网围内长江江豚群体行为的观察

作者先后三次将捕捉到的长江江豚群体,置于干流江豚经常栖息活动的水域内,对其野生行为习性进行了网围观察,累计观察42天。本文根据观察记录,对江豚的集群、抚幼、捕食、性行为、玩耍、利它、避害、歇息等行为作了细致的描述和分析。本项研究不仅有利于江豚的保护和饲养,亦可为白鱀豚的迁地保护、就地保护提供经验。     

鳗鳖混养技术的初步研究

目前鱼鳖混养的模式一般都是以四大家鱼与鳖进行混养为主。珠江三角洲地区近年来池塘养鳗业发展迅速，但在饲养鳗鱼过程中约有５％左右的“僵鳗”（老头苗）出现，既影响了商品率，又影响了经济效益。鉴于此，我们从１９９４年４月至１９９５年４月在广东省顺德市三洪奇鳗...     

长江安庆段长江江豚种群数量和分布特征分析

<正>自从白鳍豚被宣布功能性灭绝以来，长江江豚是长江中仅存的淡水鲸类(TURVEY S T,2007)。从20世纪80年代初开始，长江江豚数量持续下降，针对长江干流的调查显示，长江江豚从1991年的2 546头下降至2006年的1 225头；长江湖口以下的安庆段是长江干流中江豚密度最高的江段之一(Zhao X,2008;Huang J,2020)。目前，该江段已成立安庆江豚省级自然保护区，对江豚野生种群进行全面保护。然而至目前为止，     

镇江拟建长江豚类自然保护区

由江苏省海洋与渔业局和镇江市人民政府共同提出的“建立长江豚类自然保护区”的申请日前通过专家评审。白鳍豚是仅存于长江的我国一级保护珍稀水生野生动物；江豚是我国二级保护野生动物。拟建的长江豚类省级自然保护区，地处长江镇江段和常州北汊，面积４３．４平方公里，有大片的缓流水域和回水区，饵料丰富，人为干扰小，自然环境优越，是建立豚类自然保护区的较好场所。镇江拟建长江豚类自然保护区@晓湖     

黄鳝流水无土饲养与静水有土饲养比较度

对黄鳝流水无土饲养与静水有土饲养的生长速度，成活率等进行比较，在同等条件下，经两个月的饲养，流水无土饲养黄鳝平均体重１６．９４ｇ静水有土饲养黄鳝平均体重１５．４２ｇ，前者比后者生长速度快７．１８％，成活率最高４．３３％。     

黄鳝流水无土饲养与静水有土饲养比较试验

对黄鳝流水无土饲养与静水有土饲养的生长速度、成活率等进行比较，在同等条件下，经两个月的饲养，流水无土饲养黄鳝平均体重１６．９４ｇ，静水有土饲养黄鳝平均体重１５．４２ｇ，前者比后者生长速度快７．１８％，成活率高４．３３％。     

黄渤海江豚的调查研究

本文报道了黄渤海产江豚的外形和骨骼特征,并指出黄渤海产江豚与东海、长江产江豚在外形和骨髂上有较大差异。由于Pilleri和Gihr把中国的江豚曾另定名为一个独立种,因此作者对其分类问题进行了初步探讨,认为黄渤海产江豚与东海、长江产江豚是两个不同的亚种。本文还对江豚的生殖期进行了初步分析。     

池养南方大口鲶人工繁殖和苗种培育试验

１９９９年４月至５月在湖北省荆州市窑湾渔场进行了４批池养南方大口鲶人工繁殖和苗种培育试验,对池养南方大口鲶人工繁殖方法、孵化条件和池养南方大口鲶的受精率、孵化率、苗种生长等进行了研究,并探讨采用人工繁殖和饲养的南方大口鲶后代进行人工繁殖的可行性,以减少对天然南方大口鲶亲本的需求,保护南方大口鲶天然种质资源。     

海豚和鳍脚类的运输、饲养及其生物学

青岛水族馆已获得和饲养的海兽有：大海豚Tursiops truncatus、江豚Neomeris phocaenoides、北海狮Eumetopias jubatus、海狗Callorhinus ursinus和海豹Phoca vitulina，(图1～4)其中以海豹捕获的数量最多，饲养时间最长．     

黄海北部发现中国最大的江豚

2007年4月16日在长海县獐子岛附近海域一头江豚被缠绕在钓海螺用的网绳中,发现时已经死亡,渔民上报市渔政部门后,该江豚被运到辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院冷冻保存。2008年2月科研人员对这头江豚进行了生物学测定和解剖工作,对内脏等器官组织进行了样品采集,用于分子生物学测定和     

Larval rearing of the shrimps Metapenaeus ensis (de Haan) and Penaeus chinensis (Osbeck) on artificial feed

Abstract. This study explored the feasibility of completely replacing live foods with an artificial diet for rearing the larvae of Metapenaeus ensis (de Haan) and Penaeus chinensis (Osbeck). The artificial diets tested were a microparticulate diet developed at the Centre Océanologique du Pacifique, Tahiti, and Artificial Plankton B.P. (Nippai Shrimp Feed Inc., Japan). Survival and development of shrimp were assessed in 1-l cones stocked with 100 nauplius V-VI or protozoea I larvae. Live feeds of the diatom Chaetoceros gracilis and Artemia nauplii served as controls. Whereas the larvae could be reared to post-larvae with artificial diets alone, the highest survival and development rates were always obtained with live foods. Larvae fed with artificial diets had retarded development and their survival to post-larvae was always lower than those fed live foods. Total replacement of live foods with artificial diets resulted in a reduction in the body length of post-larvae I in P.chinensis . Supplementing Artificial Plankton B.P. with Artemia nauplii enhanced survival and development in this species. It was concluded that the two artificial diets are not satisfactory complete substitutes for live foods in raising the two penaeids but can be used as a convenient supplement when algal diet is limited.     

Evaluation of the formulated diet MySpat for feeding hatchery‐reared spat of the green‐lipped mussel,Perna canaliculus (Gmelin, 1791)

As with most bivalves, a high cost component of hatchery and nursery culture of the green‐lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) is the raising of live micro‐algae feeds. To remedy this, artificial feeds have been developed, however, these have had mixed success for this species. In this experiment, we tested the formulated diet MySpat (sourced from INVE Aquaculture) on P. canaliculus spat of approximately 1 mm in size. Performance measures under study were mussel spat growth and survivorship after 21 days feeding on varying proportions of MySpat. The experimental diets tested, consisted of a mix of T‐Isochrysis galbana, Pavlova lutheri and Tetraselmis suecica micro‐algae that were replaced with increasing proportions of MySpat, i.e. 25%, 50%, 67%, 75%, 90% and 100% MySpat replacement. Our results revealed no significant increase in spat mortality with increasing MySpat diet levels, and growth was equivalent to the micro‐algae only dietary control in all diets except the 90% and 100% MySpat replacement diets. Such results highlight the role MySpat could have for P. canaliculus hatchery operations, particularly with regard to reducing the costs of raising micro‐algae when producing seed for industry. A greater understanding of the particle selection process of this species would be beneficial for future studies seeking to employ artificial diets.     

采用受精卵消毒法进行南美白对虾人工育苗的试验

2002年5－6月，在南美白对虾人工育苗过程中，采用对受精卵和育苗用水进行消毒处理的方法，试验组平均成活率为37.69%，对照组平均成活率仅为20.42%。试验结果表明：采用受精卵消毒法，可以减少育苗期间疾病的发生，是提高南美白对虾育苗成活率的有效手段。     

Electrical stimulation of spermatophore extrusion in the freshwater yabby (Cherax destructor)

A technique for collecting spermatophores from male yabbies (Cherax destructor) is described. This technique consists of applying an electrical stimulus of between 5 and 10 mA and 40–50 Hz around the coxa of the fifth walking leg, and was found to have a success rate of 76% in 100 males tested. Furthermore, this approach enabled the collection of spermatophores from intersex individuals, indicating that intersex animals have the ability to function as males.

Using this technique, it was shown that spermatophore development is correlated with water temperature and that it is possible to elicit spermatophores from males in the non-reproductive season simply by raising water temperatures. The ability to non-invasively collect spermatophores from yabbies will facilitate the development of artificial fertilization techniques in this species.     

Managing the development of artificial reef systems: The need for quantitative goals

Fisheries enhancement initiatives are a potentially useful tool for managers to supplement traditional approaches. Habitat‐based enhancements often deploy artificial reefs with the aim to increase the available structure to augment local production, yet current assessment approaches make it difficult to assess whether these reefs achieve pre‐deployment goals. This makes it hard for managers to determine whether artificial reefs could improve their fishery outputs, potentially leading to missed opportunities and reduced production. We reviewed 270 research articles to determine whether existing monitoring studies identify whether artificial reefs meet their pre‐deployment goals, thereby providing some evidence of their suitability for certain fisheries. We found only 62% of these studies clearly articulated the original goals of the reef. Goals were qualitative, and most studies were conducted over insufficient time frames to allow for ecological communities to stabilize and mature. It is therefore difficult to determine the success or failure of many artificial reefs in addressing the management issues for which they were deployed. In the light of these findings, we think the setting of explicit quantitative goals (which may be biological, social or economic), and monitoring the performance of reefs against these goals, could stimulate the broader application of artificial reefs in fisheries management strategies. Such an approach has been successfully adopted in aquaculture‐based fisheries enhancement, and we explain how current evaluation methods such as harvest strategies can be easily adapted to quantitatively monitor artificial reef performance.     

高温胁迫对棘胸蛙蝌蚪抗氧化酶活力的影响

实验利用水温从18~30℃骤升和缓升两种模式,高温胁迫处理棘胸蛙(Quasipaa spinosa)蝌蚪后,提取其尾部肌肉和内脏团的组织液,进行乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)等酶活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量测定。结果表明,棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉提取液的LDH活力显著高于内脏团(P0.01);高温胁迫下棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉和内脏团提取液的LDH活力显著提高(P0.01)。高温胁迫下棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉和内脏团的GSH-Px活力均显著降低(P0.01,P0.05),且水温骤升模式下的内脏团GSH-Px活力显著高于缓升模式(P0.01)。在30℃高温胁迫时,棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉和内脏团SOD活力均显著降低(P0.05,P0.01),且水温骤升模式的棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉和内脏团SOD活力均高于缓升模式(P0.05,P0.01)。高温胁迫下CAT活力均显著下降(P0.01),且缓升模式下的棘胸蛙蝌蚪CAT活力显著高于骤升模式(P0.05,P0.01)。在两种升温模式下,高温胁迫对尾部肌肉的AKP活力均无显著影响;而在骤升模式下,高温胁迫的棘胸蛙蝌蚪内脏团的AKP活力显著提高(P0.05)。高温胁迫下的棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉和内脏团MDA含量均显著升高(P0.01),骤升模式下高温胁迫的棘胸蛙蝌蚪内脏团的MDA含量显著高于尾部肌肉(P0.01)。     

Evaluation of artificial and natural baits for the pot fishery of the sand crab Ovalipes punctatus (De Haan, 1833)

We compared the luring effectiveness of artificial bait made from fish waste with natural baits in pots targeting the sand crab Ovalipes punctatus in the East China Sea. Bait types used were fish (mackerel), minced fish (heads of greenling) and two artificial baits made mostly from fish waste and starch. The first two need frozen storage but artificial bait does not. Three fishing operations were conducted in May 2010 and in each forty pots (10/treatment) were fastened along a bottom line. Results for the three operations had catch data for 30 pots/treatment. The number of crabs captured was 496, of which 206 (41.5%) were caught in pots containing fish, 116 (23.4%) in those with minced bait, and 93 (18.8%) and 81(16.3%) in pots baited with the two artificial baits, respectively. Fish was significantly more attractive than minced bait and artificial baits, but no differences were detected between the other baits. Natural baits disappeared almost entirely by the time of hauling, with only 1% of the fish and 5.3% of the minced bait remaining; artificial bait remained almost intact (96.3–100%). The artificial bait catch was approximately half of that of fish bait, but it only contained 30% fish waste. Furthermore, if catch returns are calculated according to the bait's fish content their efficiency seemed higher, ranging from 88 to 100 crabs/kg of fish waste vs only 69 crabs/kg of fish.     

Growth and survival of young turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) produced with cryopreserved sperm

This study assessed the growth and survival over a year of two groups of 4‐month‐old turbot Scophthalmus maximus (L.) derived from artificial fertilization with fresh (FG) and cryopreserved sperm (CG). Growth in both groups, measured monthly in terms of length and weight, were compared. Survival was also recorded. No significant differences were found when we compared weight and length data in both groups. Growth rates were similar between FG and CG young turbot during 1 year. Likewise, the same survival rate (92.2%) was found in both groups. Our results show the good survival and growth of young turbot obtained from cryopreserved sperm, and confirm the cryopreservation technique as a useful tool for raising turbot for commercial purposes.     

Artificial Reefs, the Attraction-production Issue, and Density Dependence in Marine Ornamental Fishes

Artificial reefs may provide a useful tool to enhance production of marine ornamentals and to divert detrimental harvesting activities from sensitive natural habitat. The efficacy of this strategy depends, in part, on the extent to which artificial reefs contribute to new production (vs. attract fishes from natural habitat) and therefore benefit harvested populations on a local and regional basis. Here the attraction and production hypotheses and their application to marine ornamentals are presented. Specifically, it is discussed how the strength and timing of density dependence can affect the response of fish population dynamics to artificial reefs. In addition to this discussion, examples of density dependence in marine ornamentals and related reef fishes are provided. Based on this information, a simple conceptual model is presented to clarify the role of density dependence, and this is followed by a discussion on the use of artificial reefs in the management and production of marine ornamentals. Finally, unresolved scientific issues that remain to be addressed are provided.     

Induced spawning and artificial incubation of Tilapia

Methods for induced spawning and artificial incubation of Tilapia nilotica and T. aurea are described. These methods were required for the production, in aquaria, of F₁ hybrids between the two species. Spawning families were established in long aquaria from which sexually ripe individuals were selected for stripping by their “on heat” display coloration. Injections of pituitary hormones were not required. The fertilized eggs were incubated in a low speed “shaker”. At correct temperatures Tilapia fry may be produced by this artificial process all year round.