Ivermectin toxicity in 17 collies

Ivermectin is widely used in veterinary medicine as an anthelminthic and generally has a wide margin of safety, but Collies are prone to ivermectin toxicity. Two groups of Collies were presented to the University of California Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH) with ivermectin toxicity. The medical records of the 2 groups of Collies were reviewed retrospectively. Group I comprised 5 adult Collies that received at least 400 microg/kg ivermectin p.o. and were presented to the VMTH 3 hours after intoxication. These Collies showed marked clinical signs on presentation. Three of these dogs required mechanical ventilation and were euthanized for financial reasons; the remaining 2 dogs were comatose but recovered in 5-7 days. Group II was comprised of 12 adult Collies presented to the VMTH 2 days (n = 10) and 5 days (n = 2) after subcutaneous injection of 200-250 microg/kg ivermectin. These animals showed greater variation in severity of illness among individuals; 5 animals progressed to stupor or coma, whereas 4 animals remained ambulatory. Most of these dogs' clinical signs deteriorated from the day of intoxication until approximately day 6, from which time they showed gradual but steady improvement. All of the Collies in this group survived, but it took 3 weeks for most of them to recover. Collies suffering from ivermectin toxicity can have a severe and prolonged clinical course requiring intensive nursing care. Respiratory, cardiovascular, and nutritional support may all be required. With appropriate care, however, the prognosis for complete recovery is good.     

Onion toxicity in farmed animals

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Feeding cull onions (A llium cepa) to livestock is practised in onion growing regions around the world. While sheep are able to tolerate onions in their diet, cattle are susceptible to toxicity. Onion poisoning has recently been reported in dairy cows in New Zealand (Carbery, 1999). Given the recent seasonal abundance of onions available for feeding to stock, it seems timely to draw attention to this syndrome.     

Rabies in small animals

Rabies in small animals has been dramatically reduced in the United States since the introduction of rabies vaccination of domestic animals in the 1940s. As a consequence, the number of human rabies cases has declined to only a couple per year. During the past several years, the dog rabies variant has almost disappeared completely. Rabies in wildlife has skyrocketed, however. Each wildlife species carries its own rabies variant(s). These wildlife epizootics present a constant public health threat in addition to the danger of reintroducing rabies to domestic animals. Vaccination is the key to prevent rabies in small animals and rabies transmission to human beings.     

Hypoadrenocorticism in small animals

The diagnosis and treatment of hypoadrenocorticism can be one of the greatest challenges faced by veterinary practitioners, as Addison's disease may have many faces and many presentations. Although the disease is most often diagnosed in dogs, cats may also suffer from Addison's disease. The practitioner must have a high index of suspicion to make a diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism. This index of suspicion is based on knowledge of the common signalment, history, physical examination, and laboratory findings. Diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism is supported by appropriate choice of diagnostic endocrine tests that are described in detail in this article. Once a diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism has been made, expedient treatment is of foremost concern. Timely treatment using fluids, corticosteroids, and supportive care will ensure a successful outcome; the emergency treatment of Addison's is covered briefly in this article and fully in another article in this issue. The purpose of this review was to describe the clinical diagnosis and chronic treatment of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs and cats.     

HPLC法测定微乳中伊维菌素的含量

建立了HPLC测定伊维菌素微乳中伊维菌素含量的方法。色谱柱为ZirchromC18(4.6mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇∶水(85∶15),测定波长为245 nm,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温为40℃。伊维菌素与辅料及溶剂峰分离良好,在2.22~111.0μg/mL时线性关系良好(R2=0.999 9)。HPLC测定伊维菌素方法便捷、准确、重复性好,可用于伊维菌素微乳含量的测定。     

Ocular neoplasia in small animals

Important and rare primary tumors of the globe of dogs and cats are discussed with particular emphasis on biological behavior and morphologic features that predict biological behavior. Classification systems currently thought to be most useful for predicting the behavior of canine and feline ocular melanomas are emphasized. The recently described feline posttraumatic ocular sarcoma is discussed.     

Anticonvulsant therapy in small animals

This article includes an overview of the pathophysiology of seizures and a discussion of the mechanism of action of anticonvulsants based on the targeted physiologic processes. The commonly used anticonvulsants are classified and reviewed by chemical group. The concept, indications, and benefits of therapeutic monitoring of serum anticonvulsant concentrations are presented. The use of anticonvulsant agents for treatment of status epilepticus is addressed.     

Lead poisoning in small animals

The literature dealing with lead poisoning in small animals is reviewed, and the mechanism, symptoms, laboratory findings and treatment of the condition discussed. Résumé. Les publications traitant de l'intoxication par le plomb chcz de jeuncs animaux, sont sous révision et on y discute du mécanisme, des symptômes, des réultats de laboratoire et du traitement de la condition. Zusammenfassung. Literatur über Bleivergiftung in kleinen Tieren wurde überprüft und der Mechanismus, Symptome, Laboratoriumsbefund und Behandlung dieses Zustandes wird diskutiert.