当前我国荔枝龙眼杧果产业发展面临的重大问题和对策措施

<正>一、产业现状面积趋于稳定,产量稳步提升。2015年,我国荔枝面积857.67万亩(57.18万hm~2),产量219.32万t,总产值约130亿元,面积和产量分别占全球荔枝面积和产量的71.47%和62.66%;龙眼面积552.76万亩(36.85万hm~2),产量171.58万t,总产值约100亿元,面积和产量分别占全球龙眼面积和产量的61.42%和57.19%。     

山西:临猗大力发展冬枣产业

正本刊讯冬枣产业是临猗县的第二大支柱产业,全县枣树栽植面积1.34万hm~2,涉及9个乡镇70多个村,其中冬枣面积1.2万hm~2,鲜枣年产量30万t,总产值20亿元,占全县农业总产值的20%。临猗县先后进入"中国红枣产业十大县""中国经济林建设先进县""国家优质鲜枣生产基地县"行列,成为中国最大的优质鲜枣生产基地、流通基地和集散地。     

湖北省2011年水果生产情况

2010年湖北全省水果总面积37.67万hm2,其中,柑桔22.93万hm2,桃4.97万hm2;水果总产量437万t,其中,柑桔301万t;水果总产值118.6亿元。2011年湖北省水果生产虽然遭遇了60年一遇的冬春连旱、早春低温与倒春寒等不良气候,仍然保持了稳步发展势头。预计全省水果总面积将达38.67万hm2,比上年增加1万hm2;     

肇东市畜禽废弃物的综合治理与利用

随着畜牧业生产规模的不断扩大和集约化程度的不断提高,畜牧生产过程中产生的大量有毒气体和粪尿中的氮、磷元素、重金属等,造成严重的环境污染,极大地危害了城乡居民的身体健康。因此采取有效的治理措施,最大限度地降低畜牧业生产对环境的污染,是我们义不容辞的责任。1目前我市畜牧业发展的现状我市奶牛存栏8.6万头;肉牛存栏13.7万头,生猪存栏48.4万头,羊存栏30万只,禽存栏825.9万只,全市鲜奶产量10万t,禽蛋产量14万t,羊毛产量1380t,肉类总产量5.2万t,2005年全市农业总产值53.5亿元,其中牧业产值31.2亿元,牧业产值占农业总产值59%。根据上…     

贵阳市乌当区畜牧业发展现状及规划

改革开放以来，我区畜牧业取得了很大发展，连续30年保持了持续稳步增长，主要畜产品长期短缺的局面得到缓解。2008年，全区生猪存栏16．5万头，出栏22．1万头；家禽存栏81万只，出栏180万只；肉类总产量2．45万t，禽蛋产量2785t，牛奶产量9800t，水产品产量1400t；畜牧业总产值35674万元，占农业总产值的比重为38％，农民生产收入的1／3来自畜牧业。畜牧业已由传统的家庭副业发展成为农业支柱产业，成为我区农民增收的主要途径。     

湖北·宜昌柑桔俏销形势喜人

正本刊讯(文中华,特约通讯员谢合平)截至2016年1月10日,宜昌市累计销售柑桔248.1万t,占预计总产量310.78万t的79.8%。预计柑桔总产值83亿元,增幅达14%。"宜昌蜜桔"价格翻番,产值效益、鲜果出口量均超历史同期,呈现减产不减收的可喜局面。2015年,宜昌市柑桔种植面积13.73万hm~2,产量预计达到310.78万t,比2014年实际产量331.35万t减     

桐乡市蚕桑产业持续衰退的症结及破解的建议

正桐乡市的蚕桑生产历史悠久,是农村的传统产业,曾是农民经济收入的主要来源。2016年,全市桑园面积6180 hm2,全年饲养蚕种13.18万张,生产蚕茧6878 t,蚕茧总产值22973万元。2006年,全市有桑园10705 hm2,饲养蚕种39.56万张,生产蚕茧16249 t,蚕茧总产值42675万元。10年来,桐乡蚕桑产业发生了剧变,特别是近年来持续下滑使产业不断萎缩,相对而言产业优势不再,重振桐乡的蚕桑     

中国禽用疫苗的研发与生产现状

1中国禽用疫苗的研究与生产现状2006年畜牧业总产值约1.4万亿元,占农业总产值的34%。肉、蛋、奶产量分别达到7980万t、     

浅谈阿勒泰地区的生态畜牧业

改革开放以后,阿勒泰地区畜牧业至2007年,畜牧业总产值达15.04亿元,比1978年增长180%;农牧民人均收入4157元,比1978年提高4042.11元;全区肉类总产量72734.75t,比1978年增长738%;牛奶产量182891t,比1978年增长1604%;禽蛋总产量2947t,比1978年增长675%;山羊绒总产量156859t,比1978年增长588%。各类牲畜存栏数从1978年的207万头(只)发展到1997年的310.99万头(只),2007年比1978年增长了50%,均超过自治区平均水平。但     

建立科技服务体系稳定蚕桑生产

1 蚕桑生产发展概况 黟县地处皖南山区,全县城面积只有847km~2,总人口不足10万。蚕桑生产1973年开始起步,1982年产茧175.5t,1988年进入全省6个产500t茧县行列。1990年全县桑园887.5hm~2,1991年产茧1008.5t。近年更以产业基础牢、发展速度快、收入比重大,服务体系全及种、茧、丝配套,行业整体效益较好而驰名。2001年全县投产桑园1797hm~2,生产蚕茧1907t,蚕茧销售收入2968.9万     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …