生鲜农产品减压冷藏链新模式的探讨

现行的生鲜农产品冷藏链是以冷为线,主要将预冷、贮藏、运输、货架等技术设备串接在一起、加上信息化技术形成的链条。随着社会的发展和人们对生鲜农产品品质期望值的提升,现有的冷链面临完善与更新的挑战。减压冷藏技术是近半个世纪发展起来的高新技术,其对生鲜农产品的保鲜效果远远优于现行单纯的冷藏技术。本文探讨将减压冷藏技术应用于现代冷链物流的可行性、必要性与可实现性,并提出生鲜农产品减压冷藏链的新模式。     

减压冷藏技术对鲜切果蔬保鲜效果的研究

以花王菜等6种蔬菜和苹果为试材,研究减压冷藏技术对鲜切果蔬的保鲜效果。结果表明,减压冷藏处理技术是可应用于鲜切果蔬保鲜的新技术。将果蔬原材料经减压冷藏处理(压力范围为600～3 200 Pa),再清洗切割加工成鲜切产品,可比普通冷藏有效减缓山药、土豆和苹果等鲜切产品的褐变;明显减少鲜切花王菜、鸡毛菜和空心菜的萎蔫、黄叶与腐烂,保持鲜切绿叶菜的新鲜品质;切割前的减压冷藏结合真空预冷,可大大减轻鲜切西兰花的黄化、萎蔫、花粒变大、脱落及切面的褐变与腐烂,显著延长鲜切果蔬的冷藏货架期及冷链断链保鲜期。     

生鲜农产品冷链流通的保鲜原理及发展意义

从低温对微生物的生长发育、生鲜农产品在流通过程中的呼吸代谢及高温与低温伤害的控制作用等方面,介绍了生鲜农产品冷链流通的保鲜原理。并从产品质量与安全及环境污染问题的改善、提高我国生鲜农产品的国内外市场竞争力等方面分析了我国发展生鲜农产品冷链流通的意义。     

冷链物流生鲜品感知仪系统设计

针对现阶段我国冷链保鲜信息化水平偏低的问题,设计了一种基于物联网的现代生鲜品全程感知仪系统,该系统将物联网技术、果蔬保鲜期预测技术、无线射频识别与二维码技术、大数据与云计算技术等诸多技术进行了高度集成化应用,具有传感层、网络层、控制层、用户层四层结构,能够实现生鲜产品从采摘、存储、运输、加工等环节的全程无缝冷链实时温湿度等环境参数的监控与预警,从而大大提高了我国冷链流通的信息化水平,具有很强的市场推广价值。     

基于故障树和贝叶斯网络的冷链配送系统的可靠性分析

生鲜农产品在流通中存在冷链“断链”现象严重、腐损率高的问题。本文以生鲜农产品冷链物流配送系统为研究对象,通过分析冷链配送过程各环节中影响配送效率的不确定性因素,构建冷链配送系统的故障树模型,然后将其转化为贝叶斯网络,评估冷链配送系统的可靠性。本研究将概率重要度引入到冷链配送系统的可靠性分析中,揭示了影响冷链配送系统可靠性的薄弱因素,并通过算例分析,验证模型的有效性,为优化配送流程提供依据。     

果蔬保鲜包装技术及其研究进展

果蔬保鲜包装技术是一类应用性较强的现代保鲜技术,该技术能够更好地保持产品品质,降低果蔬损耗率。在过去的几十年,果蔬保鲜包装技术得到了较快的发展。近年来,随着生鲜电子商务新业态的出现及快速发展,消费者对果蔬品质的要求不断提高,使得市场对保鲜包装性能提出了新需求,这就促使果蔬保鲜包装技术呈现出更多元化的发展趋势。本文介绍了气调包装、活性包装和智能包装等果蔬包装技术的概念及原理,综述了其研究进展,并对果蔬保鲜包装技术进行了展望。     

果蔬保鲜分解残留农药技术获重大突破

<正> 一项用于瓜果蔬菜及食用菌等的保鲜贮藏以及分解残留农药的新技术,于近日通过了河南省科技厅的正式鉴定,鉴定专家认为:这项新技术能够显著延长果蔬产品保鲜时间,并攻克了国内外在该领域内尚未解决的技术关键:第一时间迅速去除田间热、迅速杀菌以及分解残留农药。由郑州绿色希望等离子体技术有限公司提交鉴定的这项技术,是一项以低温等离子和真空减压为核心的复合技术,可用于果蔬食用菌等60多个品种的保鲜,并在去除残留农药技术指标方面达到了国际领先标准。这项复合型新技术拥有数项国家专利,专家经对果蔬及食用菌各7个品种的鉴定证明:保鲜时间长,比气调库     

我国果蔬物流保鲜产业的现状与发展战略思考

阐述了"十二五"中后期我国果蔬物流保鲜产业的地位和作用、存在的问题与发展战略思考,提出进一步落实国家已制订的相关发展规划,配套相应政策并加大资金扶持力度;发展适合我国国情的果蔬物流保鲜产业体系;提高果蔬生产的区域化、集约化与组织化程度;研发多种高新物流保鲜装备、材料与技术;增强果蔬物流企业的经济与技术基础,提高标准化、信息化、装备化和生物化技术的应用程度;建立果蔬物流保鲜全程控制技术体系,完善果蔬冷链流通技术体系等六大战略举措,以期实现我国果蔬物流保鲜产业又好又快的发展。     

"十二五"期间我国果蔬冷链物流面临的机遇与挑战

本文在回顾"十一五"期间我国果蔬生产、贮运及流通概况的基础上,阐述了"十二五"期间加速我国农产品冷链物流发展面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了提升我国果蔬冷链物流保鲜水平的主要途径.     

生鲜鸭肉制品深加工新技术及其进展

针对生鲜鸭肉产品的安全质量现状,研究肉鸭生鲜制品在生产、流通和销售全过程中的生产安全关键技术,建立肉鸭规模化屠宰冷却、多栅栏减菌、冷链不间断的标准化保鲜技术,使生鲜鸭肉产品成为肉类加工企业的主打产品和主流方向,可以满足人们追求肉食美味、安全和合理营养的需求。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.