应用聚合酶链反应技术鉴定印度腥黑穗病菌

用一对专化于印度腥黑穗病菌的引物Ｔ１１７Ｍ１（５＇－ＴＣＣＣＣＴＴＧ－ＧＡＴＣＡＧＡＡＣＧＴＡ－３＇）和Ｔ１１７Ｍ２（５＇－ＡＧＡＡＧＴＣＴＡＡＣＴＣＣＣＣＣＣＴＣＴ－３＇）可特异地扩增印度腥黑穗病菌产生一段８２５ｂｐ的产物，而稻粒黑粉病菌则不能被扩增。实验还表明，用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）方法检测灵敏度可达到１００个未萌发的冬孢子，这为进口粮印度腥黑穗病菌的检疫提供了有力工具。     

杆状病毒表达猪传染性胃肠炎病毒钉状蛋白在血清学诊断上的应用

用从猪传染性胃炎病毒（ＴＧＥＶ）强毒Ｍｉｌｌｅｒ株（Ｍ５Ｃ）克隆建立的一株的重组杆状病毒（Ｒ２－２）表达的重组ＴＧＥＶ钉状糖蛋白（Ｓｐｉｋｅ，Ｓ）建立了一种阻断酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）来检测猪群中抗ＴＧＥＶ抗体。实验表明，用重组病毒Ｒ２－２接种昆虫传代细胞系Ｓｐｏｄｏｐｔｅｒａ ｆｒｕｇｉｐｅｒｄａ（ｓｆ９），所表达的重组蛋白量在接种后第７２小明达到最高值；该重组蛋白能与抗ＴＧＥＶ Ｓ蛋白Ａ     

灰斑古毒蛾核型多角体病毒病的自然流行

灰斑古毒蛾核型多角体病毒病的自然流行孙发仁（山东省泰安市菜篮子科技园，泰安２７１０００）ＰＲＥＬＩＭＩＡＲＹＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＰＯＬＹＨＥＤＲＯＳＩＳＶＩＲＵＳＩＳＯＬＡＴＥＤＦＲＯＭＯＲＧＹＩＡＥＲＩＣＡＥＳＵＮＦａ－Ｒｅｎ（ＴａｉａｎＳｃｉ...     

渗透胁迫对绵刺(Potaninia mongolica Maxim.)嫩枝保护酶活性的影响

分别用不同浓度的 Ｐ Ｅ Ｇ（ Ｍ Ｗ ６０００）对当年生绵刺嫩枝进行渗透胁迫处理,测定其超氧化物歧化物（ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ）、过氧化氢酶（ Ｃ Ａ Ｔ）的活性和丙二醛（ Ｍ Ｄ Ａ）含量的变化。结果表明：绵刺嫩枝在渗透份胁大于－ ２．０ Ｍ Ｐａ 迫条件下,能维持较高的 Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ 活性,脂质过氧化作用较弱,膜系统基本完整; 渗透胁迫小于－ ２．０ Ｍ Ｐａ。 Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ 活性明显下降,脂质过氧化作用加强,膜透性增加。 Ｍ Ｄ Ａ 含量与 Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ 活性呈负相关关系（ｒ＝ － ０９４２１７）; Ｃ Ａ Ｔ 的活性随渗透胁迫强度增大而逐渐增强,达到一个峰值（－ ２．５ Ｍ Ｐａ）后,呈现下降趋势。说明绵刺嫩枝中 Ｃ Ａ Ｔ 和 Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ 活性具很强的抗水分胁迫能力。     

南方菜豆花叶病毒(SBMV)两典型株系特异cDNA和RNA探针的制备及应用

南方菜豆花叶病毒（ＳＢＭＶ）主要有２株系：菜豆株系（ＳＢＭＶ－Ｂ）和豇豆株系（ＳＢＭＶ－Ｃ）,血清学方法不能予以区分。根据已报道的核酸序列设计了２对特异引物,进行ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增并克隆到载体Ｂｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔ中,序列测定予以证实后利用随机引物法合成放射性ｃＤＮＡ探针,再进行体外转译合成地高辛ＵＴＰ标记的ＲＮＡ探针。２种探针均可分别特异地检测Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ膜上的ＳＢＭＶ－Ｂ和ＳＢＭＶ－Ｃ。ＲＮＡ探针检测ＳＢＭＶ－Ｂ和ＳＢＭＶ－Ｃ灵敏度分别为：０．１μｇ和０．０１μｇ。     

渗透胁迫对梭梭幼苗体内保护酶活性的影响及其抗旱性研究

分别用浓度为０、－０．５、－１．０、－１．５和－２．０ＭＰａ的ＰＥＧ（６０００）处理梭幼苗１２ｈ，测定体内ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ和ＰＯＤ活性，ＭＤＡ和蛋白质含量以及膜透性。结果表明：Ｄ 渗透胁迫小于－１．５ＭＰａ情况下，梭梭幼苗具有较高的ＳＯＤ活性，ＣＡＴ和ＰＯＤ活性随渗透胁迫加强而升高；ＭＤＡ含量和膜透性维持在较低的水平。表明梭纪苗具有较强的抗旱性。     

EB-82灭蚜菌对蔷薇长管蚜的毒力及温湿度对其的影响

ＥＢ－８２灭蚜菌对蔷薇长管蚜的毒力及温湿度对其的影响马江龙厚茹（中国农科院生物防治研究所,北京１０００８１）ＴＯＸＩＣＩＴＹＯＦＥＢ┐８２ＡＰＨＩＤＩＣＩＤＥＯＮＭＡＣＲＯＳＩＰＨＵＭＲＯＳＡＥＡＮＤＴＨＥＩＮＦＬＵＥＮＣＥＯＦＴＥＭＰＥＲＡＴＵＲＥ...     

转基因甜瓜植株的获得及其抗病性

甜瓜（Ｃｕｃｕｍｉｓ ｍｅｌｏ）子叶外植体能被含双元载体的根瘤农杆菌菌不妨功体内含１个ＮＰＴ－Ⅱ基因（新霉素磷酸基转移酶Ⅱ基因）,以供选择卡妹妹纱抗性的转化甜 １个ＷＭＶ－２ ＣＰ基因（西瓜花叶病毒２号外壳蛋白基因）。卡那霉素抗性植株经ＰＣＲ－Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交试验表明,外源的ＷＭＶ－２ ＣＰ基因确已通过农杆菌介导的转化途径导入甜瓜细胞。目前转基因甜瓜已开花结果。攻毒试验表明,与对照相比,转基因     

球形芽孢杆菌C3-41和2362菌株的发酵特性和毒力比较

球形芽孢杆菌Ｃ３－４１和２３６２菌株的发酵特性和毒力比较①袁志明刘娥英蔡全信张用梅（中国科学院武汉病毒研究所,武汉４３００７１）ＣＯＭＰＡＲＩＳＯＮＳＯＦＴＨＥＦＥＲＭＥＮＴＡＴＩＯＮＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＹＡＮＤＴＯＸＩＣＩＴＹＯＦＢＡＣＩＬＬＵＳＳＰＨＡ...     

贵州烟仓昆虫天敌初步观察

贵州烟仓昆虫天敌初步观察①高念昭（贵州农学院植保系，贵阳５５００２５）ＰＲＥＬＩＭＩＮＡＲＹＯＢＳＥＲＶＡＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＮＡＴＵＲＡＬＥＮＥＭＩＥＳＯＮＳＴＯＲＥＤＴＯＢＡＣＣＯＩＮＳＥＣＴＰＥＳＴＳＩＮＧＵＩＺＨＯＵＧＡＯＮｉａｎ－ｚｈａｏ（Ｄｅｐ...     

稻瘟病菌群体育性分析的主要影响因子研究

 将稻瘟病菌10个两性可育菌株,包括GUY11、KA3、KA9、KA7、6023、2539W、8773R-19、8773R-27、8113R-2和8113R-10相互交配,结果表明,10个菌株育性好,交配型明确;2539W已丧失雌性功能,不再是两性菌株。原先由6023/2539W测为可育的24个福建省田间稻瘟病菌菌株分别与另外8个两性菌株交配,结果得出不同两性菌株测得同一组稻瘟病菌菌株的育性差异很大,这可能是由于两性菌株的交配能力强弱差异以及两性菌株与待测菌株之间的亲和性不同引起的。分析认为,GUY11和KA3最适于测定稻瘟病菌群体的育性和交配型,并用其测定了227个来自福建省田间稻瘟病菌菌株的育性。结果表明,福建省稻瘟病菌群体可育菌株率为81.1%,其中81.0%为交配型MAT1-2,19.0%为MAT1-1。研究结果将有助于进一步认识稻瘟病菌的群体结构特点及其演化规律。     

An avirulence gene to rice cultivar K60 is located on the 1.6-Mb chromosome in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Magnaporthe oryzae</Emphasis> isolate 84R-62B

A Japanese differential rice cultivar K60 was tested with 114 F₁ cultures of Magnaporthe oryzae from a cross between isolates 84R-62B and Y93-245c-2. Segregation patterns of avirulence and virulence in the progeny suggested that avirulence on cv. K60 was controlled by a single gene derived from 84R-62B and tentatively named AvrK60. In the F₁ population, AvrK60 cosegregated with avirulence gene AvrPik on a small 1.6-Mb chromosome of 84R-62B and with the 1.6-Mb chromosome itself. Therefore, we suggest that, along with AvrPik, AvrK60 is also located on the 1.6-Mb chromosome of 84R-62B.     

Genetic Mapping and Chromosomal Assignment of Magnaporthe oryzae Avirulence Genes AvrPik, AvrPiz, and AvrPiz-t Controlling Cultivar Specificity on Rice

ABSTRACT A genetic map including three avirulence (Avr) genes, AvrPik, AvrPiz, and AvrPiz-t, was constructed in a genetic cross of two rice field isolates, 84R-62B and Y93-245c-2. The chromosomal locations of the Avr genes were determined by using selected markers to probe Southern blots of the parental chromosomes that had been separated by contour-clamped homogenous electric fields electrophoresis. Electrophoretic karyotyping showed that both parental isolates 84R-62B and Y93-245c-2 contained seven chromosomes greater than 3.5 megabases (Mb) in size and 84R-62B possessed a small chromosome of approximately 1.6 Mb. The linkage groups containing AvrPiz and AvrPiz-t were assigned to chromosomes 3 and 7, respectively. Some markers from the linkage group that contained AvrPik hybridized with chromosome 1 and the 1.6-Mb chromosome, yet all of the cloned RAPD markers that were closely linked to AvrPik hybridized exclusively to the 1.6-Mb chromosome in 84R-62B, the parent that possesses AvrPik. Thus, we conclude that AvrPik is located on the 1.6-Mb chromosome in 84R-62B.     

Relationship between ineffective R-genes and expansion rate of lesions on potato leaves, caused by Phytophthora infestans

Progenies from eight tetraploid potato crosses were assessed for the association between ineffective R- genes and lesion expansion rate (LER) in mm per day on detached leaves that had been inoculated with Phytophthora infestans . In two of the progenies, a significant association between ineffective R- genes and LER was measured, which could be an indication of residual effects. No association was found in the other progenies. These results and other corroborative evidence do not support an approach to plant breeding based on the stacking of R- genes to accumulate residual resistance effects. Using the same detached-leaf test, differences in aggressiveness between two isolates of P. infestans could be measured in all eight progenies. LER values were consistent with previously published ranges and were distributed continuously and unimodally in all progenies, suggesting that differences in relative aggressiveness of isolates were probably not affected by R- genes.     

Both Mating types of Phaeosphaeria (anamorph Stagonospora) nodorum are Present in Western Australia

Phaeosphaeria (anamorph Stagonospora) nodorum is the most serious fungal pathogen of wheat in the West Australian (WA) wheat belt and is a diallelic heterothallic loculoascomycete. Its population genetics has received considerable attention. A recent study, which sampled isolates from diverse locations worldwide, has indicated that the mating-type idiomorph MAT1-1 is considerably more frequent than MAT1-2 in many populations. To investigate this, we developed PCR primers that amplify each idiomorph. In a sample of 23 isolates cultured from ascospores collected in the field, nine amplified DNA with the MAT1-1 primers and 14 amplified DNA with the MAT1-2 primers. The virulence of a MAT1-2 isolate was comparable with MAT1-1 isolates. Although these sample sizes are small, we suggest that this result is consistent with the presence of equal numbers of both mating types in populations of ascospores in WA.     

云南省稻瘟病菌群体的致病性分析及交配型分布

为明确云南省不同稻区稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae的毒性频率及交配型分布,利用2007—2013年分离自云南省不同稻区的112株稻瘟病菌单孢菌株,对23个持有不同抗性基因的单基因系和持有Pi57(t)的水稻渗入系IL-E1454进行致病性测定。结果表明,稻瘟病菌对不同抗病基因的毒性频率存在很大差异,分离自粳稻区的稻瘟病菌菌株对持有Piz-t、Pi5、Pi9、Pi20和Pi57(t)这5个水稻品系的毒性频率分别为14.29%、5.36%、5.51%、5.36%和0;分离自籼稻区的稻瘟病菌菌株对持有Pik-h、Piz、Pita、Piz-5、Pita-2、Pi5、Pi7和Pi9这8个水稻品系的毒性频率分别为18.25%、9.13%、9.64%、7.50%、15.72%、0、13.05%和0;分离自陆稻区的稻瘟病菌菌株菌株对持有Pik-h、Pib、Pish、Pi1、Pi5、Pi9、Pi11和Pi57(t)这8个水稻品系的毒性频率分别为6.67%、3.33%、13.79%、13.33%、7.69%、6.67%、0和3.23%;交配型测定结果显示,陆稻区菌株可交配率为100.00%,...     

野生稻转育后代对褐飞虱抗性的研究

对１０７份栽培稻／野生稻高世代品系及８６个药用野生稻栽培稻回交Ｆ１再生苗进行了苗期抗褐飞虱鉴定,对６４个品系进行了孕穗期抗性鉴定,并初步了野生稻转育后代的苗期拒虫性及孕穗期抗生性等。结果表明,野生稻抗虫基因已导入某些杂交品系Ｂ５,Ｂ２,Ｂ３,Ｂ６,Ｂ１０,Ｂ１１,Ｂ１２,Ｂ１３,Ｂ１４,Ｂ１５,Ｂ７,Ｂ８在苗期表现高抗,在孕穗期表现中抗,抗性水平比对照抗性品种ＩＲ３６高;Ｂ２Ｆ３－５２,Ｂ２Ｆ３－     

抗稻瘿蚊品种多抗1的抗性遗传分析及抗性基因定位

稻瘿蚊是亚洲稻区主要害虫,采用抗虫品种进行防治是最理想的方法。1993～1995年,广东省农科院与国际水稻研究所有关专家紧密合作,对能抗华南4个稻瘿蚊生物型的品种多抗1作进一步抗性遗传分析,确认多抗1对中国稻瘿蚊生物型1和4的抗性受显性单基因控制,这个基因暂定名为GM—6(t)。以多抗1×丰银占1组合的F3代160个家系作基因标记,据DNA库分离个体分析(BSA)原理,用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)标记物OPM6(1.4kb),首次成功地标记了这个抗性基因。随后多态性扩增产物经~(32)p标记,用作探针,检测另一个参考作图群体IR64×Azucena,将这个抗性基因定位在水稻第4条染色体上,位于RG214和RG163两个DNA限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)标记之间。应用这些分子标记辅助选择有可能不必通过稻瘿蚊的直接筛选,快速准确地选育抗稻瘿蚊品种或进行抗性基因累加。     

球孢白僵菌有性世代培养及子代毒力稳定性鉴定

在利用球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana有性态改良球孢白僵菌菌株的研究中,菌株的选择非常重要,其中利用交配型基因选择菌株是必要手段。而且虫生真菌的有性态能够使菌株间产生基因交流,促进其进化的过程。为更好地研究球孢白僵菌的遗传规律,以获得避免菌种衰退的方法,本研究建立了分别以柞蚕蛹为活体寄主和糙米培养基为基质的2种人工培养有性世代繁殖体系。结果表明,交配型为MAT1-1-1型和MAT1-2-1型混合型菌株BbDPSD5,经过自交在2种基质上均能够产生有性态。而具有2种单一交配型的菌株BbOFDH1-5和BbDPSD2进行配伍试验,BbOFDH1-5×BbDPSD2、BbOFDH1-5×BbDPSD5和BbDPSD2×BbDPSD5在2种基质上均没有有性态产生。对获得的有性态子囊孢子经无性繁殖产生的菌株进行r DNA-ITS片段以及交配型基因检测,并对测序结果进行比对分析。结果显示,扩增得到的r DNA-ITS序列和MAT1-2-1交配型基因与亲本序列同源性为100%,而没有检测到MAT1-1-1型。2种培养方式获得的结果完全一致。对有性态子代子囊孢子产生的株系进行毒力测试结果表明,所有子代菌株与原始菌株BbDPSD5的毒力差异不显著,子代交配型基因虽然缺失了MAT1-1-1,但是毒力没有衰退,未出现菌种退化现象。     

黑龙江省稻瘟病菌育性及其交配型分析

为明确黑龙江省采集自不同年份、不同地区的稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae的育性能力和交配型分布,采用2株标准菌株GUY11(MAT1-2)和KA3(MAT1-1)对2016—2017年黑龙江省西部、东部、中部3个地区经单孢分离的241株稻瘟病菌进行育性测定,并利用PCR技术对其交配型进行检测。结果表明,黑龙江省西部、东部、中部的241株稻瘟病菌中可育性菌株比例为11.62%,其中雌性菌株、雄性菌株、两性菌株分别占1.66%、4.56%和1.25%,不能判断其性别的未知菌株占4.15%。采集自不同地区、不同年份的稻瘟病菌可育性差异均较大,西部、东部、中部地区可育性菌株出现频率分别为13.25%、7.27%和12.62%;2016年采集的稻瘟病菌可育性较高,可育性菌株出现频率为25.30%。黑龙江省稻瘟病菌群体中同时存在MAT1-1和MAT1-2两种交配型,主要以交配型MAT1-1占优势,出现频率为58.92%,交配型为MAT1-2的菌株出现频率为8.30%。不同地区稻瘟病菌的交配型亦有差异,交配型为MAT1-1的菌株在黑龙江省东部地区出现频率最高,为72.73%,在中部、西部地区的出现频率次之,分别为61.17%和46.99%。表明黑龙江省水稻种植区的稻瘟病菌同时存在2种交配型菌株,其交配型存在丰富的多态性,但其可育性及交配型分布不均衡。