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1.
Sex-linked SSR markers in hemp 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Hemp is a dioecious plant with sex chromosomes X and Y, the male sex being heterogametic. The quality of the fibre depends on the sex type. The sex chromosomes can be characterized by molecular markers. In this report, sex‐linked simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are described. One SSR marker was polymorphic in both the populations derived from single crosses, two other markers in but one of the two populations. Three alleles were detected for two SSR markers indicating polymorphism not only between X and Y, but also between different X chromosomes. In addition, several sex‐linked RAPD markers were detected in one population. Recombination within the sex chromosomes was observed for nearly all markers. 相似文献
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The use of AFLP markers for cultivar identification in apricot 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) molecular markers were employed for the fingerprinting of 118 accessions of apricot, including cultivated varieties and related apricot species. Five primer combinations were tested and 165 polymorphic bands produced which could uniquely differentiate all accessions under investigation. Primer combinations were rated according to the multiplex ratio, the polymorphic index content and the discrimination power parameters and superior combinations were identified. AFLP markers were used in cluster analysis carried out with the UPGMA and the neighbour‐joining methods and parsimony analysis. Four groups of similar accessions were identified: (i) those from the Mediterranean basin, (ii) from China, (iii) from continental Europe and (iv) mixed Europe‐North America accessions. In the principal component analysis the first three components accounted for 17% of the total variability existing among accessions. Because the most important regions where apricot is cultivated in the world were represented in the analysis, with a large number of varieties, it was possible to discuss the data in the light of current phylogenetic hypotheses on the origin and evolution of the species. 相似文献
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Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) is a powerful technique which can readily be applied to a wide range of species for mapping purposes. AFLPs were added to a linkage map of durum wheat constructed using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). The mapping population included 65 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between the durum wheat cultivar ‘Messapia’ and accession ‘MG4343’ of the wild Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (Körn.). Genomic DNA was digested with MseI (4‐cutter) and Sse83871 (8‐cutter). Using a silver‐staining protocol, 14 primer combinations revealed 421 clearly scorable amplicons including 100 polymorphisms. The presence of nine pairs of bands linked in repulsion phase with each pair generated by one primer combination suggested the presence of codominant alleles; sequence analysis of four band pairs confirmed their codominant nature. The integration of 80 AFLP loci extended the map in several telomeric regions, reduced the size of four large gaps present in the previous map, and eliminated one gap. The new map obtained after the inclusion of the 80 AFLP loci and eight additional RFLP loci spans 2063cM which represent a 52.6% increment compared with the previous map. Compared with the distribution of RFLPs, no significant clustering of AFLP markers was observed. 相似文献
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Random amplified polymorphic DN A (RAPD) markers were generated from 13 cultivars and accessions of Cannabis sativa L. Approximately 200 fragments generated by 10 primers of arbitrary sequence were used to assess the level of DNA variation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Dice coefficient of similarity and principal coordinate analysis. The grouping of the accessions according to the cluster analysis was in good agreement with their origin and lines with common ancestors were grouped together. Principal coordinates 1 and 2 revealed a clear separation of Italian and Hungarian germplasm and a third group, including a mixture of genotypes coming from different places; the third coordinate separated the Korean group which is probably the most divergent germplasm. Variability within the two cultivars ‘Carmagnola’ and ‘Fibranova1’ was also shown, suggesting good possibilities for long–term selection work. RAPD markers provide a powerful tool for the investigation of genetic variation in cultivars/accessions of hemp. 相似文献
6.
Novel male-specific molecular markers (MADC5, MADC6) in hemp 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Ottó Törjék Nándor Bucherna Erzsébet Kiss Hajnalka Homoki Zsuzsanna Finta-Korpelová Iván Bócsa István Nagy László E. Heszky 《Euphytica》2002,127(2):209-218
Decamer RAPD primers were tested on dioecious and monoecious hemp cultivars to identify sex-specific molecular markers. Two
primers (OPD05 and UBC354) generated specific bands in male plants. These two DNA fragments were isolated, cloned and sequenced.
Both markers proved to be unique, since no sequence with significant homology to OPD05961 and UBC354151 markers were found in databases. These markers were named MADC3 (OPD05961) and MADC4 (UBC354151) (Male-Associated DNA from Cannabis sativa). The markers were converted into sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. The SCAR markers correlated with
the sex of the segregating F2 population and proved the tight linkage to the male phenotype. Results of F2 plant population analysis suggest these markers are to be linked to the Y chromosome.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Summary The development and applications of molecular markers to hemp breeding are recent, dating back only to the mid-1990s. The main achievements in this field are reviewed. The analysis of Cannabis germplasm by RAPD, AFLP and microsatellites is discussed, with its consequence for the still debated species concept in Cannabis. DNA-based markers have also been exploited in the field of forensic science, in an attempt to discriminate licit from illicit crop. The main applications of the molecular markers to the breeding, however, have been achieved with the development of markers closely linked to the male sex and to some of the most relevant chemotypes. Active research is carried out by several groups in the field of identification and characterization of the genes involved in fiber quality and quantity, and in the determination of monoecy, another very important target of hemp breeding. Besides, markers associated to new, potentially useful chemotypes are being developed, for the marker-assisted breeding of pharmaceutical Cannabis. 相似文献
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Amplified fragment length polymorphism 《分子植物育种》2007,5(2):266-268
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), a novel DNA fmgerprinting technique based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with high discriminatory power, has the advantages of high efficiency, rapidness, reliability, and rich polymorphism et. It has been widely used for screening molecular markers, constructing genetic linkage map, analyzing relationship and locating genes (Vos et al., 1995). However, due to high price of reagents involved in AFLP and requirement of high technology, its potential use has been limited. For walnuts, there are two groups characterized with early-bearing and late-bearing trait, respectively. Early-bearing walnuts ramify early with short intemodes, and begin to blossom and bear fruits in the first or second year or so. Studies show that the gene associated with the early-bearing character is a kind of precious genetic resource in nature and has very high hereditable ability (Zheng et al., 2003; Yamamo et al., 1998; Fang et al., 1999). Research and employment of this has important meaning not only for the varieties improvement of walnuts, controlling and realizing of earlybearing quality, but also for the studies of flower bud differentiation in fruit trees. This research, combined AFLP technology with bulked segregant analysis (BSA) to screen AFLP markers linked to early-bearing character in walnut, can be applied to early screening of walnut hybrids, constructing genetic linkage map, locating genes and improving varieties. 相似文献
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AFLP分子标记鉴别大白菜品种 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
本试验采用AFLP技术,研究了90份来自7个不同栽培地区的大白菜品种材料。共筛选了20对引物,不同引物组合检测多态性谱带的能力有很大的差异,多态性谱带的数量从9条到32条不等。其中E—ACA/M—CTG是大白菜品种十分高效的引物组合,共产生7l条清晰的扩增带,其中有32条多态性谱带,多态性谱带的百分率为45.7%。通过该引物组合,能将90个品种全部区分开来。同时应用该引物组合检测2个大白菜杂交品种(北京新2号,京夏王)各10株,其中有1株北京新2号的谱带异常,其余同一品种不同单株的带型完全一致。表明AFLP标记用于研究品种指纹图谱,并鉴别品种是完全可行的。 相似文献
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甘蓝品种的AFLP指纹鉴别图谱分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本试验采用AFLP技术分析了来自全国9个栽培地区的44个甘蓝主栽品种,共筛选了40对E 3/M 3引物组合,多态性条带的数量从0条到15条不等。其中引物组合E-AAC/M-CTA是甘蓝品种中多态性最高的引物,有15条多态性条带,多态性条带的百分率为30%,但该引物不足以区分44个供试的甘蓝品种。同时筛选了11组E 2/M 3对引物组合,其中引物组合E-AG/M-CTC产生了13条清晰的多态性条带。以E-AAC/M-CTA和E-AG/M-CTC这两对引物组合的多态性条带构建了44份甘蓝品种材料的指纹图谱,此指纹图谱可以将供试的44份材料一一区分。 相似文献
11.
AFLP, ISSR and RAPD markers reveal high levels of genetic diversity among Lupinus spp. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The Lupinus genus includes a number of important crop species. The use of defined nucleotide sequences for the analysis of genetic diversity among these species has revealed modest levels of diversity. The aim of this study was to access AFLP, ISSR and RAPD markers to evaluate the genetic diversity among L. albus, L. angustifolius, L. cosentinii, L. hispanicus, L. luteus, L. mutabilis, L. pilosus and L. polyphyllus. Unexpectedly, low levels of genetic similarity were found (ranging from 0.205 to 0.432), regardless of the type of molecular marker used. Nevertheless, these techniques consistently showed a greater genetic similarity between L. pilosus and L. cosentinii, L. mutabilis and L. polyphyllus and among L. luteus, L. hispanicus and L. angustifolius, clearly separating the Old World from the New World species. Such low genetic similarity among Lupinus spp. is most unlikely to be due to differences in coding sequences but could be the result of a long diverging process concerning non‐coding regions, which would represent a very important proportion of these genomes. 相似文献
12.
Variation in Capsicum annuum revealed by RAPD and AFLP markers 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
Genetic relationships were examined among thirty-four pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivars of different types. Two types of
PCR-based markers were used, RAPD and AFLP, and their relative effectiveness was compared. A dendrogram based on RAPD markers
separated the large-fruited sweet cultivars from the small-fruited pungent peppers, and the former group showed less divergence
than the latter. The percentage of polymorphic markers was lower for AFLP than for RAPD markers (13 and 22% respectively).
However, AFLP primers amplified on average six times more products than RAPD markers. The average numbers of polymorphic products
per primer were 1.6 and 6.5 for RAPD and AFLP primers, respectively, i.e., AFLP primers were four times more efficient than
RAPD primers in their ability to detect polymorphism in pepper. While four blocky type cultivars were indistinguishable by
RAPD, two AFLP primer pairs were sufficient to distinguish the four cultivars from each other.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Two molecular marker approaches [amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR)] were employed to study genomic relationship among 96 rice cultivars. These included most of the best reputed Italian accessions. AFLP produced 461 fragments, 248 (53%) of which were polymorphic, SSR produced four to 11 alleles in the 12 genomic loci investigated. Genomic similarity was estimated independently for the two molecular marker techniques. Both AFLP and SSR dendrograms agree in splitting the cultivars into two main clusters: a small one, comprising four exotic accessions, and a larger one which could be split into four subgroups. These were also analysed on the basis of historical and pedigree information. This is the first report on the application of DNA polymorphism analysis to reveal genomic relationship among cultivated Italian rice germplasm. Results will be useful for breeding programmes. 相似文献
14.
Framework genetic linkage maps of two progenitor species of cultivated sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum ‘La Striped’ (2n = 80) and S. spontaneum ‘SES 147B’ (2n = 64) were constructed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP),
and target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) markers. The mapping population was comprised of 100 F1 progeny derived from the interspecific cross. A total of 344 polymorphic markers were generated from the female (S. officinarum) parent, out of which 247 (72%) were single-dose (segregating in a 1:1 ratio) and 33 (9%) were double-dose (segregating in
a 3.3:1 ratio) markers. Sixty-four (19%) markers deviated from Mendelian segregation ratios. In the S. spontaneum genome, out of a total of 306 markers, 221 (72%) were single-dose, 43 (14%) were double-dose, and 42 markers (14%) deviated
from Mendelian segregation ratios. Linkage maps with Kosambi map distances were constructed using a LOD score ≥5.0 and a recombination
threshold of 0.45. In Saccharum officinarum, 146 markers were linked to form 49 linkage groups (LG) spanning 1732 cM whereas, in S. spontaneum, 121 markers were linked to form 45 LG spanning 1491 cM. The estimated genome size of S. officinarum ‘La Striped’ was 2448 cM whereas that of S. spontaneum ‘SES 147B’ was 3232 cM. Based on the two maps, genome coverage was 69% in S. officinarum and 46% in S. spontaneum. The S. officinarum parent ‘La Striped’ behaved like an auto-allopolyploid whereas S. spontaneum ‘SES 147B’ behaved like a true autopolyploid. Although a large disparity exists between the two genomes, the existence of
simple duplex markers, which are heterozygous in both parents and segregate 3:1 in the progeny, indicates that pairing and
recombination can occur between the two genomes. The study also revealed that, compared with AFLP, the SRAP and TRAP markers
appear less effective at generating a large number of genome-wide markers for linkage mapping in sugarcane. However, SRAP
and TRAP markers can be useful for QTL mapping because of their ability to target gene-rich regions of the genome, which is
a focus of our future research. 相似文献
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AFLP fingerprinting in Medicago spp.: Its development and application in linkage mapping 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
G. Barcaccia E. Albertini S. Tavoletti M. Falcinelli F. Veronesi 《Plant Breeding》1999,118(4):335-340
Cultivated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., 2n= 4x= 32) is one of the most important forage crops in temperate climates. The genus Medicago includes diploid species that are a valuable source of wild germplasm for studying the reproductive system of alfalfa and its abnormalities. A linkage map of an apomeiotic mutant of Medicago falcata (L.) Arcang. (2n= 2x= 16) that spanned 368.6 cM and included 29 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), 35 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and three restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci was constructed using a one-way pseudo-testcross mapping strategy. The success of such a strategy depends on the presence of sufficiently high levels of heterozygosity in the individual plant which is being mapped and on the informativeness of the marker system that is used. In general: (1) highly informative and reproducible RAPD and AFLP fingerprints were generated and several genome-specific primers selected; (2) of 67 marker loci mapped, 51 were arranged in 11 main linkage groups and eight additional couples of linked marker loci were detected; (3) mapping of an F1 population theoretically allowed a better estimation of linkage distances since it avoided segregation distortion (x2 analyses revealed segregation distortion in only 5.2% of marker loci); (4) the high frequency of unlinked marker loci obtained suggests that, in this alfalfa genotype, DNA markers are distributed throughout the genome. This type of genetic map should find application and prove useful in marker-assisted selection and map-based breeding programmes in meiotic mutants of alfalfa for which there is a lack of suitable genetic markers. 相似文献
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Sex expression is of primary importance for the genetic improvement and production of monoecious hemp: masculinized phenotypes are associated with higher fungal sensitivity, and feminized phenotypes with higher seed yields. However, sex expression varies quantitatively among plants and nodes and with time. Here, we developed eight variables that characterize the sex expression in monoecious hemp to dissect its genetic determinism. The monoecy degree (MD), ranging from 1 (mostly male flowers) to 5 (mostly female flowers), was recorded for each node of 167 plants, at 6 times at 1‐week intervals. Two types of longitudinal variables were constructed: ‘synthesis’ (mean MD and percentages of nodes of each MD) and ‘structure’. The latter consisted of the parameters of a logistic curve describing MD as a function of the node position. An r‐square of 0.97 was obtained between the estimated and observed MD values, and the logistic parameters were weakly correlated with each other and with the synthesis variables. Therefore, we conclude that the present modelling approach is relevant for characterizing the sex expression in monoecious hemp. 相似文献
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Genetic diversity of 18 Brassica nigra accessions was estimated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker technology. Two B. rapa and two B. juncea accessions were selected as outliers in the study. Eight AFLP primer combinations generated a total of 426 bands, of which 79% were polymorphic. The UPGMA method was employed to construct a dendrogram based on the Jaccard's similarity coefficient. The accessions of B. rapa separated from those of B. nigra at a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.27 while those of B. juncea did so at 0.5. The genetic similarity coefficients within the B. nigra accessions ranged from 0.58 to 0.86. Based on these coefficients it was concluded that the B. nigra accessions show high levels of genetic variation. These results have significant implications in the crop improvement programmes for the agronomically important crop B. juncea, an amphidiploid of B. nigra and B. rapa. Two incorrectly labelled B. nigra accessions were also identified. These accessions were found to cluster with those of B. juncea accessions. This result demonstrates the great value of AFLP markers in the management of genebanks. 相似文献
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