红锥大苗移栽装袋技术及种植表现

对红锥大苗移栽装袋后不同培育时间的袋苗进行种植对比试验,结果表明:红锥大苗移栽装袋对提高红锥种植存活率和生长效果明显,且移栽装袋培育时间对红锥袋苗种植存活率和生长有着不同程度的影响。以装袋移栽1～2 a的效果最好,种植存活率高达96%以上,当年抽梢可达50 cm以上,第2年树高生长量。平均达85. 21～93. 45 cm,胸径生长量平均达1. 52～1. 63 cm。袋苗移栽各项生长指标均极显著高于同苗龄的裸根地苗。     

珍贵树种榉木芽苗移栽技术研究

对榉林采种、种子处理、贮藏及芽苗移栽进行了试验研究,其在不同密度培育榉木苗木中,10cm×20cm、15cm×20cm密度苗木生长量的增加较为均匀,较为适宜苗木的生长,产苗量适中,比较适合生产应用,而20cm×20cm密度比较适合大径苗的生长。     

陕西吴起县不同规格大苗移栽造林效果分析

以吴起县为研究区,通过现地调查和查阅资料,从投资、成活保存率、施工难度、生长状况等4个方面对比分析了两次不同规格大苗移栽造林效果。结果表明:2008年(使用2m、3m、4m高的侧柏、油松造林)大苗单株投资、每公顷造林投资远高于2009年(使用1.5m高的油松造林),大苗成活率和保存率远低于2009年,大苗移栽施工难度大于2009年,大苗生长情况劣于2009年。     

4种壳斗科常绿树种容器苗造林早期生长比较

进行4种壳斗科常绿树种容器苗造林试验。根据造林保存率、胸径、树高、冠幅、变动系数值,采用方差分析、多重比较、系统聚类方法,比较4树种早期生长状况。结果表明,青冈的保存率最高,表现出较强的环境适应能力,但其它生长指标差于另3种树种。综合比较反映,米槠表现最优,小叶青冈、鹿角栲表现居中,青冈次于前3种树种。     

思茅松扦插苗与实生苗造林效果比较研究

依据相同立地条件下同龄人工林样地调查数据,分析比较思茅松扦插苗与实生苗造林效果的差异。结果表明:1)实生苗造林保存率比扦插苗高,但两者均高于90%;2)扦插苗的树高、地径生长量比实生苗大;3)扦插苗及实生苗高生长和径生长之间存在极显著的正相关关系,扦插苗表现出“高胖”的形态特征,而实生苗倾向于“矮胖”。     

绿化大苗培育方法

近年来,随着城市建设的不断发展,供作行道树及园林绿化的大苗越来越成为市场的新宠.要想培育出主干通直良好、枝条分布均匀、树冠发育匀称、根系发达、无病虫害的绿化大苗,应从以下几个方面加强对苗木的管理.     

果树定植防“五苗”与僵苗

在新栽果树中 ,常常出现这样的情况 ,果树定植时出现“五苗” ,定植后发生僵苗。归纳起来“五苗”即伤苗、老苗、小苗、杂苗、病虫苗。果树僵苗有几种情况 :一是幼苗因根系不好、根量少 ,不发芽 ;二是起苗离定植时间长 ,根系受冻或裸露脱水 ;三是定植园土壤不宜生长。　　一、果树定植防“五苗”( 1 )防“伤苗” :果苗受伤是影响栽植成活率的重要因素。同时受伤的果树苗即使成活生长也缓慢。因此在起苗、运苗和栽植过程中要严防树苗受伤 ,尽量保持根系完整 ,不受碰撞 ,不失水分。定植后 ,还要及时浇水、踏实 ,防止人畜践踏。 ( 2 )防“老苗…     

乐东拟单性木兰容器大苗培育技术研究

研究了基质配比、基肥种类和施肥量、容器规格对3年生乐东拟单性木兰(Parakmeria lotungensis)容器大苗生长的影响,结果表明:乐东拟单性木兰容器大苗对不同基质配比的生长反应差异很大,以珍珠岩为主的配比基质容器苗生长表现最优,以沤制后谷壳为主的轻基质苗木生长较好;不同基肥种类及施肥量对容器苗生长影响显著,施用爱贝斯长效缓释肥(N:P:K=18:18:8)的容器苗生长表现最好;容器规格对乐东拟单性木兰容器苗生长影响显著,容器规格的增大可显著促进苗高和地径生长。从苗木质量和育苗成本等因素综合考虑,乐东拟单性木兰轻基质容器大苗优良培养方案为:基质配比(体积比)为泥炭:黄泥:谷壳=2:3:5,基质中施用3.0 kg/m3爱贝斯长效缓释肥,无纺布容器规格为D×H=30 cm×30 cm。     

绿竹移竹蔸苗造林与插枝苗造林比较试验

绿竹移竹蔸苗造林与插枝苗造林比较试验结果表明, 两者间无显著差异; 造林后绿竹生长情况与母竹的直径大小无显著相关。     

容器苗指数施肥研究综述

容器苗作为主要的造林材料广泛用于林地更新和荒山的植被恢复, 但其造林成活率及生长表现常受杂草和土壤肥力的影响。指数施肥作为一种新型的容器苗培育方式, 将施肥量与植物指数生长期间的需肥量紧密结合, 并通过营养载荷在幼苗体内建立营养库, 从而降低了幼苗对种植地营养水平的依赖, 有利于提高幼苗的造林成活率。文中介绍了指数施肥的原理, 及其对苗期和种植后幼苗生长的影响, 旨在为容器苗指数施肥在我国的推广提供理论基础。     

红豆树优良单株子代苗期生长差异分析

对所选择的12个红豆树优良单株进行苗期生长测定,结果表明:优良单株的子代生长效应能明显显示其母本的优良性状特征;其中,优良单株依次为优株4、优株3、优株6、优株8、优株12、优株10、优株2、优株7、优株5,增长率分别为62.1%、34.7%、30.7%、24.2%、20.7%、19.3%、16.9%、8.5%、7.0%.红豆树优良单株子代的地径、苗高、幅度宽度、枝角等性状的广义遗传力分别为8.9%、20.0%、34.9%、13.9%.     

接干和施肥对不同初植苗高泡桐幼树主干生长影响的研究

研究了接干和施肥对苗高为３．０、３．５、４．０、４．５、５．０ｍ初植的３年生和４年生泡桐幼树生长的影响。结果表明,１次接干能明显促进苗高为３．０、３．５ｍ苗的３年生泡桐幼树的高生长;２次接干能明显促进苗高为４．５ｍ的４年生泡桐的高生长,并且苗高为４．０、４．５、５．０ｍ的４年生泡桐幼树的高和胸径生长量都明显比３．０ｍ和３．５ｍ苗的大;施肥能明显促进苗高为４．５、５．０ｍ的１次接干泡桐幼树的高生长。２次接干处理后,对高为４．０ｍ的苗培育高干良材（主干达６．０ｍ以上）有一定的保障。     

Performance of ponderosa pine seedlings under four herbicide regimes in northeast Oregon

The herbicide, hexazinone, was applied four ways over ponderosa pine, 2–0 seedlings planted in northeast Oregon. The four treatments were two broadcast applications, a single broadcast application, a large spot application, and a small spot application. Seedling survival and growth were monitored for five growing seasons. Results indicate that survival more than doubled with either large or small spot applications compared to no application, and either one or two broadcast applications can increase survival an additional 30% over spot applications. Differences in stem volume were substantial, with two broadcast applications yielding more than twice the volume of a single broadcast treatment and more than five times the volume of seedlings treated with spot applications. Trees in small spots were still three times bigger than surviving seedlings in the control. These results are consistent with the concept of competition threshold. Management implications were considered in terms of cost of established seedlings. Although broadcast applications cost more per acre than spot applications, gains in seedling survival, growth and quality offset the additional cost and translate into lower established seedling costs. The cost effectiveness of broadcast applications also may be seen in the elimination of replanting or in-planting requirements and increases in long-term growth potential of the established trees.     

浙南闽北锥栗品种资源调查研究

以锥栗主产区浙南闽北为重点,开展锥栗种质资源调查,共选出了23个农家品种。按其果实大小选出了乌壳长芒、黄榛、温洋红、大尖嘴、处署红、长芒仔6个大果型品种,蔓榛、红紫榛、白露仔、薄壳仔、财榛、麦塞仔、穗榛、猪屎榛8个中果型品种,油栗、嫁接毛榛、毛榛、光生栗等9个小果型品种。并分析了不同品种锥栗的蛋白质、糖分、淀粉、氨基酸等营养成分,结果表明,不同农家品种问其含量有较大差异。     

不同栽植时期对苹果苗木成活及生长的影响

为了指导河北省滦平县的苹果栽植,以3a生国光苹果苗木为试材,研究了不同栽植时期苗木的成活率及生长情况,结果表明,4月8日栽植的苗木成活率、下部小主枝上的长梢数分别为92.67%、9.26个,极显著高于4月15日和4月22日栽植的处理;新梢平均长度为39.93cm,显著高于4月15日和4月22日栽植的处理;单株长梢数13.73个,显著高于4月22日栽植的处理。4月15日栽植的苗木成活率、下部小主枝萌芽率、下部小主枝上的长梢数分别为75.67%、39.71%、7.58个,极显著高于4月22日栽植的处理;单株中梢数为14.95个,显著高于4月22日栽植的处理。3个栽植时期的地径、单株短梢数和叶丛枝数无显著差异。表明4月8日栽植苹果苗木的生长情况优于后面的2个时期,在滦平县4月份内栽植苹果苗木应越早越好。     

西藏色季拉山冷杉原始林林隙更新研究

通过对西藏色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉原始林林隙更新调查，研究了林隙大小与更新以及林隙形成年龄与更新的关系，对林隙和非林隙林分内幼苗和幼树的高生长进行了比较。结果表明：林隙大小在100m^2左右，最适合于苗高20cm以下的更新幼苗生存，超过100m^2，更新幼苗随着林隙面积的增大而减少；林隙大小在300m^2左右，最适合冷杉幼树和小径木的生存。林隙形成年龄在30a左右，更新幼苗和幼树的数量最多，而小径木数量有限，随着林隙形成年龄的增大，小径木数量逐渐增多，而幼苗和幼树逐渐减少；林隙内幼苗、幼树和小径木的密度均大于非林隙林分；林隙对3年生以下幼苗的高生长影响不大，对4年生以上幼树的高生长有促进作用，特别是对9年生至16年生幼树高生长的促进作用最明显。     

不同繁殖方式下芳樟幼林生长性状分析

对芳樟组培、扦插和嫁接苗的幼林生长节律和生物量的积累及分配格局进行了分析,结果表明:芳樟无性系6-11月生长较快,12月到翌年1月生长缓慢,2-3月又恢复高生长量.生长性状大小排序:组培苗＞扦插苗＞嫁接苗.生物量的分配各不一致,组培苗:枝＞茎＞叶＞根;嫁接苗:枝＞茎＞根＞叶;扦插苗:枝＞茎＞根＞叶.不同类型幼树主要器官生物量的分布,根部:嫁接苗＞扦插苗＞组培苗;枝:组培苗＞扦插苗＞嫁接苗;叶:嫁接苗＞扦插苗＞组培苗.     

Changes in physiological attributes of ponderosa pine from seedling to mature tree

Plant physiological models are generally parameterized from many different sources of data, including chamber experiments and plantations, from seedlings to mature trees. We obtained a comprehensive data set for a natural stand of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) and used these data to parameterize the physiologically based model, TREGRO. Representative trees of each of five tree age classes were selected based on population means of morphological, physiological, and nearest neighbor attributes. Differences in key physiological attributes (gas exchange, needle chemistry, elongation growth, needle retention) among the tree age classes were tested. Whole-tree biomass and allocation were determined for seedlings, saplings, and pole-sized trees. Seasonal maxima and minima of gas exchange were similar across all tree age classes. Seasonal minima and a shift to more efficient water use were reached one month earlier in seedlings than in older trees because of decreased soil water availability in the rooting zone of the seedlings. However, carbon isotopic discrimination of needle cellulose indicated increased water-use efficiency with increasing tree age. Seedlings had the lowest needle and branch elongation biomass growth. The amount of needle elongation growth was highest for mature trees and amount of branch elongation growth was highest for saplings. Seedlings had the highest biomass allocation to roots, saplings had the highest allocation to foliage, and pole-sized trees had the highest allocation to woody tissues. Seedlings differed significantly from pole-sized and older trees in most of the physiological traits tested. Predicted changes in biomass with tree age, simulated with the model TREGRO, closely matched those of trees in a natural stand to 30 years of age.     

Green spruce aphid infestations cause larger growth reductions to Sitka spruce under shade

Light availability and infestation by the green spruce aphid (Elatobium abietinum) are key factors affecting the growth of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) seedlings under a mature tree canopy, but their combined effect on seedling growth has not previously been quantified. A controlled outdoor experiment in which light levels (high light (HL): 100%, intermediate light (IL): 24%) and aphid infestation (absence/presence) were manipulated was conducted over 2 years to look at the effects on seedling growth and biomass distribution patterns. Aphid population assessments showed a significantly increased population density under IL, with three to four times higher cumulative aphid densities than that under HL. Defoliation rates of infested seedlings were directly related to aphid density. Total seedling biomass was strongly reduced in IL, and aphid infestation caused additional reductions in the biomass of particular components of the seedlings. Dry weight (DW) of older (≥1-year-old) needles in infested trees was significantly decreased in both years. Total root DW at the end of the second year was significantly affected by aphid infestation, and the reduction (14-18%) was similar in IL and HL treatments despite large differences in aphid density. Biomass distribution patterns in infested trees were similar to that of uninfested trees within each light treatment, indicating that the relative decreases in root biomass were accompanied by similar reductions in distribution to the above-ground parts of the seedlings. Leader extension growth of infested seedlings was reduced by 15-17% compared with uninfested seedlings under IL, whereas only a 2-3% reduction in leader extension of infested seedlings under HL was observed. The results showed that the response of seedlings to E. abietinum were primarily dependent on the light environment. The significant reduction caused by aphids on the total DW of older needles and roots, and on leader extension growth, does suggest the potential for effects to accumulate over time.     

乐东拟单性木兰母树林营建技术研究

利用松溪、建瓯、沙县、邵武、永安等地的优良林分中母树种子苗,在福建省松溪国有林场建立了7 hm2乐东拟单性木兰母树林,以期解决短期乐东拟单性木兰种子供应不足问题。从母树林选址、营建材料、营建方法等方面探讨了乐东拟单性木兰母树林的营建技术。结果表明,采用沙藏催芽,营养砖营养袋播种技术培育优质乐东拟单性木兰苗木,再选用超级苗造林可使保存率达到90%以上;3年生乐东拟单性木兰专建型母树林树高平均值为2.24 m,变异系数为23.89%,表明母树林中存在较大的生长差异性,有必要对病虫害植株、生长不良植株进行疏伐,从而提高整体生长水平。