluate the genetic relationships and diversities of Chinese
vegetable mustards. Fourteen pairs of primers generated a total of 366 scorable fragments among 16 accessions of Brassica juncea studied, of which 296 bands were polymorphic with an average of 21.1% polymorphic bands per primer combination. Genetic similarities
were obtained using Nei and Li similarity coefficients, and a dendrogram of the 16 accessions was made by UPGMA clustering
method. The Nei and Li Similarity coefficient value ranged from 0.63 to 0.88. This result indicated that the 16 accessions
of B. juncea possessed high level genetic variations. The cluster analysis showed that the vegetable mustards could be grouped into two
main groups and some minor rami, which was partially in accordance with the traditional classification that based on different
edible organs of vegetable mustards. The incongruity between morphological and molecular classification might be attributed
to the high selection pressure during domestication of Chinese vegetable mustards, producing some accessions with similar
genetic backgrounds evolving into abundant morphological variations. The great diversification among Chinese vegetable mustards
not only provides an excellent object for molecular evolution research of B. juncea but also is of great value for widening the genetic basis of breeding programs and breeding materials selection. Besides,
our study also indicates that AFLP are informative and can provide significant insights for genetic diversity research in
B. juncea. 相似文献
18.
Tesema Tanto Hadado Domenico Rau Elena Bitocchi Roberto Papa 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(8):1131-1148
In Ethiopia, barley is generally grown in two different planting seasons per year: during the long rainy season (Meher) and the short rainy season (Belg). The aim of the present study was to assess for the first time the role of this ‘two-season system’ on the structure of
the genetic diversity of the Ethiopian barley landraces. We characterised 3,170 individual genotypes from 106 landrace populations
using eight morphological spike traits. The diversity within population was higher in the season where barley is more important
(Belg), and in general, where its cultivation is in larger plots because of weaker ‘competition’ with others crops. This indicates
that barley diversity has a complex relationship with variations in the surrounding agro-ecosystem. Overall, the divergence
between the two seasons was quite small (3.4%), suggesting that seed flow does not occur independently across the years within
the two seasons. This would affect the amount of mutations and historic recombination that have accumulated within these populations. 相似文献
19.
Sonia?Marghali Olivier?Panaud Fran?oise?Lamy Salma?Ghariani Aboubakry?Sarr Mohamed?Marrakchi Neila?Trifi-Farah
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to characterize the genetic diversity within and among natural populations and cultivars of Hedysarum coronarium. Twelve populations within Tunisia were evaluated with three AFLP primer combinations. A total of 207 reproducible bands was detected of which 178 (86%) were polymorphic. The great discriminative power of AFLP markers and their ability to represent genetic relationships among Hedysarum plants was demonstrated. Genetic diversity within and among populations was assessed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis by using the Neighbor-joining clustering algorithm. AFLP technology has provided evidence of a high degree of intra- and inter-population genetic diversity in H. coronarium. AFLP banding patterns provided molecular markers correlated with the plants’ geotropism. In addition, AFLP markers can differentiate wild accessions from cultivars. Moreover, geographical origins did not correspond to population clustering. 相似文献
20.
Masako Okoshi Tomotaro Nishikawa Hiromori Akagi Tatsuhito Fujimura 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(3):713-726
Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) is widely cultivated in Asia, where it has been classified into Indica and Japonica Group, the latter is further classified into Tropical and Temperate Japonica Subgroup. O. rufipogon is believed to be the closest ancestor to O. sativa, but it remains unclear whether the two groups arose from a single ancestor or different ancestors. Therefore, here, we investigated the matrilineal ancestors of O. sativa using markers for organelle (chloroplast and mitochondrial) genomes, and 119 O. sativa landraces, 10 O. glaberrima Steud., 115 O. rufipogon Griff. from Asia, and 39 accessions from other wild rice species with AA genomes. We screened 18 organelle markers developed based on polymorphic loci in the organelle genomes. In addition, we used the open reading frame 100 of a chloroplast marker. The results indicated that O. rufipogon first differentiated into two lineages and then further differentiated into Indica and Japonica Group, respectively. Accessions of O. rufipogon (R-1f and R-2d types) from Myanmar appear to be the closest ancestors of Tropical Japonica Subgroup and Indica Group, respectively. Therefore, these wild strains may have made a strong contribution to the domestication of rice landraces in Myanmar. 相似文献